Archives littéraires de l'Europe : ou Mélanges de littérature, d'histoire et de philosophie par une société de gens de lettres : suivis d'une Gazette littéraire universelle

1805/07 (T7)-1805/09.

Archives littéraires de l'Europe : ou Mélanges de littérature, d'histoire et de philosophie par une société de gens de lettres : suivis d'une Gazette littéraire universelle

1807/10 (T16)-1807/12.

Archives littéraires de l'Europe : ou Mélanges de littérature, d'histoire et de philosophie par une société de gens de lettres : suivis d'une Gazette littéraire universelle

Variante(s) de titre : Mélanges de littérature, d'histoire et de philosophie

Archives littéraires de l'Europe : ou Mélanges de littérature, d'histoire et de philosophie par une société de gens de lettres : suivis d'une Gazette littéraire universelle

1804/04 (T2)-1804/06.

Archives littéraires de l'Europe : ou Mélanges de littérature, d'histoire et de philosophie par une société de gens de lettres : suivis d'une Gazette littéraire universelle

1805/01 (T5)-1805/03.

Archives littéraires de l'Europe : ou Mélanges de littérature, d'histoire et de philosophie par une société de gens de lettres : suivis d'une Gazette littéraire universelle

1805/10 (T8)-1805/12.

Archives littéraires de l'Europe : ou Mélanges de littérature, d'histoire et de philosophie par une société de gens de lettres : suivis d'une Gazette littéraire universelle

1806/07 (T11)-1806/09.

Archives littéraires de l'Europe : ou Mélanges de littérature, d'histoire et de philosophie par une société de gens de lettres : suivis d'une Gazette littéraire universelle

1807/04 (T14)-1807/06.

Archives littéraires de l'Europe : ou Mélanges de littérature, d'histoire et de philosophie par une société de gens de lettres : suivis d'une Gazette littéraire universelle

1804/07 (T3)-1804/09.

Archives littéraires de l'Europe : ou Mélanges de littérature, d'histoire et de philosophie par une société de gens de lettres : suivis d'une Gazette littéraire universelle

1804/10 (T4)-1804/12.

Archives littéraires de l'Europe : ou Mélanges de littérature, d'histoire et de philosophie par une société de gens de lettres : suivis d'une Gazette littéraire universelle

1804/01 (T1)-1804/03.

Universal Service Policies in Europe & Latam: Evidence on Bridging the Divide in Rural Areas

Broadband access is a key factor for economic and social development. However, providing broadband to rural areas is not attractive to private telecommunications operators due its low or zero investment return. To deal with broadband provision in rural areas, different governance systems based on private and public cooperation have appeared. This paper not only identifies and defines public and private cooperation models but also assesses their impact on overcoming the digital divide in rural areas. The results show that public ownership infrastructure under private management policy has had positive effects on reducing the broadband digital divide and being applied to areas with higher digital divide; subsides to private operators providers only positive effects on reducing broadband digital divide; but public infrastructure with public management programs did not. The results, obtained using quasi-experimental methods, suggest the importance of incentives and control mechanisms in broadband universal service provision plans.

Research networks and inventors’ mobility as drivers of innovation evidence from Europe

We investigate the importance of the labour mobility of inventors, as well as the scale, extent and density of their collaborative research networks, for regional innovation outcomes. To do so, we apply a knowledge production function framework at the regional level and include inventors’ networks and their labour mobility as regressors. Our empirical approach takes full account of spatial interactions by estimating a spatial lag model together, where necessary, with a spatial error model. In addition, standard errors are calculated using spatial heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation consistent estimators to ensure their robustness in the presence of spatial error autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity of unknown form. Our results point to the existence of a robust positive correlation between intraregional labour mobility and regional innovation, whilst the relationship with networks is less clear. However, networking across regions positively correlates with a region’s innovation intensity.

The Association of H1N1 Pandemic Influenza with Congenital Anomaly Prevalence in Europe: An Ecological Time Series Study.

BACKGROUND: In the context of the European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies (EUROCAT) surveillance response to the 2009 influenza pandemic, we sought to establish whether there was a detectable increase of congenital anomaly prevalence among pregnancies exposed to influenza seasons in general, and whether any increase was greater during the 2009 pandemic than during other seasons. METHODS: We performed an ecologic time series analysis based on 26,967 pregnancies with nonchromosomal congenital anomaly conceived from January 2007 to March 2011, reported by 15 EUROCAT registries. Analysis was performed for EUROCAT-defined anomaly subgroups, divided by whether there was a prior hypothesis of association with influenza. Influenza season exposure was based on World Health Organization data. Prevalence rate ratios were calculated comparing pregnancies exposed to influenza season during the congenital anomaly-specific critical period for embryo-fetal development to nonexposed pregnancies. RESULTS: There was no evidence for an increased overall prevalence of congenital anomalies among pregnancies exposed to influenza season. We detected an increased prevalence of ventricular septal defect and tricuspid atresia and stenosis during pandemic influenza season 2009, but not during 2007-2011 influenza seasons. For congenital anomalies, where there was no prior hypothesis, the prevalence of tetralogy of Fallot was strongly reduced during influenza seasons. CONCLUSIONS: Our data do not suggest an overall association of pandemic or seasonal influenza with congenital anomaly prevalence. One interpretation is that apparent influenza effects found in previous individual-based studies were confounded by or interacting with other risk factors. The associations of heart anomalies with pandemic influenza could be strain specific.