Human capital as a factor of growth and employment at the regional level. The case of Spain

We use statistical techniques to quantify the effects of school attainment on individual wages, participation rates and employment probabilities in Spain, and to measure the contribution of education to labour productivity at the regional level. These estimates are then combined with data on private and public expenditure on education and with information on taxes and social benefits to construct measures of the private and social returns to schooling, to explore the effects of public policies on private incentives to invest in human capital, and to analyse the long-term effects of schooling on public finances. The results are used, together with estimates of the returns to alternative assets, to draw some tentative conclusions regarding the adequacy of the aggregate investment patterns observed in the regions of Spain, and to identify changes in the design of national and EU cohesion and growth policies that may help enhance their effectiveness.

Espécies novas do Herbário do Dr. Adolpho Lutz: Melastomataceae Tibouchina Lutzii Brade n.sp

A posição desta espécie é após Tibouchina floribunda Cogn. No hábito assemelha-se a Tibouchina Schwackei Cogn. mas distingue-se bem desta pelo revestimento diferente e a côr alva da página inferior da folha.

Bromeliaceae do Herbário do Dr. Adolpho Lutz: Encholirium Lutzii L. B. Smith n. sp

Encholirium Lutzii is distinguished from the majority of species by its branched inflorescence. Only E. horridum L. B. Smith and rarely E. spectabile Martius exhibit this character, but have much larger flowers than E. Lutzii and stout floral axes. Also the wing of the seed in E. horridum is very long-caudate. We feel that it is particularly appropriate to dedicate this new species to Dr. Adolpho Lutz because of his great discoveries in the biological relationships of the Bromeliaceae.

La estela de Orfeo: poética de la trascendencia en Juan Eduardo Cirlot

El presente trabajo explora la figura de Orfeo y la corriente del orfismo con la finalidad de establecer una nueva interpretación del mito a nivel psicológico, histórico y filosófico. El resultado pretende servir de base para el estudio de la poesía en poetas contemporáneos que aluden a dicho mito, que lo reescriben para crear su propia versión o bien que lo utilizan de herramienta para elaborar su poética personal. En este caso se toma como ejemplo la obra del poeta español Juan Eduardo Cirlot, que es analizada desde el punto de vista de lo que se ha concluido en llamar “órfico”.

La práctica médico-quirúrgica en la primera generación del movimiento "novator" a través de las obras de Juan Bautista Juanini (Milán, 1632 - Madrid, 1691): imagen historiográfica, saberes médicos y prácticas quirúrgicas

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es realizar un nuevo acercamiento a la figura histórica, la obra y, en concreto, la práctica médico-quirúrgica de un autor hispanoitaliano de finales del siglo XVII. Nos referimos concretamente al cirujano cortesano Juan Bautista Juanini (Milán, 1632 – Madrid, 1691). Como objetivo secundario se trataría de intentar realizar una nueva presentación biográfica del autor dentro de una recapitulación más general del papel que representó en el contexto de la revolución científica y médica de los países del sur de Europa, y en concreto entre los miembros de la primera generación de "novatores" hispánicos.

Cultured human fetal astrocytes can be induced by interferon-gamma to express HLA-DR.

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) modulates the expression of Class II major histocompatibility antigens (MHC), thus providing a potential regulatory mechanism for local immune reactivity in the context of MHC-restricted antigen presentation. Within the central nervous system (CNS), the expression of MHC Class II antigens has been demonstrated on human reactive astrocytes and glioma cells. In order to investigate the modulation of HLA-DR on normal astrocytes, two cell lines were grown from a 20-week-old fetal brain. In situ none of the fetal brain cells expressed HLA-DR as determined by immunohistology on frozen tissue sections. The two cell lines, FB I and FB II, expressed GFAP indicating their astrocytic origin. FB I was HLA-DR negative at the first tissue culture passages, but could be induced to express HLA-DR when treated with 500 U/ml IFN-gamma. FB II was spontaneously HLA-DR positive in the early passages, lost the expression of this antigen after 11 passages and could also be induced to express HLA-DR by IFN-gamma. The induction of HLA-DR expression was demonstrated both by a binding RIA and by immunoprecipitation using a monoclonal antibody (MAB) directed against a monomorphic determinant of HLA-DR. The HLA-DR alloantigens were determined on FB II cells after IFN-gamma treatment, by immunofluorescence and by cytotoxicity assays, and were shown to be DR4, DR6, Drw52, DRw53 and DQwl. These results show that human fetal astrocytes can be induced to express HLA-DR by IFN-gamma in vitro and support the concept that astrocytes may function as antigen-presenting cells.

El largo viaje de Juan Preciado: propuesta de lectura de la novela Pedro Páramo desde la mitología nahua

Nuestro trabajo pretende abrir una nueva línea de análisis de la novela de Juan Rulfo Pedro Páramo que explore el arquetipo de la muerte que se esconde en el recorrido que realiza el protagonista de la novela, Juan Preciado, por el fantasmal pueblo de Comala, a través del mito nahua que narra el viaje del alma desencarnada al inframundo, al Mictlán

Tragedia contemporánea y su posibilidad: Himmelweg de Juan Mayorga

Utilizando como ejemplo la obra Himmelweg, de Juan Mayorga, se pretende demostrar la existencia de la tragedia en el drama contemporáneo, estableciendo, primero, la posibilidad de un sentimiento trágico actual y, segundo, las bases de la dramaturgia contemporánea tras la crisis del drama expuesta por Peter Szondi.

The Early Cretaceous San Juan Plutonic Suite, Ecuador: A magma chamber in an oceanic plateau ?

Sections through an oceanic plateau are preserved in tectonic slices in the Western Cordillera of Ecuador (South America). The San Juan section is a sequence of mafic-ultramafic cumulates. To establish that these plutonic rocks formed in an oceanic plateau setting, we have developed criteria that discriminate intrusions of oceanic plateaus from those of other tectonic settings. The mineralogy and crystallization sequence of the cumulates are similar to those of intra-plate magmas. Clinopyroxene predominates throughout, and orthopyroxene is only a minor component. Rocks of intermediate composition are absent, and hornblende is restricted to the uppermost massive gabbros within the sequence. The ultramafic cumulates are very depleted in light rare-earth elements (LREE), whereas the gabbros have flat or slightly enriched LREE patterns. The composition of the basaltic liquid in equilibrium with the peridotite, calculated using olivine compositions and REE contents of clinopyroxene, contains between 16% and 8% MgO and has a flat REE pattern. This melt is geochemically similar to other accreted oceanic plateau basalts, isotropic gabbros, and differentiated sills in western Ecuador. The Ecuadorian intrusive and extrusive rocks have a narrow range of epsilonNd(i) (+8 to +5) and have a rather large range of Pb isotopic ratios. Pb isotope systematics of the San Juan plutonic rocks and mineral separates lie along a mixing line between the depleted mantle (DMM) and the enriched-plume end members. This suggests that the Ecuadorian plutonic rocks generated from the mixing of two mantle sources, a depleted mid-oceanic ridge basalt (MORB) source and an enriched one. The latter is characterized by high (Pb-207/Pb-204)(i) ratios and could reflect a contamination by recycled either lower continental crust or oceanic pelagic sediments and (or) altered oceanic crust (enriched mantle type I, EMI). These data suggest that the San Juan sequence represents the plutonic components of an Early Cretaceous oceanic plateau, which accreted in the Late Cretaceous to the Ecuadorian margin.