Preschool children and excess weight: the impact of a low complexity intervention in public day care centers

Introduction: childhood obesity is a major public health problem, affecting children even at early ages. Objective: to assess the impact of dietary intervention and relatively simple physical activity on the nutritional state of preschoolers. Method: this was an intervention study in public daycare centers targeting children from 2 to 4 years of age, in the State of São Paulo. The sample consisted of 9 daycare centers covering 578 children, with 264 children in the intervention group (IG) and 314 in the comparison group (CG). Intervention was focused on modifications in diet and physical activity, avoiding overloading the routine of daycare centers, for duration of one year. A zBMI score > 1 (zBMI) and < 2 was considered risk of being overweight, and > 2 zBMI was considered excess weight (overweight and obese). Analysis was done by frequency calculations, comparisons of proportions by χ2, mean comparisons by t-student and calculations according to Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: IG showed an inverse correlation between the initial zBMI of the children and the difference with the zBMI at the end of the intervention (rP = -0.39, p <0.0001). The mean difference of zBMI of the overweight children in IG between the beginning and the end of the study period was negative (-0.46 z score), indicating weight reduction, while the children in the CG was positive (+0. 17 z score) (p = 0.0037). Conclusion: intervention in diet and physical activity in overweight preschool children in daycare centers could have a favorable impact on the evolution of their nutritional state.

Controle de qualidade em equipamentos de tomografia computadorizada

The computed tomography, devised by Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack, is in its fourth decade of the clinical use and has presented to be a very useful tool in the diagnosis of several pathologies. For this reason, its use is increasing each day, due to technological progress since its creation. Due to be more and more utilized, the equipment must be in good operating conditions, because it is subject to variance and wearing, damage the quality of diagnosis. To evaluate whether the performance of the scanner remains constant along the time and the dose received by the patient is within the desired limits, periodic tests of quality control must be performed. For this subject, the regulation 453 (June 01, 1998) was created, which determines the need of the implementation of a program for quality assurance (PGQ), where, in addition to the tests of quality control, are established the necessary measurements for the proper functioning of the equipment, generating a trustworthy diagnosis, reducing the dose for the patient and the costs. In this document, are presented tests of quality control carried out in hospitals of the city of Sao Paulo carried out together with the Technical Section of Applications by Imaging Diagnostic (STADI) of the Institute of Electrotechnics and Energy of the University of São Paulo (IEE/USP)

Small hospitals matter: insights from the emergence and spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in 2 public hospitals in inner Brazil

Although vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are reported in Brazil since 1996, data on their impact over settings of different complexity are scarce. We performed a study aimed at identifying determinants ofVRE emergence and spread in a public hospital consortium (comprising 2 hospitals, with 318 and 57 beds) in inner Brazil. Molecular typing and case-control studies (addressing predictors of acquisition or clonality) were performed. Among 122 authocthonous isolates, 106 were Enterococcus faecium (22 clones), and 16, Enterococcus faecalis (5 clones). Incidence was greater in the small-sized hospital, and a previous admission to this hospital was associated with greater risk of VRE colonization or infection during admission to the larger one. Overall risk factors included comorbidities, procedures, and antimicrobials (piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, and imipenem). Risk factors varied among different hospitals, species, and clones. Our findings demonstrate that VRE can spread within low-complexity facilities and from these to larger hospitals. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The ant fauna of hospitals: advancements in public health and research priorities in Brazil

Ants inhabit several types of natural and urban habitats, where they successfully nest. In urban environments, the hospitals should be considered priority for studies, as ants pose risks to human health due to their pathogen carrying potential. We aimed at surveying the literature about studies on ants in hospital settings in Brazil in the past 20 years. We found 40 papers in 22 journals, the first one published in 1993. Among them, 26 papers assessed pathogenic microorganisms on ants. We recorded 59 ant species, being Tapinoma melanocephalum the most common. The Minas Gerais and Sao Paulo states had the largest number of published papers. Mato Grosso do Sul and Rio Grande do Sul showed the highest number of species. Exotic ant species were recorded in all states, except Goias. Considering the potential to carry microorganisms and the importance of thorough studies on the ecology of ant species, our results can support and guide further research in Brazil. (C) 2015 Sociedade Brasileira de Entomologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin and abamectin, administered orally for seven consecutive days (100 mu g/kg/day), against nematodes in naturally infected pigs

The present study aimed to evaluate ivermectin and abamectin, both administered orally in naturally infected domestic swine, as well as analysing if the EPG (eggs per gram of faeces) values were equivalent with the ivermectin and abamectin efficacy obtained by 'parasitological necropsies. The animals were randomly selected based on the average of three consecutive EPG counts of Strongylida, Ascaris suum and Trichuris for experiment I, and of Strongylida and Trichuris for experiment II. After the random draw, eight animals were treated, orally, during seven consecutive days with 100 mu g/kg/day ivermectin (Ivermectina (R) premix, Ouro Fino Agronegocios), eight other animals were treated, orally, during seven consecutive days with 100 mu g/kg/clay abamectin (Virbamax (R) premix - Virbac do Brasil Industria e Comercio Ltda.), and eight pigs were kept as controls. EPG counts were performed for each individual animal at 14th day post-treatment (DPT). All animals (control and treatment) were necropsied at the 14th DPT. The results from both experiments demonstrate that both ivermectin and abamectin, administered orally for a continuous period of seven days, at a daily dosage of 100 mu g/kg, were highly effective (>95%) against Hyostrongylus rubidus, Strongyloides ransomi, Ascaris suum and Metastrongylus salmi. Against Oesophagostomum dentatum, abamectin presented over 95% efficacy against both evaluated strains, while ivermectin reached other strain as resistant. Regarding T. suis, both ivermectin and abamectin were effective (efficacies >90%) against one of the tested strains, while the other one was classified as resistant. Furthermore, the EPG values were equivalent with the ivermectin and abamectin efficacy obtained by parasitological necropsies. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cutaneous sensibility impairmentafter mandibular sagittal split osteotomy: a prospective clinical study of the spontaneous recovery

Purpose The aim of this prospective study was to objectively evaluate the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) sensory disturbances in patients who underwent sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) and its spontaneous recovery and to define the incidence of sensibility loss, time, and area at which the recovery occurs. Patients and Methods Clinical evaluation of the IAN sensory disturbance was undertaken preoperatively and at the first week, fourth week, 2 months, and 6 months postoperatively in 30 patients who underwent SSRO at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Division of the Araraquara Dental School--Unesp and at the Plastic Surgery Division of the Medical Sciences School--Unicamp. The 30 patients were examined at all periods regarding the IAN functionality by Semmes-Weinstein testing. Results The mean age of the patients included in this study was 29.36 years old. All patients showed sensibility loss at the 7-day evaluation time. The comparison between sides, gender, and age did not show any significant difference. In most of the examined zone, the data collected at 6 months were statistically similar to the data collected at the preoperative period. All zones presented significant recovery, starting from 30 days after surgery. Twenty patients had total spontaneous recovery at the final period, in all examined zones. Conclusions The SSRO presents the disadvantage of temporary paresthesia; however, spontaneous nerve function recovery does occur. The Semmes-Weinstein test is a reliable, inexpensive, and easy-to-apply tool, which can be used for clinical evaluation on a daily basis at offices and hospitals.

Sodium nitrite prevents both reductions in circulating nitric oxide and hypertension in 7-day lead-treated rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Expression of estrus modifies the gene expression profile in reproductive tissues on Day 19 of gestation in beef cows

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Diet formulation techniques and lysine requirements of 1-to 22-day-old broilers

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

IANR Day

We are called to great work, you and I. We are called to fulfill the mission of the land-grant university, and I consider that as much a distinct honor as it is a serious responsibility. I am so pleased to be able to meet that honor and that responsibility by working with all of you, and I’m delighted to talk with you today. While I haven’t had the opportunity to meet everyone in this room, I’ve certainly been glad for all the opportunities that have arisen to meet some of you. And I look forward to getting to know others. I am excited to be here in Nebraska, and I’m enthusiastic about all I think we can do, working together, to advance the mission of the Instituted and the University, and to be of service to the citizens of Nebraska.

Plattsmouth Rotary February Meeting (Farmer's Day Program)

Good afternoon. It's a pleasure to be with you here in Plattsmouth today, and I am particularly pleased to be part of your Farmer's Day program. Because I am so new to Nebraska and the University of Nebraska Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, I am trying to learn as much as I can about how the Institute connects with the state, annd how you feel we can be an even better partner with Nebraska. I'm curious about our work in each Nebraska county, and because I was coming to Cass County today, I asked those I work with for some figures on how the Institute is part of the lives of Cass Countians.

UAAD Founders' Day

Because today is the birthday of Thomas Edison who was born in 1847 in Ohio, I suppose that you would expect me as today's speaker to have a special obligation to be inventive. Some of you probably know that for several years, Edison's birthday has been observed as National Science Youth Day, which sounds to me like a rather interesting invention itself. Youth is not a science and science is certainly not a youth, but I am perfectly willing to go along with the national celebration and wish a happy birthday to any science youth that I might happen to encounter. I would encourage you to do the same.

Panhandle Research and Extension Center Field Day

Commodity trader. Financial analyst. Human resources director. Marketing analyst. Lending officer. Stockbroker. Public relations specialist. Zookeeper. Nutritionist. These are only a few of the varied careers recent College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources graduates are pursuing these days. Exciting, fulfilling careers for which the College of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources - we call the college CASNR for short - provides a tremendous educational base that students can build on for their lives.

2006 East Campus Arbor Day Celebration

It cannot be lost on those of us present here today that Nebraska, the land of tall skies and wide prairies, where early settlers saw grass roll to the horizon broken only by the call of the lark, is the home of Arbor Day. Nebraska is, indeed, the tree planter state.

2007 East Campus Arbor Day Celebration

As we celebrate Arbor Day, it seems fitting to begin with a J. Sterling Morton quote. "The cultivation of trees is the cultivation of the good, the beautiful, and the ennobling in man,” Morton once said, adding, "and for one, I wish to see it become universal."