992 resultados para Corporal Strength
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Cuttings in heavily overconsolidated clays are known to be susceptible to progressive deformation caused by creep and fatigue that usually begins at the toe of the slope. The progressive deformation leads to strength reduction with time at constant stress (or called softening) and could be accelerated by fluctuation of groundwater level associated with more extreme rainfall events predicted through climate change. The purpose of this paper is to assess the mechanism of progressive deformation due to creep and fatigue using element testing on samples of till. The samples were subjected to fully drained loading and the deviator stresses were held constant at various percentages of peak failure stress, while the pore water pressure was kept static or dynamic (fluctuating ±5 kPa) over a period of time. The results have shown that the samples experienced significant deformation even at a higher factor of safety (i.e. the failure deviator stress/deviator stress at which the pore water pressure was fluctuated) under pore water pressure dynamics.
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The development of the latest generation of wide-body carbon-fibre composite passenger aircraft has heralded a new era in the utilisation of these materials. The premise of superior specific strength and stiffness, corrosion and fatigue resistance, is tempered by high development costs, slow production rates and lengthy and expensive certification programmes. Substantial effort is currently being directed towards the development of new modelling and simulation tools, at all levels of the development cycle, to mitigate these shortcomings. One of the primary challenges is to reduce the extent of physical testing, in the certification process, by adopting a ‘certification by simulation’ approach. In essence, this aspirational objective requires the ability to reliably predict the evolution and progression of damage in composites. The aerospace industry has been at the forefront of developing advanced composites modelling tools. As the automotive industry transitions towards the increased use of composites in mass-produced vehicles, similar challenges in the modelling of composites will need to be addressed, particularly in the reliable prediction of crashworthiness. While thermoset composites have dominated the aerospace industry, thermoplastics composites are likely to emerge as the preferred solution for meeting the high-volume production demands of passenger road vehicles. This keynote presentation will outline recent progress and current challenges in the development of finite-element-based predictive modelling tools for capturing impact damage, residual strength and energy absorption capacity of thermoset and thermoplastic composites for crashworthiness assessments.
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Reinforced concrete (RC) jacketing is a common method for retrofitting existing columns with poor structural performance. It can be applied in two different ways: if the continuity of the jacket is ensured, the axial load of the column can be transferred to the jacket, which will be directly loaded; conversely, if no continuity is provided, the jacket will induce only confinement action. In both cases the strength and ductility evaluation is rather complex, due to the different physical phenomena included, such as confinement, core-jacket composite action, preload and buckling of longitudinal bars.
Although different theoretical studies have been carried out to calculate the confinement effects, a practical approach to evaluate the flexural capacity and ductility is still missing. The calculation of these quantities is often related to the use of commercial software, taking advantage of numerical methods such as fibre method or finite element method.
This paper presents a simplified approach to calculate the flexural strength and ductility of square RC jacketed sections subjected to axial load and bending moment. In particular the proposed approach is based on the calibration of the stress-block parameters including the confinement effect. Equilibrium equations are determined and buckling of longitudinal bars is modelled with a suitable stress-strain law. Moment-curvature curves are derived with simple calculations. Finally, comparisons are made with numerical analyses carried out with the code OpenSees and with experimental data available in the literature, showing good agreement.
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A cabra Serrana destaca-se, no panorama das raças autóctones, pela sua considerável distribuição geográgica, expressão numérica e desempenho produtivo. A preservação destes recursos genéticos em sistemas produção rentáveis, requer um aprofundamento do conhecimento sobre os fatores que influenciam o seu desempenho produtivo. Observaram-se 51 animais de raça Serrana, ecótipo Ribatejano, inscritos no Registo Zootécnico, em 4ª ou 5ª lactação, provenientes de seis explorações, recolhendo-se dados realativos à idade ao parto, condição corporal e grau de parasitismo (estrongilídeos gastrintestinais, oocistos e larvas de primeiro estadio de estrongilídeos pulmonares). Utilizou-se a informação do contraste leiteiro das cabras, disponibilizada pela Associação de Criadores de Caprinos e Ovinos do Ribatejo e Oeste. A condição corporal foi analisada considerando os efeitos do criador, mês e tipo de parto, e como covariável, o efeito linear da produção de leite, eliminação parasitária e os efeitos linear e quadrático da idade ao parto. Os fatores ambientais idade ao parto, produção de leite e a eliminação de estrongilídeos gastrintestinais, influenciaram significativamente (p<0,05) a condição corporal. A condição corporal registou valores superiores em cabras com idades compreendidas entre 50 e 60 meses de vida, e foi influenciada negativamente pela elevação da produção de leite e pelo nível de estrongilídeos gastrintestinais. The Serrana stands out among autochthonous goat breeds for its wide geographical distribution, large inventory and considerable productive performances. The preservation of animal genetic resources of this kind requires a better knowledge of the factors affecting productive performance. Data has been collected on 51, 4th and 5th lactation registered Serrana goats of the Ribatejano ecotype, from six different herds. Parameters examined were age at kidding, body condition score and parasitic infection level (gastrointestinal strongyles, oocysts and first stage larvae of pulmonary strongyles). Lactation data from the official milk recording service have been supplied by the Associação de Criadores de Caprinos e Ovinos do Ribatejo e Oeste. Body condition score was analysed for the discrete effects of herd, kidding month and number of kids born per kidding, the covariant linear effects of milk yield and parasitic infection and the linear and quadratic effects of age at kidding. Age at kidding, milk yield and gastrointestinal strongyle fecal egg counts have significantly affected body condition scores (p<0,05). Body condition scores were higher for 50 to 60-month old goats, and were negatively influenced by milk yield and gastrointestinal strongyle infection level.
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Aim: to evaluate the effects of a 12-weeks combined aerobic-resistance exercise therapy on fatigue and isokinetic muscle strength, glycemic control and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in moderately affected type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. Methods: a randomized controlled trial design was employed. Forty-three T2DM patients were assigned to an exercise group (n = 22), performing 3 weekly sessions of 60 minutes of combined aerobic-resistance exercise for 12-weeks; or a no exercise control group (n = 21). Both groups were evaluated at a baseline and after 12-weeks of exercise therapy for: 1) muscle strength and fatigue by isokinetic dynamometry; 2) plasma glycated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C); and 3) HRQoL utilizing the SF-36 questionnaire. Results: the exercise therapy led to improvements in muscle fatigue in knee extensors (-55%) and increased muscle strength in knee flexors and extensors (+15 to +30%), while HbA1C decreased (-18%). In addition, the exercising patients showed sizeable improvements in HRQoL: physical function (+53%), vitality (+21%) and mental health (+40%). Conclusion: 12-weeks of combined aerobic-resistance exercise was highly effective to improve muscle strength and fatigue, glycemic control and several aspects of HRQoL in T2DM patients. These data encourage the use of aerobic and resistance exercise in the good clinical care of T2DM.
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A paradigm shift is taking place from using transplanting tissue and synthetic implants to a tissue engineering approach that aims to regenerate damaged tissues by combining cells from the body with highly porous scaffold biomaterials, which act as templates, guiding the growth of new tissue. The central focus of this thesis was to produce porous glass and glass-ceramic scaffolds that exhibits a bioactive and biocompatible behaviour with specific surface reactivity in synthetic physiological fluids and cell-scaffold interactions, enhanced by composition and thermal treatments applied. Understanding the sintering behaviour and the interaction between the densification and crystallization processes of glass powders was essential for assessing the ideal sintering conditions for obtaining a glass scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Our main goal was to carry out a comprehensive study of the bioactive glass sintering, identifying the powder size and sintering variables effect, for future design of sintered glass scaffolds with competent microstructures. The developed scaffolds prepared by the salt sintering method using a 3CaO.P2O5 - SiO2 - MgO glass system, with additions of Na2O with a salt, NaCl, exhibit high porosity, interconnectivity, pore size distribution and mechanical strength suitable for bone repair applications. The replacement of 6 % MgO by Na2O in the glass network allowed to tailor the dissolution rate and bioactivity of the glass scaffolds. Regarding the biological assessment, the incorporation of sodium to the composition resulted in an inibition cell response for small periods. Nevertheless it was demonstrated that for 21 days the cells response recovered and are similar for both glass compositions. The in vitro behaviour of the glass scaffolds was tested by introducing scaffolds to simulated body fluid for 21 days. Energy-dispersive Xray spectroscopy and SEM analyses proved the existence of CaP crystals for both compositions. Crystallization forming whitlockite was observed to affect the dissolution behaviour in simulated body fluid. By performing different heat treatments, it was possible to control the bioactivity and biocompatability of the glass scaffolds by means of a controlled crystallization. To recover and tune the bioactivity of the glass-ceramic with 82 % crystalline phase, different methods have been applied including functionalization using 3- aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APTES). The glass ceramic modified surface exhibited an accelerated crystalline hydroxyapatite layer formation upon immersion in SBF after 21 days while the as prepared glass-ceramic had no detected formation of calcium phosphate up to 5 months. A sufficient mechanical support for bone tissue regeneration that biodegrade later at a tailorable rate was achievable with the glass–ceramic scaffold. Considering the biological assessment, scaffolds demonstrated an inductive effect on the proliferation of cells. The cells showed a normal morphology and high growth rate when compared to standard culture plates. This study opens up new possibilities for using 3CaO.P2O5–SiO2–MgO glass to manufacture various structures, while tailoring their bioactivity by controlling the content of the crystalline phase. Additionally, the in vitro behaviour of these structures suggests the high potential of these materials to be used in the field of tissue regeneration.
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Participants who were unable to detect familiarity from masked 17 ms faces ([Stone and Valentine, 2004] and [Stone and Valentine, in press-b]) did report a vague, partial visual percept. Two experiments investigated the relative strength of the visual percept generated by famous and unfamiliar faces, using masked 17 ms exposure. Each trial presented simultaneously a famous and an unfamiliar face, one face in LVF and the other in RVF. In one task, participants responded according to which of the faces generated the stronger visual percept, and in the other task, they attempted an explicit familiarity decision. The relative strength of the visual percept of the famous face compared to the unfamiliar face was moderated by response latency and participants’ attitude towards the famous person. There was also an interaction of visual field with response latency, suggesting that the right hemisphere can generate a visual percept differentiating famous from unfamiliar faces more rapidly than the left hemisphere. Participants were at chance in the explicit familiarity decision, confirming the absence of awareness of facial familiarity.
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Dissertação de Mestrado, Psicologia, Área de Especialização em Psicologia da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2008
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Tendo como ponto de partida, o quadro conceptual esboçado a partir dos estudos revistos, procuramos nesta investigação analisar as perturbações do comportamento alimentar em adolescentes/estilos de vida, sua relação com a percepção do auto-conceito e imagem corporal. A amostra foi constituída por 405 alunos (232 do género feminino e 173 do género masculino) do ensino secundário (11º e 12º anos), com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 20 anos. Os participantes preencheram um questionário, dividido em 3 partes: sócio-demográfico/estilos de vida, escala sobre a percepção da imagem corporal – Relationship Between Body Image Percent Body Fat Among College Male Varsity Athletes and Non-athletes (Huddy, D. C.; Nieman, D. C. e Johnson, R. L. 1993 ) e escala da percepção do auto-conceito – The self-perception profile for college (Newman & Harter 1986). Neste estudo tivemos como principal objectivo, analisar as perturbações do comportamento alimentar/Índice de Massa Corporal a partir do impacto das variáveis psicológicas como: percepção do auto-conceito, imagem corporal, ambiente familiar, estilos de vida, numa amostra de adolescentes. A determinação do IMC mostra que a maioria dos adolescentes apresenta peso normal (71%). Apenas 14,3% apresentam excesso de peso, 3,2% tem obesidade moderada, 0,7%, obesidade grave e 0,5% obesidade mórbida. A avaliação baseada nas correlações entre as variáveis e entre as variáveis e as sub-escalas, revelaram que os adolescentes do género masculino apresentam uma média mais elevada a nível da percepção do auto-conceito do que o género feminino. Também uma percepção mais desfavorável do auto-conceito, está associada a um elevado índice de massa corporal. O grau de satisfação com o ambiente familiar revela uma mais favorável percepção do auto-conceito. Quanto à relação da percepção que os adolescentes têm relativamente ao auto-conceito e comportamentos afectos aos estilos de vida, há a ressaltar, que uma maior actividade física, está associada, a uma percepção menos favorável do auto-conceito. Os resultados evidenciam uma ausência de relações significativas entre a imagem corporal, o género e a idade. Também no nosso estudo não foi confirmada a hipótese de que a imagem corporal está correlacionada com o IMC. Em relação aos hábitos alimentares e IMC não foi possível comprovar esta hipótese, mas permitiu-nos conhecer alguns comportamentos alimentares.
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Problema: A obesidade tem sido abordada enquanto questão estética, descurando-se as consequências e o impacto que tal condição provoca na saúde mental e física dos indivíduos. Na sociedade ocidental quem não se enquadra nos padrões de beleza fixados, é discriminado pelos outros, condição que provoca sentimentos de insatisfação com o próprio corpo. Uma imagem corporal positiva revela-se fundamental no desenvolvimento de bem-estar pessoal e relacional. De uma maneira geral, quem está muito acima do peso ideal tem também dificuldades em relacionar-se sexualmente com outra pessoa. Compreendemos assim o peso dos fatores psicológicos nesta problemática. Objetivo: O presente estudo avalia as relações existentes entre satisfação com a imagem corporal, satisfação conjugal e satisfação sexual em mulheres com e sem obesidade. Considerou-se o IMC com o intuito de se estabelecerem diferenças face à classificação do peso, dando origem a dois grupos: “obesas/excesso de peso” e “não-obesas”. Método: A amostra foi constituída por 185 sujeitos do sexo feminino, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 63 anos, selecionada a partir de uma amostra de conveniência. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e correlacional. Instrumentos: A recolha dos dados realizou-se através de um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e de três escalas avaliativas das três dimensões em estudo, designadamente MGIC (Pascoal & Narciso, 2006), a EASAVIC; (Narciso & Costa, 1996), e o ISS (Pechorro & Vieira, 2005). Resultados: As mulheres obesas só se diferenciam das suas congéneres não-obesas apenas no índice de insatisfação corporal (valores mais elevados). Contudo, encontraram-se diferenças estatisticamente significativas, entre os grupos diferenciados, pelas perceções subjetivas de peso (peso percebido, peso considerado ideal e peso considerado atraente), na insatisfação corporal, insatisfação conjugal e insatisfação sexual. Verificaram-se ainda correlações entre as três variáveis sob estudo.
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Tese de douoramento, Psicologia, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2014
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Tese de doutoramento, Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (Nutrição), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, 2014
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Portugal é o país que mais transplantes hepáticos efectuou a nível mundial e o segundo com maior número de dadores por milhão de habitantes, com a região centro do país a liderar a doação de órgãos. Esta liderança na área da transplantação hepática contribui também para as elevadas taxas de sobrevivência destes doentes, suportada pela excelência técnica de uma equipa multidisciplinar diferenciada, complementada por recentes avanços terapêuticos. Portugal é, também a nível mundial, o país com maior número de casos de polineuropatia amiloidótica familiar (PAF), variante TTRmet30 (proteína transtirretina mutada) tipo português, diagnosticados, sendo em algumas regiões considerada como uma doença endémica. Apesar de novas terapêuticas em estudo (exemplo: Tafamidis), até à data o transplante hepático parece ser a única terapêutica com eficácia ao retardar ou mesmo na estabilização da evolução desta doença hereditária e degenerativa, progressiva e fatal no prazo de 10-15 anos após o início da sintomatologia.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)