968 resultados para Charles VI, King of France, 1368-1422.


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Contient : 1 « Extraict fait en la chambre des comptes du roy nostre sire de certaines ordonnance et articles faisans mencion des admortissemens faitz par gens de (sic) glise, soubz certaines condicions, ledit extraict fait de plusieurs registres et livres des memoriaulx estans en icelle chambre, par le commandement et ordonnances d'icelle, en la manière qui s'ensuit » ; a « Premièrement s'ensuit la teneur d'unes lectres d'ordonnances du roy » CHARLES V, « par lesquelles il mande et enjoinct expressement aux audiencier et contrerolleur de son audience à Paris, non delivrer lectres d'admortissemens se elles ne sont passées et delivrées par la chambre des comptes ; icelles lectres enregistrées » et adressées à « Me Eustace de Moicens » et à « Jehan de Colombes ». Paris, 21 juillet 1368 ; b « Item s'ensuit la teneur d'un article contenu en certaines ordonnances faictes par le roy CHARLES Ve, données à Paris le Ve jour de novembre 1370, enregistrées en lad. chambre, le fol. CII, par lesquelles il ordonna que toutes gens de glise (sic) pour leur (sic) acquisitions faictes depuis XL ans, quocumque titulo, feussent contrains à les mectre hors de leurs mains, dedans ung an, à paier finance » ; c « Item autres lectres du roy CHARLES Ve, enregistrées en lad. chambre » des comptes « le O fol. VXXXV, données à S. Denis, le 24e jour de fevrier l'an 1372, par lesquelles led. seigneur avoit mandé que toutes possessions acquises par gens de (sic) glise depuis XL ans sans avoir esté admorties par lectres de luy ou de ses predecesseurs, veriffiées en la chambre des comptes, feussent mises en la main dud. seigneur et les fruiz d'iceulx levez à son prouffit » ; d « Autres lectres du roy CHARLES Ve, données à Paris, ou castel du Louvre, le 25e jour de nouvembre, l'an ... 1372, enregistrées libro O fol. VIXXXII, par lesquelles il avoit declairé et declairoit que pour quelque composicion ou finance qui ont esté faicte (sic) ou temps passé des acquisicions faictes par gens de glise (sic) et communaultez les choses ainsi acquises ne soient tenues pour admorties se des acquisicions ilz n'ont lectres de admortissemens passées, expediées et veriffiées par la chambre des comptes » ; e « Item s'ensuit autres ordonnances sur le fait des fiefz, des acquitz » : e. 1. « Ordinacio vetus super feudis acquisitis facta in parlamento omnium sanctorum... post natale Domini » 1275. Acte de PHILIPPE LE HARDI. En latin. (Fol. 4.) e. 2. Acte de PHILIPPE LE BEL. « In parlamento omnium sanctorum, anno Nativitatis Domini » 1291. En latin. (Fol. 5) ; f « Instructions sur les finances des acquestz par les eglises et personnes non nobles en France. Et est l'entente que les plus grans finances qui pourront estre prinses soient prinses non pas mendrées que celles qui s'ensuivent en nulle manière » ; g « Ou livre signé A est enregistrée certaine renonciacion faicte par le roy PHELIPPE LE BEL de tous commissaires sur le fait des nouveaulx acquestz, excepté ceulx qui depuis au paravant y avoient esté commis, fol. VIII°, dont la teneur s'ensuit... ». Paris, 25 juillet 1310. En latin ; h « Item oud. livre signé : A, fol. CV, sont enregistrées autres lectres du roy PHILIPPE, dit LE LONG, par lesquelles il mande que toutes manières de gens de (sic) glise qui n'auroient mis hors de leurs mains dedans l'an les acquisicions qu'ilz possidoient, comme par autres ordonnances leur avoit esté autresfois enjoinct et ilz n'avoient riens fait, feussent contrains reaulment et de fait à luy rendre les fruiz qu'ilz avoient prins et receuz, depuis les commandemens à eulx faiz, desquelles lectres la teneur s'ensuit... ». Paris, 24 fevrier 1316-1317. En latin ; i « Item ou livre signé : E, fol. IIIIXX XIII est enregistré ce qui s'ensuit... ». Acte de CHARLES VI du 11 février 1385-1386 ; j « Item ou livre des memoriaulx, signé : G., fol. XX°, en certaines instructions et ordonnances sur le fait des fiefz est escript et contenu les articles qui s'ensuivent : Item et ne pourront les commissaires sur ce ordonnez ou à ordonner, lever ne exiger finances quelxconques desd. gens de (sic) glise pour leursd. acquisicions non admorties, mais seront contrains à les mectre hors de leurs mains... » ; 2 « Touchant les admortissemens », mémoire ; 3 « La table des fiefz des bailliaiges de Rouen et Caen » ; 4-8 Actes de CHARLES VII ; 4 « Ordonnances faictes par le roy, sur le fait de la distribucion et gouvernement de toutes ses finances », tant ordinaires que extraordinaires, « de Languedoil et de Languedoc ». Saumur, 25 septembre 1443 ; 5 « Autres ordonnances adjouxtées au devant escriptes ». Nancy, 11 février 1444-1445 ; 6 « Autres ordonnances faictes à Bourges », le 26 novembre 1447 ; 7 « Ordinaciones per regem edite Maduni supra Ebram », le 23 décembre 1454, « super ordine et regimine camere compotorum et officiariorum ibi » ; 7 bis Ordonnance portant : « que se doresnavant aucuns dons d'amendes, forfaictures, aubenaiges, confiscacions, quintz, arrierequintz, rachaptz ou autres choses quelzconques appartenans à noz receptes ordinaires estoient par vous faictz, soient lectres signées de nostre main, ou autrement en quelque manière que se soit, ilz ne soient donnez sinon que premierement gaiges d'officiers, fiefz et aumosnes et autres charges ordinaires soient entièrement fourniz et payez sur les receptes ausquelles » appartiendront « lesdictes choses ainsi par nous données ... Donné près Sainct Pourçain, le XXXe jour de janvier » 1455-1456 ; 8 Ordonnance portant défense aux trésorier de France et changeur du Trésor de ne lever ni souffrir être levées « aucunes descharges » audit trésorier, « pour quelque cas ne occasion que se soit », sur aucune des recettes ordinaires trop chargées de fiefs et aumônes. « Donné aux Roches Tranche Lion », le 22 avril après Pâques 1460 ; 9 « Ordinatio pro necessitatibus camere » compotorum « solvendis, facta per dominos ad burellum », 16 février 1459-1460 ; 10 « Ou livre T, fol. IIII V°, est escript ce qui s'ensuit : Du vendredi VIe jour d'avril » 1491 « avant Pasques, ou conseil du roy, tenu au bureau, en sa chambre des comptes, à Paris, ouquel monseigneur le chancellier, messieurs desd. comptes, tresoriers, Me Pierre Sacierges, esleu evesque de Lusson... sur ce qui a esté mis en deliberacion et pour le bien du roy, de sa justice et de ses finances, et pour obvier aux abuz qui par cy devant ont esté faiz touchant plusieurs lectres tant reliefvemens en cas d'appel que autres qui souventesfoiz et au desceu de mond. Sr le chancellier, comme il est vraysemblable, se baillent en la chancellerie ou prejudice et diminucion des droiz et demaine et des deniers des finances dud. Sr et de l'auctorité et jurisdicion de lad. chambre... a esté par mesd. Srs conclud, advisé et determiné les points et articles cy après escrips, et ordonné iceulx estre doresenavant entretenuz... en la manière qui s'ensuit... Lesquelles ordonnances ont esté veues et publiées en la chancellerie par l'ordonnance et en la presence de mond. Sr le chancellier, moy Jehan de Reilhac, maistre desd. comptes cy dessoubz soubzscript present et envoyé par mesd. Sgrs des comptes devers mond. seigneur le chancellier pour lad. cause. Fait le IXe jour d'avril M.CCCC. IIII XX XI. Ainsi signé : de Reilhac »

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Contient : 1 Confirmation par CHARLES VIII (Pontoise, mars 1484-5) d'une ordonnance de CHARLES VII (S. Amand en Berry, oct. 1429) confirmant et augmentant celle de CHARLES VI (Paris, juillet 1411) ratificative de celle de son oncle JEAN, duc DE BERRY (Mehun-sur-Yèvre, 23 juin 1411) lieutenant de ce dernier roi ès pays de Languedoc et duché d'Aquitaine, le tout concernant le fait du sel en Languedoc, au duché d'Aquitaine, au bailliage de Mâcon et dans la sénéchaussée de Lyon ; 2 « La teneur de la virifficaction de nosd. seigneurs les generaulx conseilliers sur le fait et gouvernement des finances » de l'ordonnance ci-dessus. 15 juin 1485. — « La teneur de certaines lettres patentes dud. seigneur [CHARLES VIII] atachées » à ladite ordonnance « soubz ung contreseel de sa chancellerie », et adressées aux « generaulx conseilliers sur le fait de la justice » des « aydes à Paris », dont la vérification suit. Paris, 16-18 juin 1485 ; 3 Mandement de CHARLES VIII au « visiteur general des gabelles à sel ès pays de Lyonnois..., Charroloys et leurs ressors » pour l'exercice de son droit de visite. Paris, 22 juin 1485 ; 4 « Lettres du roy [CHARLES VIII] touchant la jurisdiction du faict du sel par les visiteurs ». Paris. 14 février 1484-1485 ; 5 « Aultres lettres patentes du roy [CHARLES VIII] du deuxiesme mars » 1483-4 « pour exercer la visitation ès pays de Lyonnois, Forestz, Beaujolloys, Masconnois, Roannoys, Charrolloys et ressortz, non osbtant opposicions et appellacions »

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Le 27 mai 1406, le théologien parisien Pierre Plaoul comparaît devant la cour du Parlement de Paris en tant que représentant de l’Université de Paris dans une affaire qui l’oppose à l’Université de Toulouse. Il y prononce un sermon en latin, ce que la cour lui reproche instantanément, lui demandant de parler en français pour la prochaine séance. Le 7 juin, lors de sa deuxième comparution, il parle cette fois en langue vernaculaire et prononce un discours extrêmement différent du premier, autant dans son genre que dans son registre de citations. Les deux discours sont conservés dans le registre X1a4787 des Archives nationales de France. L’édition des discours permet de comprendre le raisonnement derrière leurs différences, mais il permet surtout de constater que le discours français fait état d’une érudition encore plus grande que son homologue latin et que son orateur n’était nullement gêné par l’usage de la langue vernaculaire. Remis dans le contexte historiographique actuel, il en ressort que l’utilisation du français par Plaoul concorde parfaitement avec l’abandon du modèle de rapport diglossique entre latin et français pour la fin du Moyen Âge, lui préférant plutôt un rapport de langues en contacts. Ce postulat est soutenu par les nombreuses occurrences d’universitaires médiévaux démontrant une excellente maîtrise d’un registre savant de la langue vulgaire, des poètes, aux prédicateurs en passant par les practiciens du droit. Un examen plus attentif de l’utilisation de la langue française par les docteurs en théologie du règne de Charles VI vient aussi appuyer l’hypothèse selon laquelle les universitaires du bas Moyen Âge considéraient la langue vernaculaire comme un instrument approprié à la transmission de la culture savante.

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The conquest of Normandy by Philip Augustus of France effectively ended the ‘Anglo-Norman’ realm created in 1066, forcing cross-Channel landholders to choose between their English and their Norman estates. The best source for the resulting tenurial upheaval in England is the Rotulus de valore terrarum Normannorum, a list of seized properties and their former holders, and this article seeks to expand our understanding of the impact of the loss of Normandy through a detailed analysis of this document. First, it demonstrates that the compilation of the roll can be divided into two distinct stages, the first containing valuations taken before royal justices in June 1204 and enrolled before the end of July, and the second consisting of returns to orders for the valuation of particular properties issued during the summer and autumn, as part of the process by which these estates were committed to new holders. Second, study of the roll and other documentary sources permits a better understanding of the order for the seizure of the lands of those who had remained in Normandy, the text of which does not survive. This establishes that this royal order was issued in late May 1204 and, further, that it enjoined the temporary seizure rather than the permanent confiscation of these lands. Moreover, the seizure was not retrospective and covers a specific window of time in 1204. On the one hand, this means that the roll is far from a comprehensive record of terre Normannorum. On the other hand, it is possible to correlate the identities of those Anglo-Norman landholders whose English estates were seized with the military progress of the French king through the duchy in May and June and thus shed new light on the campaign of 1204. Third, the article considers the initial management of the seized estates and highlights the fact that, when making arrangements for the these lands, John was primarily concerned to maintain his freedom of manoeuvre, since he was not prepared to accept that Normandy had been lost for good.

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The Seille Valley in eastern France was home to one of Europe’s largest Iron Age salt industries. Sedimentology, palynology and geochronology have been integrated within ongoing archaeological investigations to reconstruct the Holocene palaeoenvironmental history of the Seille Valley and to elucidate the human–environment relationship of salt production. A sedimentary model of the valley has been constructed from a borehole survey of the floodplain and pollen analyses have been undertaken to reconstruct the vegetation history. Alluvial records have been successfully dated using optically stimulated luminescence and radiocarbon techniques, thereby providing a robust chronological framework. The results have provided an insight into the development of favourable conditions for salt production and there is evidence in the sedimentary record to suggest that salt production may have taken place during the mid-to-late Bronze Age. The latter has yet to be identified in the archaeological record and targeted excavation is therefore underway to test this finding. The development of the Iron Age industry had a major impact on the hydrological regime of the valley and its sedimentological history, with evidence for accelerated alluviation arising from floodplain erosion at salt production sites and modification of the local fluvial regime due to briquetage accumulation on the floodplain. This research provides an important insight into the environmental implications of early industrial activities, in addition to advancing knowledge about the Holocene palaeoenvironmental and social history of this previously poorly studied region of France.

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The Bollène-2002 Experiment was aimed at developing the use of a radar volume-scanning strategy for conducting radar rainfall estimations in the mountainous regions of France. A developmental radar processing system, called Traitements Régionalisés et Adaptatifs de Données Radar pour l’Hydrologie (Regionalized and Adaptive Radar Data Processing for Hydrological Applications), has been built and several algorithms were specifically produced as part of this project. These algorithms include 1) a clutter identification technique based on the pulse-to-pulse variability of reflectivity Z for noncoherent radar, 2) a coupled procedure for determining a rain partition between convective and widespread rainfall R and the associated normalized vertical profiles of reflectivity, and 3) a method for calculating reflectivity at ground level from reflectivities measured aloft. Several radar processing strategies, including nonadaptive, time-adaptive, and space–time-adaptive variants, have been implemented to assess the performance of these new algorithms. Reference rainfall data were derived from a careful analysis of rain gauge datasets furnished by the Cévennes–Vivarais Mediterranean Hydrometeorological Observatory. The assessment criteria for five intense and long-lasting Mediterranean rain events have proven that good quantitative precipitation estimates can be obtained from radar data alone within 100-km range by using well-sited, well-maintained radar systems and sophisticated, physically based data-processing systems. The basic requirements entail performing accurate electronic calibration and stability verification, determining the radar detection domain, achieving efficient clutter elimination, and capturing the vertical structure(s) of reflectivity for the target event. Radar performance was shown to depend on type of rainfall, with better results obtained with deep convective rain systems (Nash coefficients of roughly 0.90 for point radar–rain gauge comparisons at the event time step), as opposed to shallow convective and frontal rain systems (Nash coefficients in the 0.6–0.8 range). In comparison with time-adaptive strategies, the space–time-adaptive strategy yields a very significant reduction in the radar–rain gauge bias while the level of scatter remains basically unchanged. Because the Z–R relationships have not been optimized in this study, results are attributed to an improved processing of spatial variations in the vertical profile of reflectivity. The two main recommendations for future work consist of adapting the rain separation method for radar network operations and documenting Z–R relationships conditional on rainfall type.

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This paper looks at the blockages to the publication of children’s literature caused by the intellectual climate of the postwar era, through a case study of the editorial policy of Hachette, the largest publisher for children at this time. This period witnessed heightened tensions surrounding the social and humanitarian responsibilities of literature. Writers were blamed for having created a culture of defeatism, and collaborationist authors were punished harshly in the purges. In the case of children’s literature, the discourse on responsibility was made more urgent by the assumption that children were easily influenced by their reading material, and by the centrality of the young to the discourse on the moral reconstruction of France. As the politician and education reformer Gustave Monod put it: “penser l’avenir, c’est penser le sort des enfants et de la jeunesse.” These concerns led to the expansion of associations and publications dedicated to protecting children and promoting “good” reading matter for them, and, famously, to the 1949 law regulating publications for children, which banned the depiction of crime, debauchery and violence that might demoralise young readers. Using the testimonials of former employees, along with readers’ reports and editorial correspondence preserved in the Hachette archives, this paper will examine how individual editorial decisions and self-censorship strategies were shaped by the 1949 law with its attendant discourse of moral panic on children’s reading, and how national concerns for future citizens were balanced with commercial imperatives.

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Dans cet article on examinera les cérémonies d'acclamation du roi D. João VI qui ont eu lieu à Tejuco en 1818. Le décodage de la riche variété d'images esthétiques présente dans ces célébrations peut être une stratégie privilégiée pour comprendre la création, à ce moment-là, des mythes qui donneraient soutien et orientation au projet d'affirmation du prestige politique du roi et à la consolidation de sa domination sur la région et sur tout le territoire brésilien. on analysera en particulier le conflit de mémoires entre la signification symbolique de la célébration et la révolte du peuple de Minas contre l'exploitation coloniale portugaise qui avait éclaté dans la région environ trois décennies avant.

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Titanium(IV) oxide, coated on the surface of silica gel (surface area, 308 m2 g-1; amount of Ti(IV) per gram of modified silica gel, 1.8 x 10(-3) mol), was used to adsorb CrO4(2-) ions from acidic solutions. The exchange capacity increased at lower pH values and was affected to some extent by the acid used. The material was used to preconcentrate Cr(VI) from 0.5 ppm solutions of chromate very efficiently and virtually 100% recovery was achieved in every instance.

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Bovine besnoitiosis, caused by the cyst-forming apicomplexan Besnoitia besnoiti, is commonly reported in some restricted regions of South-Western Europe, and in larger regions of Africa and Asia. This infection is thought to be transmitted by blood feeding insects and is responsible for major economic losses in cattle production. A recent emergence in Europe, notified in the Centre of France, Spain and Germany, has attracted more attention to this disease. Clinical signs could appear in some animals; however, many infected cattle remain asymptomatic or show scleral-conjunctival cysts (SCC) only. Recent development of serological methods allows carrying out seroepidemiological field studies. In this respect, a long-term investigation was performed in a dairy cattle farm localized in an enzootic area of besnoitiosis of South-western France between March 2008 and May 2009. The objective was to estimate the seasonal pattern of B. besnoiti infections based on the presence of SCC and serology (ELISA and Western blot). In parallel, an entomological survey was conducted to describe population dynamics of Stomoxys calcitrans and Tabanidae species. The seroprevalence determined by Western blot in a cohort of 57 animals continuously present during the whole survey increased from 30% in March 2008 to 89.5% in May 2009 and was always higher than the prevalence based on clinically assessed SCC. New positive B. besnoitia seroconversions occurred throughout the year with the highest number in spring. In addition, many seroconversions were reported in the two months before turn-out and could be associated with a high indoors activity of S. calcitrans during this period.

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Charles Taylor’s contribution to social imaginaries offers an interpretive framework for better understanding modernity as secularity. One of its main aspects is conceiving of human society in linear, homogenous time (secular time). Looking into the Arabic intellectual tradition, I will argue in my paper that Taylor’s framework can help us understand major social and intellectual transformations. The Ottoman and Arabic modernization process during the 19th century has often been understood by focusing on certain core concepts. One of these is tamaddun, usually translated as “civilization.” I will be mostly talking about the works of two “pioneers” of Arab modernity (which is traditionally referred to as an-nahḍa, the so-called Arab Renaissance): the Syrian Fransīs Marrāsh and the Egyptian Rifāʿa aṭ-Ṭahṭāwī. First I will focus on Marrāsh’s didactic novel “The Forest of Truth” (1865), as it offers a complex view of tamaddun, which has sometimes been construed as merely a social and political reform program. The category of "social imaginary,” however, is useful in grasping the wider semantic scope of this concept, which is reading it as a signifier for human history conceived of in secular time, as Taylor defines it. This conceptualization of human history functioning within the immanent frame can also be observed in the introduction to “The Extraction of Pure Gold in the Description of Paris” (1834), a systematic account of a travel experience in France that was written by the other “pioneer,” aṭ-Ṭahṭāwī. Finally, in translating tamaddun as “the modern social imaginary of civilization/culture,” the talk aims to consider this imaginary as a major factor in the emergence of the “secular age.” Furthermore, it suggests the importance of studying (quasi-) literary texts, such as historiographical, geographical, and self-narratives in the Arabic literary tradition, in order to further elaborate continuities and ruptures in social imaginaries.

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An accurate and efficient determination of the highly toxic Cr(VI) in solid materials is important to determine the total Cr(VI) inventory of contaminated sites and the Cr(VI) release potential from such sites into the environment. Most commonly, total Cr(VI) is extracted from solid materials following a hot alkaline extraction procedure (US EPA method 3060A) where a complete release of water-extractable and sparingly soluble Cr(VI) phase is achieved. This work presents an evaluation of matrix effects that may occur during the hot alkaline extraction and in the determination of the total Cr(VI) inventory of variably composed contaminated soils and industrial materials (cement, fly ash) and is compared to water-extractable Cr(VI) results. Method validation including multiple extractions and matrix spiking along with chemical and mineralogical characterization showed satisfying results for total Cr(VI) contents for most of the tested materials. However, unreliable results were obtained by applying method 3060A to anoxic soils due to the degradation of organic material and/or reactions with Fe2+-bearing mineral phases. In addition, in certain samples discrepant spike recoveries have to be also attributed to sample heterogeneity. Separation of possible extracted Cr(III) by applying cation-exchange cartridges prior to solution analysis further shows that under the hot alkaline extraction conditions only Cr(VI) is present in solution in measurable amounts, whereas Cr(III) gets precipitated as amorphous Cr(OH)3(am). It is concluded that prior to routine application of method 3060A to a new material type, spiking tests are recommended for the identification of matrix effects. In addition, the mass of extracted solid material should to be well adjusted to the heterogeneity of the Cr(VI) distribution in the material in question.

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The dataset consists of 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios of plant samples and soil leachates covering the major geologic regions of France. In addition to the isotope data it provides the spatial context for each sample, including background geology, field observations and soil descriptions. The dataset can be used to create Sr isoscapes for France, which can be applied in a wide range of fields including archaeology, ecology, soil, food, and forensic sciences.