Radônio como indicador de contaminação de solos por hidrocarbonetos

Previous studies show that in areas contaminated by fuel spill (NAPL- non-aqueous phase liquids), from operational activities, transport and storage, it was possible to observe a significant decrease of ²²²Rn (radon) gas concentration in the soil, even a non-uniform distribution of this gas in top soil, even with a geological situation was practically homogeneous. These anomalies may be associated with the preference partitioning of radon in NAPLs. This work consists of applying ²²²Rn as an indicator for locating subsurface contamination by NAPLs in an area of the city of Rio Claro (SP) where, according to the “Survey of Contaminated and Rehabilitated Areas in the State of São Paulo (Environmental Sanitation and Technology Company - CETESB), there was, in the year 2007, groundwater contamination from leaks of liquid fuels. The challenges of this research are: Promulgate the use of a new tool with greater efficiency in obtaining results, in addition to generate less impact in half and have less expenditure; disseminate scientific culture promoting greater integration of C&T (culture & technology) between universities and businesses. The emanometric technique to estimate the location, number and interfacial area of NAPL in saturated and non-saturated zone, has the advantage of locating and determining plumes of free phase even when the amount of VOC's (Volatile Organic Compounds) that reaches the surface is low or non-existent. In addition, the measurement techniques ²²²Rn are quite developed. The results obtained show that, similar to the other studies, the 222Rn soil gas presents an anomalous behavior in the area bounded by NAPL plume, being possible to note a significant deficit in the concentration of the gas in spots where the saturation by NAPLs is still critical. Therefore it is concluded that this tool is really promising, but we must be careful to evaluate the initial conditions of the area, as well as the type of...

Interferência do método de previsão populacional no desempenho hidráulico de uma rede coletora de esgoto sanitário

The non existence of sewage services creates an unhealthy environmental, causing impact extremely prejudicial to the human health. In Brazil, this item represents the biggest deficit in the basic sanitation these days, and only about 50% of the population is attended. The sewage collection network is a needful system for the basic sanitation. Between the parameters of the project of a system of collection and sewage transportation, the definition of the population that will be attended is one of the most important variables, and that should be done based on criterion of population growth and in accordant to directrix presents in the comprehensive city plan. In this paper, were evaluated methods of growth based on the geometric growth rate, on the population density and on the number of residents per dwelling, and also mathematics models of growth prediction, emphasizing in the geometric growth and on the logistic curve method. That way, the goal of this paper were value the hydraulic performance in one of the watersheds delimited by the sewage network magnification work existent in the city of Cacoal–RO. Using simulation with different scenarios, the results pointed that the hydraulic performance of the system were strongly affected by the population determination method used. For the same drained area the diameters range from 150 to 250 mm as well as the trench’s deep, where some stretches exceeded the maximum values contained in the standard. Besides, the variation of the sewage contribution rate due the population variation estimated in different scenarios, led to alterations in others important project parameters, such as slope, shallow pool, tensile stress and spreading velocity

Estudo da variação da porcentagem e da estimativa de geração de gás metano para o aterro sanitário do município de Rio Claro - SP

Increased demand for energy and the search for alternative energy sources are remarkable and current facts. The management of domestic solid waste is also part of the issue in view of the possibility of power generation in existing landfills, which could provide financial autonomy to the system of waste management and improve the environmental balance of landfills in Brazil, currently only used for final solids disposal. Landfill gas is a viable alternative energy source has been tested in landfills in the World and in Brazil. Thus, the research aimed to evaluate the percentage of methane (CH4) present in three sinks of gases from a landfill in the municipality of Rio Claro – SP (Brazil), and to estimate the potential methane generation over its life through the application of a mathematical model. As a result it was found that in general the percentage of methane present in the gases is significant, between 50 and 62%. It was also noted that waste with disposal time between 8 and 12 months already are in the methanogenic stage. Finally, there was a tendency to increase the generation of methane in the transition periods of rain and drought

Zoneamento geoambiental como instrumento de planejamento e gestão de recursos do pólo cerâmico de Santa Gertrudes

The disorded and unnplaned occupation is not recent in out territory but it concerns to a historical territorial invasion that roots the time of our country discovery. However, they have started to cause issues nowadays, as in the case of urban conurbations. Somehow these unorganized urban, industrial and agricultural occupations did not have any sort of information or indication of the appropriate situation at that time. Because of that there has been researches by several groups to induce the users of the several renewable and non renewable resources to explore them according to their natural potential capacity.The Ceramic Pole of Santa Gertrudes, the national largest producer of ceramic tile, faces this problem of disorder occupation. Among other themes, the reorganization of the physical environment, proposed by several groups of researchers and scholars of this subject, is gaining attention now.The method of Geoenvironmental Zoning results in a way of prevention from this issue. Crossing information of the physical environment and generating maps whose areas and subdivisions have similar characteristics, it is possible to manage studies and handle these areas according to their potentiality.

Proposta de implementação da ISO 14001 em uma empresa química

Due to environmental concerns and the current legal requirements, companies are looking for ways to reconcile economic growth with environmental preservation. The purpose of this project is to show the stages of implementation of ISO 14001 in a chemical company and propose changes in chemical procedures creating goals to be achieved. In this paper, the study for the implementation of ISO 14001 is in Viapol ltda., where the lack of environmental management can cause enormous impact to the environment and may generate air, soil and water pollution. The project resulted in a mapping of all the processes and a broad survey of waste and emissions, generating proposals to change some of the processes and and creating programs to achieve the goals and objectives proposed in the Environmental Policy. Adopting an environmental management system (EMS), the company will reduce costs by decreasing the amount of raw material used, shooting down on waste disposal and the amount of it, and increasing productivity. By committing to the implementation of the EMS, companies will be demonstrating a proactive approach to environmental issues and enrich its image to consumers’ point of view

Remoção de cromo de resíduos de curtumes por argilitos da formação Corumbataí - SP

The tanning wastes are characterized to be significant sources of pollution in the hydrosphere when non adjusted or disposed adequated form. That happens because this industry type uses the chromium to tan hides, and this element is present in discharges concentrations in final wastes, characterizing this waste type as dangerous, according to the Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, através da Norma Brasileira 10.004 de 2004. Due to this, the research proposes a form to reduction chromium of the tanning wastes through the process of adsorption. For that were used mining-wastes of Corumbataí Formation clays, material commonly used in the production of ceramic products in Rio Claro (SP). They were accomplished laboratory essays that involved the preparation of different clays pulps and subsequent mixture of these with the tanning wastes, maintaining them under different mixing times and adsorption contacts. After the separation of the mixtures, the leached were chemically analyzed and it was seen the efficiency of chromium reduction and your relationship with the variation of different times of contact clays/wastes and different grain sizes used in the pulps preparation.

Proposta metodológica para a correção do coeficiente de retorno de esgoto sanitário em unidades com sistemas de aproveitamento de água pluvial

The use of rainwater for non-potable purposes generates a reduction in the consumption of treated water, however, this reduction is not observed in the generation of wastewater, as this is independent of the water source. In Brazil, the pricing on the services of collection and treatment of sewage, in general, is based on the coefficient of return of the sewage disposal system, which has a relation sewer / water proportional to the consumption of treated water measured at the consumer unit. The use of rainwater originating from utilization systems infer on the coefficient, underestimating the volume of wastewater generated. Therefore, this study presents a methodology for setting the coefficient of return. Different roof areas, reservoir volumes and rates of water consumption situations were simulated. The behavior of adjustment of the coefficient of return were also analyzed for the average area per capita roof (m² / inhabitant) of Rio Claro - SP. As a result, it can be seen that the adjustment of the coefficient of return is directly proportional to the increase of the roof areas and the volumes of reservoirs, and inversely proportional to the total water demand. The corrected coefficient of return showed the minimum value of 0.83 and a maximum value of 1.45, this variation corresponds to the maximum ratio between the demands of total water and rainwater, since the exploitation of rain water should be used only for non-potable uses, according to NBR 15527 / 07. To the municipality of Rio Claro - SP was noted an adjustment of the coefficient of return ranging from 0.99 to 6.61

Análise ambiental simplificada no entorno de águas superficiais na bacia do rio Corumbataí (SP)

The basin of the Corumbataí river is of vital importance to over 600 thousand people, who depend on its waters for consumption. The Simplified Analisys of Environmental Impacts in the Areas Surrounding the Surface Waters of the Drainage Basin of the Corumbataí River (SP) is aimed at defining the areas which are most susceptible to degradation or already damaged and propose engineering solutions according to the environmental problems identified. Using a questionnaire to indicate possible impacts in the surroundings, I related human actions to these damage and quantified them. Having studied the basin extensively and selected 42 areas - generically identified as points and grouped as sub-basins and according to the soil usage -, I was able to identify the main environmental impacts in the basin as: sugar cane monoculture, lack of riparian forest, damaged areas due to mining, the bad state of rural roads and bridges, rubbish disposal alongside roads or directly into the river, accelerated and unplanned expansion of residential and industrial areas into the rural areas and river sources, and Rio Claro's untreated city wastewater

Mapeamento da condutividade hidráulica da cobertura do aquífero Guarani, situado na bacia hidrográfica dos rios Jacaré-Guaçú e Jacaré-Pepira, na porção centro-norte do estado de São Paulo

Given the importance of preserving the water quality of the Guarani Aquifer, the work done in the hydrographic basin of the rivers Jacaré-Guaçú e Jacaré-Pepira, located in the central-northern São Paulo state, was made to map the hydraulic conductivity from the use of some empirical methods associated with granulometric analysis and in situ testing, specifically with the Guelph permeameter. All results were submitted to a correlation analysis and subsequently mapped using the methodology of minimum curvature, based on numerical techniques Spline. These procedures provide for studies of aquifer vulnerability and assist in decision making in environmental projects and guidelines for urban planning

Imigração, cooperativismo e meio ambiente: estudo de caso da cidade de Holambra - SP

O Brasil sempre teve a característica de receber e abrigar os mais diversos povos, que procuram adaptar sua cultura e seus conhecimentos ao novo local. Alguns municípios possuem características muito fortes dessa adaptação, e um dos casos é o município de Holambra, no interior do estado de São Paulo. No local onde se localizava a colônia de imigração e agora se localiza o município, foi iniciada uma colônia de imigração holandesa. Os colonos passaram a ser direcionados pela Cooperativa, criada para auxiliar a colonização e adaptação ao novo país. O compartilhamento de experiências fez com que a colonização fosse muito bem sucedida. Até os dias atuais, muitos costumes adquiridos da experiência ainda são utilizados, como é o caso do uso de Cooperativas para auxilio na produção agrícola, além da troca de experiências, entre os cooperados, positivas e bastante focadas atualmente no meio ambiente. O trabalho em questão associa a imigração, o cooperativismo e a experiência de um produtor rural no município de Holambra, para mostrar como os laços e contatos criados na sociedade podem melhorar a sustentabilidade do meio ambiente.

Licenciamento ambiental: diretrizes legais e procedimentos técnicos aplicáveis no Estado de São Paulo

The challenge of coexistence in a socio-economic development with the recuperation and maintenance of environmental quality drove the control instruments implementation and planning of capable activities to cause the environment degradation which detaches the environmental license. However, the expressive number of applicable norms and the fragmented form whose are formulated injure its comprehension and its application. Therefore, the objectives of this present work was raise and discuss in a systematic and integrated form the main lawful directives and its co accounts technical procedures to the environmental license in the State of São Paulo.

Dutovias: aspectos gerais e a questão ambiental na definição de trajetos terrestres

Taking into account the consistent and important expansion of the Brazilian oil and gas pipelines network in the last years, this work discusses how these lines are planned regarding the continental environmental context. Its central objective is to show how studies to select alternative lines are made before a gas or oil pipeline is installed. These studies help to choose routes in which the environment is less affected by the pipeline, and use specific methods, technologies, and tools. Bibliographical studies combined with interviews and discussions with experts of the oil and gas sector were used to support this monograph.

Caracterização da radioatividade das águas do aquífero Guarani

This research aimed to evaluate the quality of “Aquifer Guarani’s” waters in the context of the current legislation related to the radioactive aspects, besides correlating the values obtained with chemical data already available, seeking to make an integrated analysis of the data in order to establish possible tendencies with directions of underground flow. The determinations of the total radioactivity beta and alpha were accomplished through the employment of the available infrastructure at the LABIDRO – Laboratory of Isotope and Hydrochemistry of the Petrology and Metallogeny of UNESP’s Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences, largely implanted through resources supplied by FAPESP and CNPq. The systems were gauged for the determinations of interest with tracer of known activity. Preliminaries tests were accomplished with high radioactivity samples of water to check the applicability of the methods. It was ended that the waters analyzed possess low radioactivity, as much alpha as total beta, and, therefore, they are appropriate for the human consumption; that there is not lineal relationship between the obtained data and the chemical data already available; and that the direction of the underground flow of the Aquifer doesn't check any tendency to the generated data.

Uma abordagem de multiagentes brownianos para a modelagem e simulação da dinâmica das populações no contágio da esquistossomose

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Análise paleogeográfica evolutiva da região do Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso (PEIC), litoral sul de São Paulo, como subsídio a ações de planejamento e conservação ambiental

Cardoso Island, settled in the south of paulista region, is characterized by its ecological importance due to the great biodiversity of Mata Atlântica and for accommodating several kinds of ecosystems as mangroves, which were considered by UNESCO as human natural ownership. The mangroves are among the most important marine ecosystems, known as warranty of biological productivity and diversity and supply of food and economical resources to the local population. Although the island has been transformed in a state park for preservation, it hasn’t become free from environmental impacts made by antropical activities. This way it was proposed a rebuilt of an evolutionary process in the region, having as an objective to subsidize programs of environmental conservation and planning , aiming to a sustainable development. For this it was used a isobasis methodological analyses where by the drainage channels and its confluences makes relative maps to the different base levels represented by the isobasis, characterizing itself by an attempt to rebuilt the preterit local landscape. There were elaborated eight maps referring to four orders of confluences met in the region of Cardoso Island and round it where you can conclude it is about an appropriate methodology to rebuilt preterits environments that specially aim to actions of environmental planning and conservation.