Silver nanocrystals modified microstructured polymer optical fibres for chemical and optical sensing

In-fibre chemical and optical sensors based on silver nanocrystals modified microstructured polymer optical fibres (MPOFs) were demonstrated. The silver nanocrystals modified MPOFs were formed by direct chemical reduction of silver ammonia complex ions on the templates of array holes in the microstructure polymer optical fibres. The nanotube-like and nanoisland-like Ag-modified MPOFs could be obtained by adjusting the conditions of Ag-formation in the air holes of MPOFs. SEM images showed that the higher concentration of the reaction solution (silver ammonia 0.5 mol/L, glucose 0.25 mol/L), gave rise to a tubular silver layer in MPOF, while the lower concentration (silver ammonia 0.1 M, glucose 0.05 M) produced an island-like Ag nanocrystal modified MPOF. The tubular Ag-MPOF composite fibre was conductive and could be directly used as array electrodes in electrochemical analyses. It displayed high electrochemical activity on sensing nitrate or nitrite ions. The enhanced fluorescence of dye molecules was observed when the island-like Ag-modified MPOF was inserted into a fluorescent dye solution. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fluorescence pH probe based on microstructured polymer optical fiber

A kind of optical pH sensor was demonstrated that is based on a pH-sensitive fluorescence dye-doped (eosin) cellulose acetate (CA) thin-film modified microstructured polymer optical fiber (MPOF). It was obtained by directly inhaling an eosin-CA-acetic acid mixed solution into array holes in a MPOF and then removing the solvent (acetic acid). The sensing film showed different fluorescence intensities to different pH solutions in a pH range of 2.5-4.5. Furthermore, the pH response range could be tailored through doping a surfactant, hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), in the sensing film. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America.

染料掺杂聚合物薄膜的激光行为研究

自20世纪60年代发展到现在，激光技术发展的速度十分惊人，应用的范围不断拓展，近年来随着有机/聚合物电致发光材料在有机发光二极管上的应用以及有机晶体管和有机太阳能电池的研制成功，科学家们开始了有机/聚合物材料放大自发发射和激光发射行为的研究。到目前为止，已经开发出了这种廉价、可以大面积成膜的、具有更广泛应用范围的有机/聚合物固体激光材料及光泵浦激光器。有机/聚合物激光器的出现不仅向传统激光理论提出了新的挑战，而且具有诸多潜在的应用价值。可以断言，在21世纪知识经济的大潮中，有机/聚合物激光器的研究必将推动传统学科的发展和新兴学科形成，也必将为人类带来巨大的经济效益。新的有机激光材料不断涌现、器件结构不断推陈出新、新的激发原理不断提出并得到修正已经成为有机/聚合物固体激光研究领域的三大特点。本论文进行了利用Förster能量传递对荧光染料DCJTB放大自发发射行为的优化、基于放大自发发射的红光染料DCJTB掺杂聚合物薄膜的白光发射、多孔结构对荧光染料放大自发发射行为的优化以及基于纳米结构的荧光染料DCJTB掺杂聚合物薄膜的激光行为等方面的研究工作，具体研究内容如下: 1、利用Förster能量传递理论，系统地研究了两种或三种染料共掺杂聚合物薄膜的放大自发发射（ASE）行为。研究表明，两种染料共掺杂显著改善了掺杂聚合物薄膜的ASE阈值、增益和损耗特性，而三种染料共掺杂，由于更多的Förster能量传递，使掺杂聚合物薄膜的ASE阈值、增益和损耗性能得到了进一步的改善。将Alq3和C545T两种绿光染料同时掺杂到DCJTB：PS中，通过利用Alq3和C545T同时的能量传递效应，已经使Alq3:C545T:DCJTB：PS薄膜的阈值、增益和损耗分别达到了0.007 mJ/pulse、52 cm-1和7 cm-1。 2、将红色荧光染料DCJTB掺杂到蓝色聚合物PFO中，通过控制DCJTB在PFO中的浓度，我们获得了具有放大自发发射的白光发射，当DCJTB在PFO的掺杂浓度为0.3%时显示了最好的白光ASE特性， 白光中DCJTB和PFO发射的阈值、增益和损耗分别达到了0.072 mJ pulse-1，0.035 mJ pulse-1；36.3 cm-1，22.35 cm-1和7.39 cm-1，15.88 cm-1。我们的结果表明，DCJTB掺杂聚合物PFO体系是实现ASE白光发射的有效方法，拓展了ASE的应用范围。 3、开发出了二维多孔SBA-15和三维TiO2反蛋白石光子晶体两种实现有机ASE有效发射的两种结构，通过利用有序结构的SBA-15的量子限域效应优化了蓝光染料C151的ASE阈值、增益和损耗特性，而通过利用三维TiO2反蛋白石光子晶体的量子限域效应，也使包埋其中的绿光染料C545T的ASE特性得到了明显改善。研究表明，无论是二维SBA-15多孔结构还是三维TiO2反蛋白石光子晶体结构，通过其量子限域效应都能很好地优化包埋其中的荧光染料的ASE特性，为进一步优化有机半导体的ASE特性提供了新的思路。 4、将聚苯乙烯纳米球分散到DCJTB:PS薄膜中和把DCJTB:PS薄膜旋涂在ZnO纳米柱阵列上两种方法，我们已经成功地研制出了多模随机有机激光发射器件。详细研究表明，多模随机有机激光发射特性显著地与聚苯乙烯纳米球的尺寸和浓度以及ZnO纳米柱的疏密程度密切相关，优化后的聚苯乙烯纳米球掺杂DCJTB:PS薄膜的阈值已经达到了0.06 mJ pulse-1cm-2，而ZnO纳米柱包埋DCJTB:PS薄膜的阈值达到了0.375 mJ pulse-1cm-2。我们的结果表明，聚苯乙烯纳米球和ZnO纳米柱都是实现随机有机激光的非常好的散射介质材料。

Photocatalytic degradation of AZO dyes by supported TiO2+UVin aqueous solution

The photocatalytic degradation performance of photocatalysts TiO2 supported on 13-X, Na-Y, 4A zeolites with different loading content was evaluated using the photocatalytic oxidation of dyes direct fast scarlet 4BS and acid red 3B in aqueous medium. The results showed that the best reaction dosage of TiO2-zeolite catalysts is about 2 g/l and the photocatalytic kinetics follows first order for all supported catalysts. The photocatalytic activity order of the three series catalysts is 13X type >Y type >4A type. The physical state of titanium dioxide on the supports is evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET, and FTIR. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

染料脱色菌株筛选及染料脱色作用研究

染料废水成分复杂，色度高，是主要的环境污染源之一。应用微生物对染料废水脱色具有处理费用低和操作管理方便等优势，具有较好的发展前景。 本文采用筛选到一株短刺小克银汉霉(Cuuninghamella echinulata) KM3及一株红酵母(Rhodotorula sp.)YR-1分别对偶氮染料刚果红废水和酸性红废水进行了脱色研究，同时利用KM3及YR-1组成的复合菌种脱色体系对酸性红废水进行了脱色实验，为染料脱色真菌的应用奠定了基础。 KM3形成的菌丝球对多种染料具有较好脱色效果。KM3最适菌丝球形成条件：pH6-7、装液量90ml、孢子悬液浓度105个/ml (接种5ml)、摇床转速120rpm、培养温度30℃、培养时间72h；成球机理为凝聚型发育。KM3菌丝球对刚果红最佳脱色条件为：染料溶液初始pH值7.0，温度为33℃，摇床转速为120rpm。在刚果红50~200mg/l 浓度范围内， KM3菌丝球对刚果红吸附脱色动力学可用拟二级动力学方程描述。菌丝球对刚果红的吸附行为符合Langmuir和Freundlich 等温方程模型，Langmuir方程能更好的描述菌丝球对刚果红的吸附行为。丙酮对刚果红的解吸率最高，其解吸动力学过程符合二级动力学方程。将KM3应用在真菌生物滤床反应器中，在非灭菌和灭菌情况下接种孢子悬液后处理刚果红废水的过程中，均需长时间挂膜，处理效果一般。反应器中投加菌丝球后处理刚果红废水在3小时内达到92%以上的脱色效果。 YR-1对酸性红脱色机制属于降解脱色。YR-1对酸性红的最佳脱色培养条件为：初始pH 5.0、接种量5%、温度30℃；最佳碳源是葡萄糖，其次是蔗糖；最佳氮源是酵母膏或蛋白胨。在替换分批脱色实验和连续补料脱色实验中，脱色率一直保持在75%以上，显示YR-1在上述脱色体系中均具有良好适应性。 在三种复合菌种对酸性红的脱色体系中，体系Ⅲ（菌丝球与海藻酸钠固定化的酵母细胞混合培养）的脱色效果可达98%以上。对该体系而言，3种粒径固定化酵母小球（Ø1.1mm、1.8mm、3.1mm）中Ø1.8mm、3.1mm小球脱色率较为理想，而酵母细胞初始密度对脱色效果的影响不大。 KM3、YR-1分别具有处理刚果红废水和酸性红废水的应用前景，而KM3与YR-1联合应用对酸性红的脱色效果更好。

Detection of Copper Ion with Laser-Induced Fluorescence in A Capillary Electrophoresis Microchip

A capillary electrophoresis microchip coupled with a confocal laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector was successfully constructed for the analysis of trace amounts of heavy metals in environmental sources. A new fluorescence dye, RBPhOH, synthesized from rhodamine B, was utilized in a glass microchip to selectively determine copper with high sensitivity. A series of factors including running buffer concentration, detection voltage, and sample loading time were optimized for maximum LIF detector response and, hence, method sensitivity.

超声与磁粉强化含单宁废水生物处理研究

单宁是一种典型的有毒难降解污染物，在制革、造纸、制药、印染等行业废水中广泛存在，对水环境造成污染并且影响废水生物处理效果。本研究针对含单宁废水生物处理效率低、较高浓度时微生物受抑制且污泥容易膨胀等问题，采用超声和磁粉来强化含单宁废水生物处理，研究超声和磁粉对微生物活性、污染物去除及污泥沉降性能的影响，并对其作用机理进行了分析和探讨。 研究结果表明，活性污泥系统中单宁酸容积负荷可以达到1.8kgCOD/(m3·d)，单宁酸和COD去除率分别达到85.2%和79.6%，但如果负荷进一步增大则微生物活性迅速降低。系统在pH 5~8、温度20~35℃、DO>1 mg/L的条件下具有较好的单宁酸降解效果和处理稳定性。单宁降解动力学参数为：μmax =0.208h-1；Ks=226mg/L；Ki=522mg/L；kd=0.0092h-1；Y =0.594。 磁粉对系统处理效果和污泥沉降性能有一定的促进作用，且效果要优于外磁场。适宜的磁粉粒径和投加量分别为0.05~0.15mm和1.0g/L，COD去除率比对照系统提高6.4%，SVI降低28.6%，污泥絮体结构紧密。磁粉强化主要是通过其对污泥菌胶团的凝聚、吸附作用以及对微生物活性的强化作用实现。 在适当强度（0.4W/cm2）和辐照时间（20min）的超声作用下污泥絮体和细胞膜通透性增大，酶分泌也增多，系统的COD去除率比对照提高了8.8%，单宁酶酶活提高了11%。但超声也使污泥絮体结构松散，沉降性能下降，SVI比对照系统升高9.3%。 由于污泥流失加剧导致污泥浓度相对较低，声磁联合强化系统相对于磁粉强化系统其处理效果并没有提高。但相对于单纯活性污泥系统，声磁联合作用下系统处理效果、污泥沉降性能以及系统运行稳定性都得到明显改善。本研究为难降解废水的生物处理提供了一个新的思路。 Tannins are typical refractory and toxic pollutants that commonly exist in wastewater from dye, medicine, paper and leather industries and cause many problems associated with environmental pollution and biological treatment of wastewater. Biological treatment efficiency of tannin-containing wastewater is usually low owing to its biological toxicity and low biodegradability, microbes are usually inhibited under high tannin concentration and sludge bulking frequently occurs. In this study, ultrasound and magnetic powder were used to improve the biological treatment performance of simulated tannic acid-containing wastewater. The effects of ultrasonic irradiation and magnetic powder on microbial activity, tannic acid degradation rate and sludge sedimentation were investigated. The augmentation mechanisms were analyzed and discussed. The experimental results showed that the microbes were prominently inhibited under high tannic acid concentration, but moderate degradation efficiency can be maintained under a tannic acid load of up to 1.8kgCOD/(m3·d), with the tannic acid degradation and COD removal percentage of 85.2% and 79.6% respectively. The highest degradation rates and treatment stability were achieved at pH range of 5~8, temperature range of 20~35℃ and DO concentration of above 1mg/L. The kinetic parameters were estimated, including: μmax =0.208h-1；Ks=226mg/L；Ki=522mg/L；kd=0.0092h-1；Y =0.594. The microbial activity, tannic acid degradation rate and sludge sedimentation were improved by adding Fe3O4 magnetic powder, and the augmentation performance was better than external magnetic field. The appropriate particle size and dosage of magnetic powder were found to be 0.05~0.15mm and 1.0g/L, respectively, under which the COD removal percentage was improved by 6.4% and SVI value decreased by 28.6%, and compact floc structure was observed. This was mainly caused by the flocculation and adsorption effects of magnetic powder against sludge floc and the stimulation of microbial activity under appropriate magnetic field. Under appropriate ultrasonic irradiation (ultrasonic intensity 0.4W/cm2, ultrasonic irradiation time 20min), the permeability of floc and cell membrane are improved, transfer of substrate and oxygen were reinforced; meanwhile, more enzyme were produced by microbes under the slight damage caused by ultrasound. However, the floc structure became loose under ultrasonic irradiation, leading to relatively poor sedimentation, with the SVI value 9.3% higher than the control system. Although the magnetic powder-ultrasonic irradiation combined augmentation system showed no improvement in treatment performance compared with sole magnetic augmentation system owing to its relatively low sludge concentration, it guaranteed the stable operation of system, meanwhile the tannic acid degradation and sludge sedimentation were significantly improved compared with sole activated sludge system. This study gives a new idea for biological treatment of refractory wastewater.

齐墩果酸的微生物转化

齐墩果酸（OA）是一个分布广泛、含量丰富的天然三萜化合物，常以皂苷元的形式广泛存在于植物中,具有多种重要生物活性。但是OA许多活性较弱，且生物利用度低，限制了其在临床上的应用。一是OA水溶性差;二是抗癌活性仍与临床应用的抗癌药物相差比较大。 真菌在微生物转化中具有种类多、培养条件比较简单等特点，为了寻找到具有转化OA能力的菌株，采取一步发酵的方法，在18株实验室保藏真菌菌株中筛选到5株目的菌株,TLC分析显示有转化效果。 随后采用二步发酵的方法作为复筛，验证5株菌株转化能力，波谱分析结果表明5株菌株对OA确实有转化作用。 选择5株菌种中代号1F-2 2菌株作为放大实验菌株，分离转化产物，得到OA衍生物108（相对分子量414m/z）和1010（相对分子量340 m/z），分离出的产物用于活性检测。寻找到产物108的RP-HPLC分离条件，质谱得出二者相对分子质量。 为验证OA转化产物抗肿瘤活性，首次研究了OA对卵巢癌细胞株IGROV1和人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231作用，通过细胞增殖抑制实验、用MTT法检测细胞活性，结果表明齐墩果酸可降低卵巢癌细胞株IGROV1和乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231细胞增殖能力并呈剂量依赖性，对肿瘤细胞株的半数有效抑制浓度化IC50 分别为36.58μg/mL和38.8μg/mL (P<0．01)。OA能抑制肿瘤细胞活性，并且OA对卵巢癌细胞株IGROV1抑制活性高于乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231。 在此基础上，转化产物108和1010对卵巢癌细胞株IGROV1和人乳腺癌细胞株MDA-MB-231的抑制作用也进行研究，MTT实验结果表明，转化产物对两株癌细胞也有抑制活性（P<0．01）。 总之，本文工作为进一步开展齐墩果酸类化合物结构改造和抗肿瘤活性的研究奠定了基础。 Oleanolic acid (OA) is a triterpenoid widely distributed in the nature which possesses various important bioactivities. OA also serves as aglycon of many natural saponins. However, the relatively weak activities and poor bioavailability hinder its clinical use. Firstly, poor water-solubility results in worse bioavailability. Secondly, compared with clinical antitumor drug, the antitumor effect of OA has a great difference, it is worse. Many fungi have ability to transform nature products into a variety of derivatives, and transformation conditions of fungi are simple. Attempt to obtain fungi strains able to biotransform OA, we carried out the following experiments: To investigate the biotransformation 0f OA by strains supplied firstly, we used one-step fermentation method to screen the aimed strains from 18 fungus strains stored in our laboratory. On the basis of the initial screening experiments, we found 5 aimed strains. The TLC results showed that the 5 fungi strains could transform OA into other components derivatives. Then we used two-step fermentation method as secondly screening. We repeated the five strains to do the experiments, analytical data of the results proved the transformation indeed. In the followed experiments work, we chose 1F-2 2 strain as large-scale transformation fungus from the aimed fungi. We got two biotransformation products of OA by 1F-2 2, and named those derivatives 108 and 1010. We found RP-HPLC separation conditions of product 108. The two products were characterized by ESI-MS. To verify the anti-tumor activity of biotransformation products of OA, we studied the inhibition effect of oleanolic acid on the ovarian carcinomas IGROV1 and breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 firstly. With an assay based on a tetrazolium dye (MTT), the effects of various concentrations of oleanolic acid on ovarian carcinomas IGROV1 and breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 were studied. MTT method was used to measure the tumor cells viability. Compared with the control group, oleanolic acid can significantly inhibit the viability of the ovarian carcinoma cells IGROV1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line (P<0．01), IC50 values were 36.58μg/mL or 38.8μg/mL. Oleanolic acid can inhibit the malignant tumor cells viability, and inhibitory activity of OA to ovarian carcinomas IGROV1 was higher than to breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. On this basis, we studied the anti-tumor activity of the two derivatives of OA [called 108 (414 m/z) and 1010(340 m/z)]. It came to the conclusion that the two derivatives also showed potent inhibitory effect on the growth of these tumor cells（P<0．01）. Therefore, the results of studies will benefit the further investigating on the relationships of structures and antitumor activities of OA.

Highly efficient separation of dsDNA fragments on glass chips by using an ultralow viscosity sieving matrix

A novel protocol has been established to separate dsDNA fragments with high efficiency on glass chips by using an ultralow viscosity sieving matrix with added glucose. Low-molecular-weight hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), with a viscosity nearly equivalent to that of water, was used to electrophoretically separate fluorescent inter-calator-labeled double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) fragments on microfluidic glass chips. In comparison with conventional sieving protocols, low-molecular-weight HPMC as sieving matrix could result in reduced running cost and analysis time, in addition to a comparable separation efficiency of dsDNA fragments. In this paper, the addition of glucose was investigated to enhance the separation of DNA in the lowest viscosity polymer evaluated. The effect of staining dye and field strength were also evaluated. At an applied electric field strength of 200 V/cm, satisfactory resolution of the PBR322/HaeIII DNA marker could be achieved within 4 min by using 2% HPMC-5 with 6% glucose added. Coelectrophoresing PCR product along with phiX174/HaeIII DNA sizing marker was also demonstrated by using the ultralow viscosity HPMC-5 solution on a glass chip.

Direct spectroscopic evidence for the specific property of aqueous core phase in black soap film

The microenvironment of the aqueous core phase in the black soap film of cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide with the anionic dye Brilliant Yellow as spectral probe has been studied by UV-vis spectroscopy. Under neutral and basic conditions, the dye aggregates in the films exist as both the acid and base forms in contrast to a preference of the base form in the bulk solutions. The specific property of black soap film, that the intrinsic pH value of the aqueous core phase insensitively responds to pH changes of the bulk solution, is directly observed through UV-vis spectra.

Highly efficient white organic light-emitting devices based on a multiple-emissive-layer structure

Characteristics of white organic light-emitting devices based on phosphor sensitized fluorescence are improved by using a multiple-emissive-layer structure, in which a phosphorescent blue emissive layer is sandwiched between red and green&yellow ones. In this device, bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C-2] (picolinato), bis(2,4-diphenyl-quinoline) iridium (III) acetylanetonate, fac bis (2-phenylpyridine) iridium, and 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene are used as blue, red, green, and yellow emitters, respectively.

Cationic Lipid Bilayer Coated Gold Nanoparticles-mediated Transfection of Mammalian Cells

Here, we demonstrated dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DODAB), a cationic lipid, bilayer coated Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) could efficiently deliver two types of plasmid DNA into human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293) in the presence of serum. The transfection efficiency of AuNPs was about five times higher than that of DODAB. The interaction of AuNPs with DNA was characterized with dye intercalation assay and agarose gel electrophoresis. The morphology of the complex of AuNPs with DNA was observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The intracellular trafficking of the complex was monitored with transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Glutathione-Mediated Release of Functional Plasmid DNA from Positively Charged Quantum Dots

DNA was efficiently bound to water-soluble positively charged CdTe quantum dots (QDs) through complementary electrostatic interaction. These QDs-DNA complexes were disrupted and DNA was released by glutathione (GSH) at intracellular concentrations. Interestingly, there was almost no detectable DNA released by extracellular concentration of GSH. The formation of QDs-DNA complexes and GSH-mediated DNA release from the complexes were confirmed by dye displacement assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments.

Coating Didodecyldimethylammonium Bromide onto Au Nanoparticles Increases the Stability of Its Complex with DNA

The stability of the complex of cationic lipid with nucleic acid, especially when facing serum, is crucial for the efficiency of gene delivery. Here, we demonstrated that the stability of the complex of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB, a cationic lipid) with DNA in the presence of serum dramatically increased after coating DDAB onto the surface of the gold nanoparticles. The stability of the complex was demonstrated with dye intercalation assay, and agarose gel electrophoresis.

Sensitive, Label-Free Protein Assay Using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Supported Microchip Electrophoresis with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection

Based on the dimer-monomer equilibrium movement of the fluorescent dye Pyronin Y (PY), a rapid, simple, highly sensitive, label-free method for protein detection was developed by microchip electrophoresis with LIF detection. PY formed a nonfluorescent dimer induced by the premicellar aggregation of an anionic surfactant, SDS, however, the fluorescence intensity of the system increased dramatically when proteins such as BSA, bovine hemoglobin, cytochrome c, and trypsin were added to the solution due to the transition of dimer to fluorescent monomer. Furthermore, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (EMImBF(4)) instead of PBS was applied as running buffers in microchip electrophoresis.