Les classiques du soin

On trouvera ici un recueil des grands textes médicaux, littéraires, de philosophie et de sciences sociales sur l'expérience de la maladie et du soin. Il révèle combien cette expérience était déjà au coeur de la pensée la plus classique, mais aussi comment elle est devenue classique dans la pensée la plus contemporaine. D'Hippocrate à Georges Canguilhem, de Tolstoï à Susan Sontag, de Montaigne à Michel Foucault et Erving Goffman, ces classiques permettent d'appréhender les tensions les plus profondes et actuelles du soin : geste technique et relation éthique ; souci de soi et présence à l'autre ; quête de sens et travail ; solidarité et risque d'exclusion ; raison d'être ou point aveugle de la médecine. Chaque texte est suivi d'un commentaire destiné aux étudiants de philosophie et de médecine (notamment de Première Année Commune des Études de Santé) et à tous ceux qu'intéressent les dimensions scientifiques, éthiques et sociales du soin.

Características de imagem na ressonância magnética de gossipiboma intracraniano: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

Vários trabalhos têm descrito as características de gossipibomas por meio de radiografias convencionais e tomografia computadorizada, porém, seus achados na ressonância magnética são menos conhecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as características de imagem de gossipibomas, ilustrando um caso de uma paciente com quadro clínico de febre e confusão mental com antecedente de cirurgia encefálica.

Perspectives in the use of carbon dioxide

The mitigation of carbon dioxide is one of the scientific and technological challenges of the 2000s. Among the technologies that are under assessment, the recovery of carbon dioxide from power plants or industrial flue gases plays a strategic role. Recovered carbon dioxide can be either disposed in natural fields or used. The availability of large amounts of carbon dioxide may open new routes to its utilisation in biological, chemical and innovative technological processes. In this paper, the potential of carbon dioxide utilisation in the short-, medium-term is reviewed.

Desenvolvimento e validação de um método analítico para a determinação de histamina em vinhos utilizando cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção por fluorescência

A rapid and efficient method for the analysis of histamine in wines using HPLC with fluorescence detection after derivatization was developed and validated. The method LOD and LOQ values were 0.25 and 0.50 mg L-1 respectively. The repeatability and intermediary precision for the instrument and for the method presented RSD values of 3.7 and 2.9%, and 6.0 and 5.6%, respectively. The recoveries were 95.5 and 89.9% for the fortification levels of 2 and 10 mg L-1. The method was applied to determine the histamine content in Cabernet Sauvignon wines, which presented values between 1.2 and 5.7 mg L-1.

Bioprocessos para remoção de dióxido de carbono e óxido de nitrogênio por micro-algas visando a utilização de gases gerados durante a combustão do carvão

The aim of this work was to study the removal of CO2 and NO by microalgae and to evaluate the kinetic characteristics of the cultures. Spirulina sp. showed µmax and Xmax (0.11 d-1, 1.11 g L-1 d-1) when treated with CO2 and NaNO3. The maximum CO2 removal was 22.97% for S. obliquus treated with KNO3 and atmospheric CO2. The S. obliquus showed maximum NO removal (21.30%) when treated with NO and CO2. Coupling the cultivation of these microalgae with the removal of CO2 and NO has the potential not only to reduce the costs of culture media but also to offset carbon and nitrogen emissions.

Perda química de carbono e cinética do crescimento celular em cultivos de Spirulina

Photosynthetic microorganism cultures, such as microalgae, represent one of the alternatives for fossil CO2 emissions mitigation. Carbon supply is the major cost component in microalgal cultures. Aiming to enhance the dissolved inorganic carbon uptake efficiency in microalgal cultures, Spirulina sp LEB-18 was cultivated in mediums containing NaHCO3 concentrations ranging from 2.8 to 100 g L-1. Results indicated that lower dissolved inorganic carbon concentratios (2.8 g L-1 NaHCO3) produce higher growth parameters (Xmax = 0.75 g L-1; Pmax = 0.145 g L-1 d-1; µmax = 0.254 d-1) and lower carbon losses (13.61%). At 50 g L-1 of NaHCO3 cell growth was inhibited and carbon losses reached 38.73%.

Constituintes químicos de Sebastiania macrocarpa Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)

The chemical investigation of the methanolic extract of the aerial part of Sebastiania macrocarpa allowed the isolation of the mixture of steroids β-sitosterol and stigmasterol, gallic acid, and scopoletin. The hexane extract of the roots allowed the isolation of the triterpene lupeol and of the macrociclic diterpene (+)-tonantzitlolone. The structures of all compounds isolated were identified on the basis of their spectral data and by comparison of their spectral data with values described in the literature. This is the first report involving the chemical investigation of this species.

Aplicação de espectroscopias raman e infravermelho na identificação e quantificação de plastificantes em filmes comerciais de PVC esticável

This paper reports the use of Raman and infrared techniques for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of plasticizers in polyvinylchloride (PVC) commercial films. FT-Raman marker bands were indentified for di-2-ethyl-hexyl adipate (DEHA) and di-2-ethyl-hexyl phthalate (DEHP), allowing for the rapid identification of these species in the commercial film. Quantitative analysis by FT-IR resulted in plasticizers concentrations ranging from 11 to 27% (w/w). Considering the little sample preparation and the low cost of the techniques, FT-IR and FT-Raman are viable techniques for a first assessment of plasticizers in commercial samples.

Tocoferois e tocotrienois em óleos vegetais e ovos

The distribution and content of vitamin E isomers was investigated in vegetable oils and raw and cooked egg yolk in commercial restaurants. The analysis of the eight vitamin E isomers was carried out by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The tocopherol and tocotrienol composition of foods varied considerably. Tocopherols were detected in greater quantity and frequency. The α-tocopherol predominated in egg yolks and olive oil while γ-tocopherol was found in high quantities in soybean and canola oils. Cooking did not cause major losses for most of the vitamin E isomers in egg yolks.

Photometric procedure for quantitative analysis of Aflatoxin B1 in peanuts by thin-layer chromatography using charge coupled device detector

A photometric procedure was developed for determination of aflatoxin B1 in peanuts by TLC-CCD technique. The quantification and detection limit were 1.2 μg kg-1 and 0.4 ng per spot, respectively, with mean recovery of 98%. The CCD camera is sufficiently sensitive to detect small changes in spots fluorescence intensity and the results for performance confirmed the efficiency of the method. Another important property of CCD detector is its linearity for a wide range of luminous stimulus determined by analysis of five-point calibration curves using the intensity of AFB1 fluorescence versus AFB1 concentration (0.8 to 4.8 ng per spot). The method was applied to the analysis of thirty nine peanut samples and aflatoxin B1 levels ranged from 16 to 115 μg kg-1. The TLC-CCD and the photometric procedure developed in this study demonstrated to be a simple and efficient tool for quantitative analyses of AFB1 in peanut samples.

O efeito de Coriolis: de pêndulos a moléculas

Coriolis force is an effect which arises in rotating reference frames such as the Earth. This force influences large oceanic motions, atmospheric inertial circles, horizontal and vertical deviations in moving bodies. The Foucault's pendulum is another special case about the Coriolis force influence on macroscopic processes. This pendulum is an example of how experimental sciences can be essential for philosophical and social changes, since it was crucial to prove the Earth's rotation. The Coriolis force has an important role also at microscopic level; it couples vibrational and rotational molecular motions and this fact has consequences in spectroscopic and energetic molecular processes. These points are discussed in this paper.

Bioactive triterpenes and phenolics of leaves of Eugenia brasiliensis

A chemical investigation of Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. (Myrtaceae) leaves led to the isolation of α-amyrin and β-amyrin (in a mixture), betulin, 29-hydroxy-oleanolic acid, quercetin, catechin and gallocatechin. Herein, the identification of 29-hydroxy-oleanolic acid is reported for the first time in the Myrtaceae family. Moreover, in this study, the extract, fractions and six of the seven compounds were monitored for toxicity toward Artemia salina, antibacterial and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The crude ethanol extract of the leaves and fractions were found be active on A. salina toxicity bioassay.

Determinação de deoxinivalenol e zearalenona em arroz natural e parboilizado e suas frações utilizando quEChERS e HPLC/UV-FL

The QuEChERS extraction method followed by quantification using HPLC/UV-FL was evaluated for deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) determination in natural and parboiled rice and their fractions (bran and husk). The comparison between QuEChERS and partition with acetonitrile extraction showed that the first one was better. It presented higher recovery (91% for DON, 105% for ZEA) wih precision ranging from 1.5 to 18.6%. The limits of quantification were 22.2 µg kg-1 for DON and 4.3 µg kg-1 for ZEA. DON and ZEA showed higher levels in endosperm of parboiled rice (8 e 111.7 µg kg-1, respectively) when compared to natural rice.

Método QuEChERS para determinação de ocratoxina a e citrinina em arroz e farelo de arroz

The present study was carried out to establish the optimal conditions for performing ochratoxin A (OTA) and citrinin (CIT) extraction using the QuEChERS method in rice. Employing the factorial experimental design, variables that significantly influenced the extraction stages were determined. The following variables were analyzed: addition of water, acidification of acetonitrile with glacial acetic acid, as well as amounts of magnesium sulfate, sodium acetate, sodium citrate and diatomaceous earth. The best combining procedure resulted in a predictive model using more water and less diatomaceous earth. Recoveries of CIT and OTA were 78-105%.