Portuguese Adaptation of Students Engagement in Schools International Scale (SESIS)

The importance of student’s engagement has been recently pointed out in research. However, there has been a lack of engagement assessment instrument, pertaining psychometric qualities. Objective: This paper presents the Portuguese adaptation of the “Student’s Engagement in School International Scale” (SESIS), drawn up from a12 countries international study (Lam et al., 2012; Lam et al., in press). Method: Psychometric properties of this scale were examined with data from 685 students from different grades (6th, 7th, 9th and 10th), from both sexes, and different regions of the country. Results: Factorial analysis of the results, with varimax rotation, lead to three different factors which explain 50.88% of the variance. The scale integrates the original 33 items, and cognitive, affective and behavioural dimensions. For the external validity study, the relationship between student’s engagement in school results and other school variables — academic performance, self-concept — was considered, and significant relations were observed, as expected. Conclusion: The data presented highlights the qualities of SESIS, as well as its usefulness for research purposes. Suggestion: It is suggested the investigation of the extension of SESIS’s three-dimensionality, in future studiesKeywords: Innovation, technology, research projects, etc. [Arial 10-point, justified alignment].

Portuguese Adaptation of Students Engagement in Schools International Scale (Sesis)

The importance of student’s engagement has been recently pointed out in research. However, there has been a lack of engagement assessment instruments, showing psychometric qualities, such as reliability and validity. Objective: This paper presents the Portuguese adaptation of the “Student’s Engagement in Schools International Scale” (SESIS), drawn up from 12 countries international study (Lam et al., 2012; Lam et al., in press). Method: Psychometric properties of this scale were examined using data from 685 students, of both sexes, and from different grades (6th, 7th, 9th and 10th), and regions of the country. Results: Factorial analysis of the results, with varimax rotation, conducted to three different factors which explain 62,19% of the variance. The scale integrates the original 33 items, and cognitive, affective and behavioural dimensions. For the external validity study, the relationship between student’s engagement in school results and other school variables — academic performance, school conduct — was considered, and significant relations were observed, as expected. Conclusion: The data presented highlights the qualities of SESIS, as well as its usefulness for research purpose. Suggestion: It is suggested the investigation of the extension of SESIS’s three-dimensionality, in future studies

Adaptation of Cladocerans in metal-polluted heterogeneous environments

No presente trabalho o cladócero Daphnia longispina foi utilizado como organismo modelo para a avaliação dos efeitos ecológicos da adaptação a ambientes contaminados por metais. Foram amostradas populações naturais de D. longispina num local sujeito à contaminação por metais e num local próximo, de referência, ambos localizados no sistema aquático na área envolvente à mina abandonada de São Domingos. Várias linhagens clonais de ambas as populações foram mantidas em laboratório, sob condições controladas, para a execução dos testes. Um dos testes realizados permitiu estudar e quantificar as diferenças na tolerância letal entre as linhagens clonadas de ambas as populações e também avaliar os custos associados. Utilizando vinte linhagens clonais de D. longispina das duas populações verificou-se que apenas clones sensíveis ao cobre estavam presentes na população de referência e clones resistentes ao cobre estavam presentes na população do local contaminado. Os custos associados à tolerância foram ilustrados pela determinação de taxas alimentares mais baixas para a população tolerante quando comparadas com as da população de referência. Outro dos testes realizados permitiu comparar as respostas de clones de populações de ambos os locais – contaminado e referência – à exposição a concentrações sub-letais do metal cobre. A tolerância evidenciada anteriormente ao nível letal foi confirmada ao nível sub-letal, com o clone proveniente da população do local contaminado evidenciando uma maior tolerância ao cobre quando comparado com os restantes clones, para todos os parâmetros analisados (taxas alimentares, consumo de oxigénio, crescimento e reprodução). Os efeitos da aclimatação ao cobre ao longo de várias gerações foram também avaliados num clone de D. longispina. Os resultados evidenciaram a existência de uma adaptação fisiológica ao cobre ao longo das várias gerações que, no entanto, apenas aumentou marginalmente a tolerância a níveis de cobre letais. Para além disso, observou-se também uma grande variação nas respostas do clone de D. longispina estudado, não só entre concentrações de cobre mas também entre gerações. Os resultados obtidos nos vários estudos realizados com linhagens clonais de ambas as populações de D. longispina reforçam a importância de integrar a temática do desenvolvimento de tolerância à poluição aquando da avaliação dos riscos ambientais e ecológicos de compostos químicos, como os metais, no meio ambiente.

Patient classification for intelligent wheelchair adaptation

A importância e preocupação dedicadas à autonomia e independência das pessoas idosas e dos pacientes que sofrem de algum tipo de deficiência tem vindo a aumentar significativamente ao longo das últimas décadas. As cadeiras de rodas inteligentes (CRI) são tecnologias que podem ajudar este tipo de população a aumentar a sua autonomia, sendo atualmente uma área de investigação bastante ativa. Contudo, a adaptação das CRIs a pacientes específicos e a realização de experiências com utilizadores reais são assuntos de estudo ainda muito pouco aprofundados. A cadeira de rodas inteligente, desenvolvida no âmbito do Projeto IntellWheels, é controlada a alto nível utilizando uma interface multimodal flexível, recorrendo a comandos de voz, expressões faciais, movimentos de cabeça e através de joystick. Este trabalho teve como finalidade a adaptação automática da CRI atendendo às características dos potenciais utilizadores. Foi desenvolvida uma metodologia capaz de criar um modelo do utilizador. A investigação foi baseada num sistema de recolha de dados que permite obter e armazenar dados de voz, expressões faciais, movimentos de cabeça e do corpo dos pacientes. A utilização da CRI pode ser efetuada em diferentes situações em ambiente real e simulado e um jogo sério foi desenvolvido permitindo especificar um conjunto de tarefas a ser realizado pelos utilizadores. Os dados foram analisados recorrendo a métodos de extração de conhecimento, de modo a obter o modelo dos utilizadores. Usando os resultados obtidos pelo sistema de classificação, foi criada uma metodologia que permite selecionar a melhor interface e linguagem de comando da cadeira para cada utilizador. A avaliação para validação da abordagem foi realizada no âmbito do Projeto FCT/RIPD/ADA/109636/2009 - "IntellWheels - Intelligent Wheelchair with Flexible Multimodal Interface". As experiências envolveram um vasto conjunto de indivíduos que sofrem de diversos níveis de deficiência, em estreita colaboração com a Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Saúde do Porto e a Associação do Porto de Paralisia Cerebral. Os dados recolhidos através das experiências de navegação na CRI foram acompanhados por questionários preenchidos pelos utilizadores. Estes dados foram analisados estatisticamente, a fim de provar a eficácia e usabilidade na adequação da interface da CRI ao utilizador. Os resultados mostraram, em ambiente simulado, um valor de usabilidade do sistema de 67, baseado na opinião de uma amostra de pacientes que apresentam os graus IV e V (os mais severos) de Paralisia Cerebral. Foi também demonstrado estatisticamente que a interface atribuída automaticamente pela ferramenta tem uma avaliação superior à sugerida pelos técnicos de Terapia Ocupacional, mostrando a possibilidade de atribuir automaticamente uma linguagem de comando adaptada a cada utilizador. Experiências realizadas com distintos modos de controlo revelaram a preferência dos utilizadores por um controlo compartilhado com um nível de ajuda associado ao nível de constrangimento do paciente. Em conclusão, este trabalho demonstra que é possível adaptar automaticamente uma CRI ao utilizador com claros benefícios a nível de usabilidade e segurança.

Chromatic Aberration

Chromatic Aberration is a film installation which explores the early technologies of colour filmmaking drawn from the archives of George Eastman House, Rochester, New York. Featuring vibrant close-ups of eyes from fledgling archival experiments in colour film, Chromatic Aberration turns the cinematic lens in on itself: from the prosthetic recording eye of the camera, to an evocation of the abstract inner screen of one's eyelids. Early 1920s colour film footage - mainly tests shots featuring members of George Eastman's family as well as Hollywood stars of the time - is shot in such a way so as to reveal the inherent chromatic fringing, distortion and misalignment. Using specialist equipment at the BFI National Archive, London, the footage is reworked through the use of extreme close-up and magnification, honing in on the eyes. The installation evokes an imagined abstract colour world, a flickering eyelid trapped in a mechanical peephole. Exhibitions: Solo exhibition as film installation at Tyneside Cinema (Newcastle, Oct-Nov 2014); Solo exhibition at George Eastman Museum (Rochester, New York, Jan-April 2015), including a second work on display. Film festivals nominations for competitions: Winner of Best Vanguard Film Competition in Lima Independiente International Film Festival (Peru). Nominations: Filmadrid festival (Spain); Curtas Vila do Conde film festival (Portugal); Festival du Nouveau Cinema (Canada); Jihlava International Documentary Film Festival (Czech Republic ); International Film Festival Bratislava (Slovenia). Additional screenings at International Rotterdam Film Festival (Netherlands); European Media Art Festival (Germany); BFI London Film Festival (UK); Mini-retrospective screening at DIM CINEMA, The Cinematheque (Vancouver May 2015). Reviews and interviews in Artforum, The Wire Magazine, After Image, Studio International. Public lectures: with Prof. Sarah Street at Tyneside Cinema (Nov 2014); Royal Academy visiting public lecture (Nov 2014); ‘The Laughter of Things’ symposium, International Film Festival Rotterdam and Piet Zwart Institute (Jan 2015); George Eastman Museum and Rochester University (April 2015). Acquired by the George Eastman Museum for their collection.

État des conditions qui favorisent l'intégration des technologies de l'information et de la communication en adaptation scolaire au primaire et au secondaire selon les perceptions des enseignantes et des enseignants du Québec

Les recherches menées en éducation permettent de constater que les technologies de l'information et de la communication ont des effets positifs sur plusieurs dimensions de l'élève. Pourtant, dans ce domaine, l'implantation de la micro-informatique s'effectue lentement. Le projet de recherche trace le portrait des conditions qui favorisent l'intégration des TIC en adaptation scolaire et démontre dans quelle mesure elles sont présentes selon les perceptions des enseignants au Québec. Les sujets sont des enseignants en adaptation scolaire à la commission scolaire de Montréal (CSDM). Le questionnaire et l'entrevue semi-structurée ont été utilisés pour la collecte de données. Les résultats de l'enquête sont présentés à partir d'une analyse quantitative et qualitative. Ils démontrent que des efforts ont été déployés pour fournir aux écoles des ressources matérielles et pour développer des attitudes et perceptions positives chez les enseignants. Cependant, les enseignants réclament davantage de formation ainsi qu'un soutien technique et pédagogique continu.

Les effets de la mise en place d'une adaptation didactique en rédaction sur les productions écrites des élèves à risque intégrés

Dans cet article, l'objectif poursuivi consiste à évaluer les effets de la mise en place d'une adaptation didactique sur l'écriture narrative d'élèves à risque intégrés. L'originalité de l'étude repose sur le choix de la situation d'apprentissage et de l'adaptation didactique afin de permettre aux élèves à risque d'une classe de 4e année du primaire d'une école québécoise de produire des récits structurés et cohérents. L'apport de l'adaptation didactique «texte modèle» réside dans la présentation d'un texte fini répondant aux attentes finales afin de guider le processus d'écriture. L'analyse quantitative des résultats montre des effets significatifs produits par le dispositif didactique sur la compétence à structurer un texte de type narratif et sur celle à le rendre cohérent.

Le rôle et l'influence de la relation élève-enseignant sur l'adaptation scolaire et sociale des élèves dans les écoles primaires québécoises

Cette étude explore pour la première fois auprès d'une population québécoise le lien existant entre la qualité de la relation élève-enseignant (REE) et l'adaptation scolaire d'élèves ayant un trouble du comportement. La qualité du lien affectif des 80 élèves participants est étudiée sous l'angle de la théorie de l'attachement et mesurée à l'aide du STRS (Student-Teacher Relationship Scale) ainsi que du TSRI (Teacher-Student Relationship Inventory). Des analyses de corrélation font ressortir de nombreux liens entre la qualité de la REE et les variables d'adaptation scolaire utilisées: la compétence académique (notes et habitudes de travail), les habiletés sociales/ appréciation par les pairs, les problèmes de comportement extériorisés, puis finalement, la motivation/satisfaction scolaire de l'élève. De plus, la qualité de la REE en fin d'année scolaire a été comparée selon la fréquentation de l'élève à l'un ou l'autre des services: 1) des classes spéciales traditionnelles (N=30) et 2) des classes kangourou, dont la philosophie est axée sur l'établissement d'une REE positive (N=50). Les résultats de cette comparaison indiquent peu de différence significative dans l'évolution des élèves selon les deux services et pas de différence au niveau de la qualité de la REE pour cet échantillon.

Dimensions examinées par des novices en enseignement en adaptation scolaire en insertion professionnelle devant un problème éthique à l'école

Les novices en enseignement, particulièrement celles et ceux qui oeuvrent en adaptation scolaire, doivent composer avec de nombreux rôles dès leur entrée en milieu professionnel. Cette réalité multiplie les occasions de rencontrer des problèmes d'ordre éthique à l'école, soit des problèmes pour lesquels il n'existe pas de réponses ou de balises claires, qui exigent une prise de décisions et un choix d'actions qui doivent tenir compte de plusieurs éléments dont il faudra déterminer l'importance et, par conséquent, qui génèrent des conflits de valeurs. Être capable de résoudre un problème éthique implique au départ de développer la capacité à reconnaître les dimensions présentes à l'intérieur du problème. Nous avons dégagé quatre dimensions généralement présentes dans l'analyse d'un problème éthique: les personnes impliquées, les valeurs en jeu, les principes de conduite professionnelle appropriée et le cadre professionnel.Les personnes impliquées, puisque les professionnelles et professionnels sont amenés à anticiper les conséquences de leurs actions sur le bien-être des personnes concernées.Les valeurs en jeu, soit les structures internes sur lesquelles chaque individu se réfère spontanément, que ce soit des valeurs acquises durant l'enfance, dans l'expérience personnelle ou dans l'expérience professionnelle.Les principes de conduite professionnelle appropriée qui sont adoptés à titre de références par les membres de la communauté enseignante. Finalement, le cadre professionnel, car l'enseignante et l'enseignant s'inscrivent dans un cadre qui repose sur des lois et des normes des milieux. L'objectif de cette recherche a été de mettre en évidence les dimensions examinées par des enseignantes et des enseignants en adaptation scolaire en insertion professionnelle lorsqu'ils sont devant un problème éthique à l'école. La méthodologie utilisée était de nature qualitative et la cueillette de données a été effectuée par le moyen d'entrevues individuelles semi-dirigées.Les résultats obtenus à la suite de deux phases de collecte nous ont permis de mettre en évidence, entre autres, que certaines dimensions étaient examinées par les participantes de manière plus approfondie que d'autres devant des problèmes éthiques et dégager le sens accordé à chacune des dimensions par les participantes. Nous avons aussi analysé certaines préoccupations relatives à l'insertion professionnelle ayant émergé durant les entrevues.

Neural networks PID autotuning with real-time adaptation

Despite the developments in more sophisticated controllers, still the Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) controller is by far the controller most widely used in industry automation.

On-line adaptation of neural network

The Proportional Integral and Devirative (PID) controller autotuning is an important problem, both in practical and theoretical terms. The autotuning procedure must take place in real-time, and therefore the corresponding optimisation procedure must also be executed in real-time and without disturbing on-line control.

Ecological genetics in the North Atlantic: environmental gradients and adaptation at specific loci

The North Atlantic intertidal community provides a rich set of organismal and environmental material for the study of ecological genetics. Clearly defined environmental gradients exist at multiple spatial scales: there are broad latitudinal trends in temperature, meso-scale changes in salinity along estuaries, and smaller scale gradients in desiccation and temperature spanning the intertidal range. The geology and geography of the American and European coasts provide natural replication of these gradients, allowing for population genetic analyses of parallel adaptation to environmental stress and heterogeneity. Statistical methods have been developed that provide genomic neutrality tests of population differentiation and aid in the process of candidate gene identification. In this paper, we review studies of marine organisms that illustrate associations between an environmental gradient and specific genetic markers. Such highly differentiated markers become candidate genes for adaptation to the environmental factors in question, but the functional significance of genetic variants must be comprehensively evaluated. We present a set of predictions about locus-specific selection across latitudinal, estuarine, and intertidal gradients that are likely to exist in the North Atlantic. We further present new data and analyses that support and contradict these simple selection models. Some taxa show pronounced clinal variation at certain loci against a background of mild clinal variation at many loci. These cases illustrate the procedures necessary for distinguishing selection driven by internal genomic vs. external environmental factors. We suggest that the North Atlantic intertidal community provides a model system for identifying genes that matter in ecology due to the clarity of the environmental stresses and an extensive experimental literature on ecological function. While these organisms are typically poor genetic and genomic models, advances in comparative genomics have provided access to molecular tools that can now be applied to taxa with well-defined ecologies. As many of the organisms we discuss have tight physiological limits driven by climatic factors, this synthesis of molecular population genetics with marine ecology could provide a sensitive means of assessing evolutionary responses to climate change.

Intérêts professionnels d'élèves handicapés ou en difficulté d'adaptation ou d'apprentissage (EHDAA) inscrits à un programme d'intégration professionnelle axé sur l'horticulture

Cette recherche porte sur les intérêts professionnels d'élèves handicapés ou en difficulté d'adaptation ou d'apprentissage (EHDAA) inscrits à un programme d'intégration professionnelle axé sur l'horticulture. Elle s'attarde aussi à leur environnement scolaire et professionnel. Les résultats obtenus lors de la passation en .prétest de l'Inventaire visuel d'intérêts professionnels (IVIP) montrent que les intérêts professionnels de la majorité des élèves sont congruents avec leur formation scolaire. Quant aux résultats observés au post-test, ils révèlent que cette congruence est moins élevée dans les profils d'intérêts de ces élèves et que la majorité d'entre eux ne sont pas en emploi à la fin de leur programme d'intégration professionnelle. Cette situation pourrait entre autres s'expliquer par les limitations et les besoins spécifiques de ces élèves qui rendent difficile l'accompagnement soutenu des employeurs ainsi que par d'autres considérations telles que l'offr d'emploi et la disponibilité de programmes d'intégration professionnelle variés.

Study of sewage sludge aimed at agricultural soil amendment by thermogravimetric analysis and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

Thermal degradation and gaseous products evolving from the pyrolysis of sewage sludge, aimed at agricultural soil amendment, were investigated using Thermogravimetric Analysis in conjunction with Fourier Transform Infrared Analysis (TG-FTIR). The materials were studied in temperatures ranging from 30 to 800 ºC. Furthermore infrared spectra of sewage sludge samples were performed as a complementary technique. In parallel the sewage sludge was spiked with ibuprofen in order to test whether the mentioned techniques are able to detect the drug. Thermal analysis showed the range of 200-400ºC as the most characteristic for weight loss, corresponding with the organic matter volatilization, while the range of 500-800ºC was also characteristic and due to the volatilization of carbonates. On the other hand, ibuprofen-spiking tests identified at temperature range (150-250ºC) where the compound totally volatilizes, therefore, in this work, the detection of ibuprofen by TGA was established for concentrations higher than 0.5 g/kg sludge, concentration 102 times higher than the concentrations measured by other authors in regular sewage sludge (Martín, et al., 2010). A correlation has been found between the ibuprofen concentrations in the sludge and the intensity of the absorption bands, both for FT-IR spectra at the maximum emission temperature for ibuprofen (232ºC) as for the FT-IR spectra of the non-pyrolyzed samples.

Stratégies d'adaptation d'étudiantes et d'étudiants en contexte d'apprentissage par problèmes dans un programme du collégial.

Le cadre de référence de cet essai explique les concepts de l'approche par compétences, de l'apprentissage par problèmes, de l'adaptation ainsi que des stratégies d'adaptation fonctionnelles, dysfonctionnelles et à la variabilité fonctionnelle décrites par Carver, Scheier et Weintraub (1989) et mène aux objectifs de cette recherche.