Reposição florestal obrigatória no município de Presidente Venceslau

The growing concern over deforestation of native forests from Brazil to the marketing of wood in various sectors had made greater attention from lawmakers. In this context, did the reforestation, which came into existence to meet the demand for forest raw material. This paper attempts to make a survey, focusing on the interplay between small and medium producers, consumers of forest products and reforestation associations. For this, we conducted a survey of legislation at the federal and state since the emergence, evolution and current context for understanding the legal basis on the subject. In addition, literature reviews have been made seeking to direct the concepts and importance of reforestation, reforestation, forest plantations and productive use of the species Eucalyptus sp for the supply of forest raw material. Approach was also sought on the structure of the system of reforestation of the state of Sao Paulo and their assignments. We also present an in loco study of Chairman Wenceslas municipality in order to analyze the participation of the municipality in the reforest the region of Pontal Paranapanema and actions of regulatory agencies. As a result presents a survey of consumers of timber enterprises in the municipality of President Wenceslas based on the resolution SMA No. 082/2008, which describes the characteristics of these companies and their fields of activity

Estudo de caso: formulação de custo de um produto de usinagem em uma pequena empresa

Many variables are indirectly involved in the transformation of raw material into a metallurgical industry, such as machine hours, hours of hand labor directly and / or indirect, setup time, etc. This research focuses on the complexity of formulating the cost of metallurgical products, based on a case study, in which one has incurred a large loss on the sale of a product called Punch. The main objective of this work is to define the variables of the cost of members and other metallurgical products, so simplified general, checking what were the failures costing the case studied, in order to help others. The method of formulating cost was determined as recommended by SEBRAE guidance for small businesses. The results showed a loss R$ 13.201,00 in the batch of 15 units of punch. Possible improvements have been identified for reducing the production cost

Experimentos de baixo custo para o ensino de eletrostática no nível fundamental

The experimentation in the teaching of physics has been extensively studied over the years because of its potential as a tool demonstration of physics phenomena studied in classroom. In such a perspective view of the action of apprentice student involving teaching future teachers of physics, under the Program PIBID CAPES, developed since 2009, seeks ways to improve the teaching of physics experiments using the theme chosen for the electrostatic work was . In this particular work, we report the development of the project in a State School located in the city of Rio Claro, in two rooms in the 9th grade in elementary school. It is planned with the activities of teaching physics at this level of education, look at how two different ways of displaying the contents of electrostatics in a playful way for elementary students and implement a library of experiments so that students can take the experiments to their homes

Comparação de custo e viabilidade técnica de obras com parede de concreto em relação a obras de alvenaria estrutural

Are being released in the construction market in Brazil ventures called Super 6. These businesses sell the promise of delivery of the apartment in six months after the launch of the venture. To meet this deadline are being deployed the constructive method of concrete walls using aluminum shapes. This system basically consists of pouring slabs and walls once, i.e. building up the wall shapes and slab joints. On the walls are used cloth, with reinforcements in vain and corners of walls and on these screens are tied the electrical boxes and conduits. For each tower is used the so-called system of half way, i.e. the system so it is sufficient to mount the Middle deck. Using a concrete which can be deformed in the next day you can lift one deck every two days with ready electric and hydraulicsystem, without having to tow the wall doing only minor fixes in the imperfections after concrete. With this system won an incredible speed in the construction of the structure reducing in almost one-third the length of the work. This work aims to compare in terms of cost-benefit of masonry structural systems and this new concrete wall system called Super 6. For this comparison will be used as parameter values used for the achievement of the Enterprise Portal of Roses of constructor Tenda which is one of the first to use concrete wall system. This project basically consists of seven towers of six floors each and will be budgeted the cost of this project if it were held in structural masonry. From these data it will be possible to make a comparison about the actual beneficial to adopt this system

Uso de algoritmos genéticos na otimização do sistema de coleta do palhiço de cana-de-açúcar

The Brazilian government has convinced the world that ethanol deriving from sugar cane is a promissory means of sustainable fuel for vehicles. There is a great growth of ex vehicles , i.e, run both by ethanol and gasoline, due to competent automotive industries and e cient alcohol production technology. In 2009 and 2010 the ethanol production was 25.7 billion liters and 53.8% of sugar cane production was destined to alcohol production. Nevertheless, the sugar production also derived from sugar cane should increase in 2011. Brazil produced 33 million tons of sugar in the last harvest. With sugar cane on the rise production is arising new environmental problems. The harvest using mechanized cut besides improving the logistic transportation system leaves the generating residue in the eld. This residue is a mixture of straw, leavings and scrap of sugar cane named sugar cane crop residue and corresponds to 30% of biomass and can be burned and produce electricity by cogeneration. But the transport the sugar cane crop from the eld is expensive due costs involved in the transport system. This work aims to propose a formulation for the bales collecting problem from sugar cane eld to mill that minimize the costs involved in the transport system. The computational tests use the C++ language and an algorithm based on genetic algorithms techniques

Biodiversidade e código florestal em Botucatu, um estudo de caso

The brazilian legislation has sufored changes by the law no 1876/99, without the scientific community consultation, causing grave consequences for the country natural patrimony. The goal of this research is to investigate what the professors and students community of a São Paulo University know about the theme, as much as a rural and urban portion of persons; what they consider important and which atributes are taken in consideration. By the elaboration of closed questionnaires, qualitative and quantitative datas were collected, organized and analysed. The datas showed a low schooling by the countrified people, which reflected the low forest law knowledge. The distance between the university and society was also noticed, which indicates the lack of extension activities, ethical commitment against knowledge, technology and the sustainable development of the country. Due to, highlight the importance of extension activities towards the university, community and a knowledge future of all

Simulação de produção de sedimentos em microbacias em função de cenários de restauração florestal

In São Paulo state, deforestation and agriculture activities are increasing soil losses processes, especially in areas of susceptible soils where properties not adopt soil conservation practices. Environmental adequacy at property level regarding Permanent Protection Areas and Legal Reserves is considered a factor on reducing soil losses and considering that we assessed soil losses of different scenario of environmental adequacy. Simulations of erosive process were carried out in 15 catchments of Corumbataí river basin, according to different forest restoration scenarios, as well as the current situation of land use/land cover. The scenarios include the implementation of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA), the reforestation of variable source areas, and two scenarios, the Legal Reserve installation in 20% of each catchment, being one of them for most critical areas in terms of erosion and the other at random. It was observed that the establishment of PPA and the reforestation of hydrologically sensitive areas, offered only a small contribution to the control of the erosive process, resulting in a reduction of 10% and 7,8%, respectively, while the legal reserve in critical areas has a significant reduction of 69,8%. The random scenario, in turn, resulted in a reduction of only 21,4%. Results show that reforestation could reduce soil losses, but previous studies of land prioritization and planning could increase significantly its efficiency at this process.

Gigante pela própria natureza: discutindo o código florestal

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Otimização de custo no processo de fabricação de mangueira hidráulica

A large part of hydraulic hoses is produced on a mandrel. The mandrel has longer length and circular profile being produced by extrusion of polyamide polymer, which in this case is imported, then the process is depending on the import process, which entails high shipping costs and fees. This work studies the production of recycled mandrel, using the mandrel that is out of dimensional to produce hoses. After the production of recycled mandrel mechanical tensile and hardness were performed both in the natural and recycled mandrel to compare them. It was observed that recycled mandrel presents the tensile properties and hardness superior to natural mandrel. Thus, this work will directly impact the company`s business ultimately reducing costs, reducing waste and reducing environmental impacts

Projeto, desenvolvimento e construção de um redutor/multiplicador de velocidades de baixo custo

This paper aims to present the design, development and construction of a reducer / multiplier speeds low cost, sturdy and easy operation. The beginning of the project was given to research on issues related to mechanisms and machine elements, and these theories of fundamental importance in the development of items of equipment which, together with the aid of AutoCAD software, enabled the construction of it. Parallel to the sizing of equipment, were also investigated and taken into account the costs of materials used in the project. Made to mount the reducer / multiplier speeds it was at the evidence through experiments involving the use of torque wrench, tachometer and weights, getting proven applicability in situations that are small or medium loads required

Frugivoria e dispersão de sementes por anta (Tapirus terrestris) em uma área de plantio florestal no cerrado, MS

A anta brasileira Tapirus terrestris é o maior mamífero terrestre neotropical, sendo encontrada em todos os biomas brasileiros, com exceção da Caatinga, onde foi extinta. É capaz de carregar sementes de tamanhos variados por longas distâncias e em grandes quantidades, e depositá-las em locais distantes da plantamãe. Porém, seu potencial como dispersora é questionado, uma vez que o transporte para latrinas pode dificultar o estabelecimento pela grande quantidade de sementes. Os objetivos desse projeto foram (1) investigar a dieta da anta em um ambiente de Cerrado e (2) verificar, através de testes de germinação, se a passagem pelo seu trato digestivo modifica a taxa de germinação de araçá-docampo (Psidium guineense) e mutambo (Guazuma ulmifolia). O estudo foi realizado na fazenda Barra do Moeda, Três Lagoas/MS, onde a matriz é composta por talhões de eucalipto e cerrado em diversos estágios sucessionais. Os bolos fecais foram coletados em viagens trimestrais e, na triagem, tiveram as sementes separadas e contabilizadas. Foram utilizados os testes qui-quadrado e o de Mann-Whitney para as análises estatísticas. A triagem dos bolos fecais registrou 53 espécies vegetais, sendo 31 identificadas. As famílias com maior proporção foram Myrtaceae, Poaceae, Malvaceae e Rubiaceae, sendo verificada diferença significativa na dieta entre as duas estações. O fruto de Araçá-do-Campo (Psidium guineense) foi o mais consumido nos dois períodos, o que indica a importância desse item alimentar para a anta. Além disso, foi verificada uma redução significativa no sucesso germinativo do araçá-do-campo após a passagem pelo trato digestivo desse mamífero, sugerindo que apesar da grande quantidade de sementes, parte é inviabilizada. Foram também registradas sete espécies e dois gêneros novos, o que indica a importância da realização de novas pesquisas, com o intuito... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Colheita de energia usando dispositivos baseados em materiais piezoelétrico

Recently, research on energy harvesting has increased substantially. Many researchers have concentrated their efforts to find the best configuration for these systems and to optimize their output power. In the process of energy harvesting, the electric energy is obtained by converting mechanics energy created by an environment vibration source by a transducer, for example, a thin piezoceramic film. That vibration source is, for example, a beam suffering some mechanic force able to generate a vibration in it, an oscillating beam is the best properly used example. Different mechanisms of electromechanical coupling have been developed to harvesting devices, and a particular interest has been given to the use of models that transform the mechanical vibration into electrical current using a piezoelectric element. In this paper we propose a model to energy harvesting from vibrations, from an oscillating beam, including non-linearities in the piezoelectric coupling and a non-ideal excitation in the material. From this model, it was developed a system to obtain some results about the harvested power by the material. It was demonstrated that the power captured was influenced by the effect of the nonlinearities of the piezoelectric coupling, modifying the system dynamic behavior

Levantamento e análise de estudos de restauração florestal em áreas degradadas no estado de São Paulo

A preocupação com a conservação da cobertura vegetal, já há algumas décadas, tem sido objeto de amplos debates no meio científico, bem como a eficácia dos projetos de reflorestamento com espécies nativas, no estado de São Paulo, considerando-se o contexto histórico sobre questões envolvendo legislação, planejamento e análise de parâmetros ambientais, tendo-se como meta a produção de reflorestamentos de qualidade, procurando garantir a conservação da biodiversidade e a sustentabilidade das florestas implantadas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo a compilação de trabalhos pertinentes à recuperação florestal de áreas degradadas no estado de São Paulo, relatando os modelos implementados, bem como a sua efetividade, no processo de enriquecimento e manutenção da paisagem. Foi dado destaque para as práticas adotadas no processo de restauração da cobertura florestal, sendo agregados comentários respectivos aos componentes do ambiente físico, a estrutura da comunidade vegetal, bem como aos grupos sucessionais de espécies introduzidos. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico da literatura produzida nos últimos 15 anos (1999-2013), envolvendo o tema em questão e divulgada em veículos técnico/científicos, tais como as publicadas em anais, sites, periódicos nacionais e internacionais, relatórios técnicos, bem como aquelas apresentadas em eventos científicos. Os resultados apontam para a necessidade da integração entre aspectos teóricos e práticos e o estabelecimento de parâmetros de avaliação e monitoramento que sejam capazes de verificar verdadeiramente a qualidade dos reflorestamentos heterogêneos

Germinação, desenvolvimento e colheita da semente na mulher-terra: orientação de gestantes do SUS de Rio Claro sobre gestão e parto

Ao viver uma gestação, a mulher passa por mudanças biológicas, somáticas, psicológicas e sociais. É de fundamental importância que as gestantes recebam apoio, sejam orientadas sobre tais mudanças e também sobre o parto, momento comumente temido por elas. A assistência pré-natal é oferecida em nível nacional pelo Ministério da Saúde, que propõem a realização de ações educativas e a criação de grupos de apoio, que visam complementar o atendimento realizado nas consultas médicas. Porém, apesar de serem preconizadas, tais ações ainda são insuficientes ou insatisfatórias. O presente estudo visa contribuir com a área de Educação em Saúde buscando, a partir do conhecimento da realidade de gestantes, realizar uma ação de orientação, com a intenção de complementar o pré-natal realizado em Unidades de Saúde da Família (USFs). Para tanto, o objetivo geral da pesquisa foi investigar aspectos do conhecimento e dos sentimentos de gestantes usuárias do SUS de Rio Claro a respeito da gestação e parto, orientando-as sobre tais assuntos. A pesquisa, com abordagem Qualitativa, objetivo Descritivo e que usou como procedimento técnico a Pesquisa-ação, ocorreu no município de Rio Claro e teve como sujeitos 15 gestantes. A coleta de dados se deu através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, que foram gravadas e de um diário de campo. Foi elaborado um material contendo 16 imagens coloridas, que foram utilizadas nas orientações individuais com o intuito de esclarecer os processos da gestação e parto. Os dados foram analisados através da técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. A maioria das entrevistadas afirmou que não planejava engravidar e, ainda assim, mais da metade delas não fazia uso de nenhum método contraceptivo, mostrando que não houve um planejamento familiar efetivo. As fontes de informação mais citadas foram as pessoas mais velhas e/ou experientes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

O efeito da fragmentação florestal no recrutamento e estrutura populacional de quatro espécies arbóreas abundantes na Amazônia Central

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