Assessment of Seismic Damage of Buildings and Related Environmental Impacts

Sustainable development has only recently started examining the existing infrastructure, and a key aspect of this is hazard mitigation. To examine buildings under a sustainable perspective requires an understanding of a building's life-cycle environmental costs, including the consideration of associated environmental impacts induced by earthquake damage. Damage repair costs lead to additional material and energy consumption, leading to harmful environmental impacts. Merging results obtained from a seismic evaluation and life-cycle analysis for buildings will give a novel outlook on sustainable design decisions. To evaluate the environmental impacts caused by buildings, long-term impacts accrued throughout a building's lifetime and impacts associated with damage repair need to be quantified. A method and literature review for completing this examination has been developed and is discussed. Using software Athena and HAZUS-MH, this study evaluated the performance of steel and concrete buildings considering their life-cycle assessments and earthquake resistance. It was determined that code design-level greatly effects a building repair and damage estimations. This study presented two case study buildings and found specific results that were obtained using several premade assumptions. Future research recommendations were provided to make this methodology more useful in real-world applications. Examining cost and environmental impacts that a building has through, a cradle-to-grave analysis and seismic damage assessment will help reduce material consumption and construction activities from taking place before and after an earthquake event happens.

Geographical gradients in Argentinean terrestrial mammal species richness and their environmental correlates.

We analysed the main geographical trends of terrestrial mammal species richness (SR) in Argentina, assessing how broad-scale environmental variation (defined by climatic and topographic variables) and the spatial form of the country (defined by spatial filters based on spatial eigenvector mapping (SEVM)) influence the kinds and the numbers of mammal species along these geographical trends. We also evaluated if there are pure geographical trends not accounted for by the environmental or spatial factors. The environmental variables and spatial filters that simultaneously correlated with the geographical variables and SR were considered potential causes of the geographic trends. We performed partial correlations between SR and the geographical variables, maintaining the selected explanatory variables statistically constant, to determine if SR was fully explained by them or if a significant residual geographic pattern remained. All groups and subgroups presented a latitudinal gradient not attributable to the spatial form of the country. Most of these trends were not explained by climate.We used a variation partitioning procedure to quantify the pure geographic trend (PGT) that remained unaccounted for. The PGT was larger for latitudinal than for longitudinal gradients. This suggests that historical or purely geographical causes may also be relevant drivers of these geographical gradients in mammal diversity.

Exploring the Alentejo continental shelf for minerals and Quaternary environmental changes: preliminary results of the MINEPLAT survey.

This study presents the preliminary results of MINEPLAT survey, organized by Universidade de Évora in partnership with Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA) based on an integrated analysis of geophysical data namely, ultra-high resolution seismic data (UHRS), multibeam data, backscatter data and magnetic data. The survey took place on north Alentejo continental shelf (30 to 200 meters depth) between Tróia and Sines. The interpretation and integration of the acquired data allows substantial improvement on the knowledge on the morphology and geology of the surface and subsurface of the Alentejo continental shelf towards the assessment of the mineral resources potential in the continental shelf off Alentejo and of the environmental conditions caused by the tectonic uplift in the Pliocene-Quaternary.

Urban expansion and tha environmental problem: a landscape approach in Rio de Janeiro City, Brazil.

2008

Orçamento participativo: a experiência de Ribeirão Pires

Este estudo de caso tem o objetivo de analisar o procedimento do orçamento participativo na viabilização da nova política de desenvolvimento adotada pelo Município de Ribeirão Pires. Esta política baseia-se na sustentabilidade econômica, incorporando os aspectos sociais e resgatando a questão ambiental. A sua implementação nesse Município está muito vinculada à institucionalização do Orçamento Participativo, que possibilita uma maior participação dos cidadãos na definição das prioridades de investimento dos recursos disponíveis e, por essa razão, tem grande potencial para tornar-se um valioso instrumento para a concretização da política de desenvolvimento sustentável.

Mejores prácticas en materia de defensa de la competencia en Argentina y Brasil: aspectos útiles para Centroamérica

Incluye Bibliografía

Model of an Arizona gold mine.

no.1(1922)

Gold Company Claims, Witwatersrand, South Africa, 1895 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Bacon's new map of the Witwatersrand goldfields in the districts of Pretoria and Heidelberg, Transvaal, S. A. R. : shewing the main and other reefs, with the farms, gold mining company's claims and concessions : from information in the Surveyor-General's Department. It was published by G. W. Bacon & Co. in 1895. Scale [ca. 1:88,992].The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM Zone 35S, meters, WGS 1984) projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, roads, railroads, cities and other human settlements, administrative boundaries, farms, homesteads, main reefs, other reefs, probable connections, and mills. Includes also notes and inset: "Enlarged map of the farms Lanlaagte, Turffontein, Dornfontein & Elandsfontein, shewing the boundaries of the principal deep level gold mining coys. on the Witwatersrand goldfields" and a geological profile of the area north of Magaliesberg to the south of Witwatersrange.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Matabeleland Region, Zimbabwe, 1896 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: Fletcher & Espin's map of Matabeleland, compiled by Fletcher & Espin. It was published by E. Stanford in 1896. Scale 1:506,880. Covers the Matabeleland region, Zimbabwe and a portion of Botswana. The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Africa Lambert Conformal Conic projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, roads, railroads, cities and other human settlements, administrative and territorial boundaries, reefs, mines and mining camps, native reserves, post stations, and more. Relief shown by hachures and spot heights.This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Zimbabwe & Mozambique, 1897 (Raster Image)

This layer is a georeferenced raster image of the historic paper map entitled: A map of Rhodesia divided into provinces and districts under the administration of the British South Africa Company. It was published by Edward Stanford in 1897. Scale 1:1,000,000. Covers Zimbabwe, and portions of Mozambique, Malawi, South Africa, Botswana, Namibia, and Zambia.The image inside the map neatline is georeferenced to the surface of the earth and fit to the Africa Lambert Conformal Conic projected coordinate system. All map collar and inset information is also available as part of the raster image, including any inset maps, profiles, statistical tables, directories, text, illustrations, index maps, legends, or other information associated with the principal map. This map shows features such as drainage, roads, railroads and stations, cities and other human settlements, territorial and administrative boundaries, shoreline features, post stations, selected mines and mining camps, and more. Relief shown by hachures and spot heights. Includes notes describing land, vegetation and availability of water. This layer is part of a selection of digitally scanned and georeferenced historic maps from the Harvard Map Collection. These maps typically portray both natural and manmade features. The selection represents a range of originators, ground condition dates, scales, and map purposes.

Opiniones /

At head of title: Foro boliviano.

Carta abierta sobre el litigio Artigue Patiño : réplica /

The author's commentary on two books published by E. Cabezas relating to the Artigue-Patiño litigation.

Historisch overzicht van de goudindustrie in Suriname,

Mode of access: Internet.

Memoria.

Mode of access: Internet.

Idaho city : queen of the gold camps /

Mode of access: Internet.