Estado da arte do sequenciamento genômico na pecuária

There has been a lot of advance in genomics since 1975 when the possibility to determine the nucleotide sequence of a genome was described. In the 90’s the human genome sequencing was started and it was greatly favored by advances in computer technologies. In the last ten years the development of next generation sequencing technologies allowed the sequencing of millions of bases at low cost and in a shorter time compared to the previous technologies. After the conclusion of the human genome project, several initiatives to sequence the genome of domestic animal species were taken, resulting in a large amount of data that is redirecting the goals of genetic studies in domestic animals. The aim of this review was to describe the present situation of the sequencing initiatives on the main domestic animal species of economical interest as well as to list the most important tools available to access the genomic information.

Influence of sperm motility factors on spermatozoa obtained from diffent epididymal segments

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Uterine vascular perfusion and spectral-doppler measurements during early gestation in mares: new concepts of evaluation

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

In vitro production of bovine embryos using Sigma antioxidant supplement®, α-tocopherol and L-ascorbic acid

This study tested the effect of Sigma antioxidant supplement®, α-tocopherol (vitamin E) and L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the culture medium of bovine embryos. In experiment 1, in vitro produced bovine zygotes were cultured in Human Tubal Fluid (HTF): Eagle’s Basic Medium (BME) with: Group 1 – 50 µm vitamin C; Group 2 – 200 µm vitamin E; Group 3 – 25 µm vitamin C and 100 µm vitamin E; Group 4 – 1 µl/ml Sigma antioxidant supplement®; and the Control group – HTF:BME only. In experiment 2, embryos were cultured in high or low oxygen tension with HTF:BME + Sigma antioxidant supplement® or in HTF:BME alone (Control). The data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. The results of experiment 1 showed a negative effect (P < 0.05) of vitamin E on blastocyst production in Group 2 (19.7 ± 0.1%). This effect was reduced in Group 3 by the addition of vitamin C (26.1 ± 0.2%). The use of vitamin C alone (34.9 ± 0.3%) or the Sigma antioxidant supplement® (33.3 ± 0.7%) did not increase (P > 0.05) the number of blastocysts produced compared with the control group (30.1 ± 0.5%). During experiment 2, there was no effect (P > 0.05) from the culture medium or the O2 concentrations used, indicating that the reduction of the O2 concentration did not improve blastocyst production.

Neural differentiation from equine inner cell mass cells in vitro

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Immunohistochemical localization of estrogen receptors in adult stallion epididymis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Prostaglandin receptors (EP2 and EP4) and angiotensin receptor (AGTR2) mRNA expression increases in the oviducts of Nelore cows submitted to ovarian superstimulation

Many peptides are responsible for the coordination of muscle contraction, secretion and ciliary beating of the oviduct epithelium to allow the transport of gametes and embryos, including vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), prostaglandins (PGs), endotelin-1 (ET-1) andangiotensinII(Ang II). The effect of reproductive biotechnologiesusedto improve embryo yield on oviduct gene expression is poorly understood. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ovarian superstimulation on the mRNA expression of the genes encoding the major peptides involved in oviduct contraction in bovine. Therefore, Nelore cows were submitted to P-36 (n = 5) or P-36/eCG (n = 5) ovarian superstimulatory protocols and a control group of cows was not submitted to any superstimulatory protocol (n = 5). The relative expression of VEGF (VEGF, Flk1, Flt1), Ang II (AGTR2, ACE1), ET1 (ET1, ECE1) and PG pathway members (PGES, EP2, EP4, COX1, COX2) was analyzed using real time RT-PCR in each of oviduct segment (infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus). All target genes were expressed in the three segments of the bovine oviduct; however, specific genes were regulated by ovarian superstimulation: EP2 and EP4 receptors mRNA was affected by P- 36/eCG protocol, in the ampulla and infundibulum, respectively; and AGTR2 mRNA was up-regulated by both the P-36/eCG and P-36 protocols in the isthmus. The upregulation of EP2, EP4 and AGTR2 expression in the superstimulated cows suggests a suitable effect of FSH and eCG on bovine oviduct physiology, coordinating the contraction in Nelore cows

Heat stress induced alteration in bovine oocytes: functional and cellular aspects

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

SCWDS Briefs: Volume 23, Number 1 (April 2007)

Table of Contents: SCWDS History Continued: The Domestic Animal Connection WNV Still With Us: Other Arboviruses May Follow Avian Influenza Update – Spring 2007 Scholarship in Memory of Ed Couvillion Chronic Lead Poisoning in Raptors Unusual Deer Tumor Kevin Keel Receives Award New Edition of Wild Bird Diseases Book

SCWDS BRIEFS: Volume 21, Number 3 (October 2005)

H5N1 Influenza Virus in Wild Birds: A Fact Sheet Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 and Wild Birds What are avian influenza viruses? What is a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza virus? What is “Bird Flu” and what is “HPAI H5N1”? What do we know about avian influenza viruses in wild birds? Do we have HPAI H5N1 in North America? Is there currently a public health risk associated with HPAI H5N1 in wild birds? Is there a domestic animal health risk associated with HPAI in wild birds? What is the possibility of HPAI H5N1 entering North America via migratory wild birds? What is the possibility of this virus being maintained in wild bird populations? Do we have surveillance for HPAI H5N1 in the United States? Additional information on HPAI can be found at these websites: The recognized geographic and species distribution of chronic wasting disease (CWD) has expanded since early September 2005 to include Hampshire County in the eastern panhandle of West Virginia National Fish and Wildlife Health Initiative Guiding Principles Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) virus was isolated from seven white-tailed deer in southwestern Michigan during September 2005 During the past summer, more than 500 head of livestock in North Dakota and South Dakota were lost to one of the largest recorded anthrax outbreaks in U.S. history. Most of the losses were in cattle, but horses, bison, and farm-reared elk also were affected. Dr. John Fischer, Director of SCWDS, has received this year’s Special Recognition Award from the International Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (IAFWA). Dr. William Randolph Davidson is retiring in November 2005.

Fuzzy linguistic model for bioelectrical impedance vector analysis

Backgrounds Ea aims: The boundaries between the categories of body composition provided by vectorial analysis of bioimpedance are not well defined. In this paper, fuzzy sets theory was used for modeling such uncertainty. Methods: An Italian database with 179 cases 18-70 years was divided randomly into developing (n = 20) and testing samples (n = 159). From the 159 registries of the testing sample, 99 contributed with unequivocal diagnosis. Resistance/height and reactance/height were the input variables in the model. Output variables were the seven categories of body composition of vectorial analysis. For each case the linguistic model estimated the membership degree of each impedance category. To compare such results to the previously established diagnoses Kappa statistics was used. This demanded singling out one among the output set of seven categories of membership degrees. This procedure (defuzzification rule) established that the category with the highest membership degree should be the most likely category for the case. Results: The fuzzy model showed a good fit to the development sample. Excellent agreement was achieved between the defuzzified impedance diagnoses and the clinical diagnoses in the testing sample (Kappa = 0.85, p < 0.001). Conclusions: fuzzy linguistic model was found in good agreement with clinical diagnoses. If the whole model output is considered, information on to which extent each BIVA category is present does better advise clinical practice with an enlarged nosological framework and diverse therapeutic strategies. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd and European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. All rights reserved.

Spermatogenesis in goats with and without scrotum bipartition

The objective of the present research was to quantify the seminiferous epithelium cells, spermatogenesis efficiency and characterize the ultrastrucure of Sertoli cells in goats. Eighteen goats were used and divided into three groups: Group I - goats without bipartition of the scrotum; Group II - animals with bipartition of the scrotum in up to 50% of the testicular length; Group III - goats with bipartition of the scrotum in more than 50% of the testicular length. The goat testes in Group III had a greater number of primary spermatocytes (25.37 +/- 4.55 cells per cross sections), spermatids (112 +/- 15.12 cells per cross sections), and Sertoli cells (9.46 +/- 1.74 cells per cross sections) than the animals in Groups land (P <0.05). The spermatogenic mitotic, meiotic, and general efficiency were greater in animals in Group III (1.25 +/- 0.28; 5.12 +/- 1.63; 6.44 +/- 1.96) when compared to those in Groups I and II. Sheet-like processes originated from the Sertoli cell body as simple and smooth structures which involved almost all the surface of germ cells. Slender cord-like processes originated from Sertoli cells and also from the sheet-like processes. The relative frequency of the cycle stages showed differences among the groups of goats studied, and the highest frequency was in Stage 3 (20.68% for goats in Group I, 21.15% for those in Group II, and 16.89% for the animals in Group III). In conclusion, goats with bipartition of the scrotum have a greater number of germ and Sertoli cells per cross section of seminiferous tubule, that indicated a greater sperm production when compared to the other groups, and the ultrastructure of the Sertoli cell process did not present any relationship with bipartition of the scrotum. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.