Tourism and environment case study of Fort James Dickenson Bay, Antigua

Includes bibliography

El comercio internacional en el Caribe y su transporte por vía marítima

Para los países del Caribe, el comercio internacional de bienes y su transporte son más relevantes que para muchos otros en la región (véase Boletín FAL No. 136http://www.eclac.cl/transporte/noticias/bolfall/3/4993/fal136~1.htm) y la subregión está fuertemente afectada por los cambios estructurales en el transporte marítimo (véase Boletín FAL No. 142http://www.eclac.cl/transporte/noticias/bolfall/0/5000/fal142.htm).Para analizar estos temas, la Unidad de Transporte y la subsede de la CEPAL (Trinidad y Tobago), organizaron conjuntamente una Reunión de Expertos, que tuvo lugar en Puerto España, Trinidad y Tobago, entre el 14 y el 15 de septiembre de 2000. Participaron 26 representantes de diferentes instituciones y organizaciones académicas, intergubernamentales, financieras, y empresariales.La presente edición del Boletín FAL informa sobre algunos de los resultados de esa reunión. El informe completo de la reunión se publicó bajo la sigla ECLAC LC/CAR/G.621; para solicitarlo en formato electrónico o impreso, sírvase contactar a Lance Busby,LBusby@ECLACPOS.org. Para mayor información sobre el transporte marítimo en el Caribe, sírvase contactar a Jan Hoffmann, JHoffmann@ECLAC.cl.

"Indigitado estrupício": arqueologia e significados acerca do muro do Forte do Presépio (Belém-Pará)

Entre os anos de 1999 e 2002, o Forte do Presépio em Belém (PA), foi alvo de pesquisas multidisciplinares voltadas ao seu restauro e adequação com vias à sua musealização na conjuntura do Projeto Feliz Lusitânia. Uma das ciências que se dedicou a essa investigação foi a arqueologia, tendo tido uma atuação significativa na condução desse projeto. Durante esse processo, uma questão tomou dimensões exteriores à pesquisa arqueológica: a derrubada de um muro que se afigurava entre a rua e a fortificação. Neste contexto, o muro foi considerado uma "fantasmagoria" que impedia a antiga simbiose entre a fortaleza e a cidade. Contudo, a demolição da muralha foi uma decisão tomada à revelia da equipe de arqueologia, mas de acordo com os interesses estético-funcionais do plano museológico. Para justificar essa ação, uma série de atribuições de sentidos foi dada ao referido artefato ("indigitado estrupício”, “estrovenga", “aberração”). Isto posto, este trabalho pretende debater dois aspectos: (a) os significados dados ao muro, entendido como artefato capaz de suscitar ";;maneiras distintas de ver e agir no mundo"; e (b) o posicionamento efetivo da equipe de arqueologia diante da derrubada do muro.

Impactos da ocupação urbana e qualidade das águas superficiais na microbacia da Va-de-Cães (Belém/PA)

A microbacia hidrográfica de Val-de-Cães, com 10,10Km², situada na porção norte do Município de Belém, apresenta como característica a densa ocupação urbana, representada por ocupações clandestinas, conjuntos residenciais e por áreas institucionais. O presente estudo analisa os impactos provenientes pelas principais formas de ocupação e uso da microbacia de Val-de-Cães, utilizando como indicador a qualidade das águas superficiais do corpo hídrico. As análises das águas foram realizadas em dois períodos, um chuvoso (fevereiro) e outro seco (agosto), sendo determinados os seguintes parâmetros: turbidez, condutividade, cor, pH, Oxigênio Dissolvido, temperatura, componentes nitrogenados, Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio, metais, óleos e graxas e coliformes totais e fecais. A água do igarapé revelou valores elevados na jusante do igarapé, possivelmente pela influência direta da baia do Guajará, para o pH, óleos e graxas, coliformes e Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio. Na nascente os parâmetros de coliformes totais e Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio apresentam valores que são considerados elevados em relação aos demais pontos de coleta, mas é o local que apresenta considerável número de palafitas nas proximidades e pouca vegetação. A presença de efluentes domésticos e esgotos são retratados principalmente pela quantidade de coliformes, óleos e graxas, turbidez e teor de fósforo nas amostras coletadas em ambos os períodos e pelo grande número de pontos de descargas que aumentam a cada dia.

Immunolocalization of myosin Va in the developing nervous system of embryonic chicks

Myosins are molecular motors associated with the actin cytoskeleton that participate in the mechanisms of cellular motility. During the development of the nervous system, migration of nerve cells to specific sites, extension of growth cones, and axonal transport are dramatic manifestations of cellular motility. We demonstrate, via immunoblots, the expression of myosin Va during early stages of embryonic development in chicks, extending from the blastocyst period to the beginning of the fetal period. The expression of myosin Va in specific regions and cellular structures of the nervous system during these early stages was determined by immunocytochemistry using a polyclonal antibody. Whole mounts of chick embryos at 24-30-h stages showed intense immunoreactivity of the neural tube in formation along its full extent. Cross-sections at these stages of development showed strong labeling in neuroepithelial cells at the basal and apical regions of the neural tube wall. Embryos at more advanced periods of development (48h and 72 h) showed distinctive immunolabeling of neuroepithelial cells, neuroblasts and their cytoplasmic extensions in the mantle layer of the stratified neural tube wall, and neuroblasts and their cytoplasmic extensions in the internal wall of the optic cup, as well as a striking labeling of cells in the apparent nuclei of cranial nerves and budding fibers. These immunolocalization studies indicate temporal and site-specific expression of myosin Va during chick embryo development, suggesting that myosin Va expression is related to recruitment for specific cellular tasks.

Inicial nasal mucosa detachment using piezoelectric device in the Le Fort I osteotomy: A technical note

In maxillary Le Fort I type osteotomy the detachment of the nasal mucosa should be done carefully. Piezoelectric surgery contributed much to increase the safety of osteotomies, despite the initial advantage of minimizing the risk of injury in nervous tissue, mainly in bilateral sagittal split osteotomy; we use the piezoelectric device for the initial detachment of the nasal mucosa in the maxillary osteotomy.

The use of a bite fork to help mobilize the maxilla after downfracture during the Le Fort I osteotomy: a technical note

Introduction The Le Fort I osteotomy is indicated to reposition the maxilla in the surgical correction of dentofacial deformities. Although it is a known surgical step, like any surgical procedure, it can have complications and difficulties; among these, the initial mobility of the jaw is very common after completing all corticotomies. Methods The authors present a technique in which the bite fork is used as an auxiliary tool in maxilla downfracture, especially in cases of maxillary impaction where vertical space is created on the walls of the corticotomy. Findings As the bite fork acts as a scraper with a long leverage arm, an advantage would be the better distribution of forces along the corticotomy, minimizing the risk of bad fracture and facilitating maxillary downfracture movement.

“PROVINCIALISM, PICKING SIDES AND BIAS: EFFECTS OF GEOGRAPHY ON MEDIA COVERAGE OF CRYSTAL BRIDGES MUSEUM OF AMERICAN ART, 2005-10.”

The development of Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art in Bentonville, Arkansas, by Wal-Mart heiress Alice Walton has prompted diverse coverage from print and online media. This investigation looked at trends in news stories and commentary from 2005-10 to show how the location of a medium affected coverage. Through the author’s own observations and interviews with journalists and other interested parties, several trends emerged. Media outlets outside Arkansas portrayed the museum as trying to plunder the cultural heritage of local communities and relied partly on the museum’s association with Wal-Mart and stereotypes of Arkansas to frame coverage. Arkansas media, faced with limited cooperation from the museum’s public relations apparatus, typically played a cheerleader role, at times overemphasizing the importance of the collection in the art world and showcasing few critical voices in stories about acquisitions and other areas of the museum’s development.

The types of Lygistorrhinidae and Mycetophilidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) in the KwaZulu-Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa

An annotated list of the type specimens of Lygistorrhinidae and Mycetophilidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) at the KwaZulu-Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa is provided. Information on 54 type specimens, three lygistorrhinids and 51 mycetophilids, with details of labels and actual preservation of the specimens is furnished. Locality data are georeferenced and habitus images of type specimens are provided.

Catalogue of the type material of Neriidae (Diptera, Schizophora) in the collection of the Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin, Germany

The Diptera collection of the Natural History Museum Berlin holds one of the most important collections of Neriidae. In this paper, the type specimens (holotypes, lectotypes, paratypes, paralectotypes, syntypes) of this historical collection are listed. 28 species-group taxa are dealt with. A lectotype designation is made for the species Brachantichir purpusianus Enderlein, 1922 in order to fix the identity of the name. Holotypes are recognized by monotypy of the species Chaetomeristes bullatus Enderlein, 1922; Chaetomeristes peruanus Enderlein, 1922; Derocephalus angusticollis Enderlein, 1922; Glyphidops limbatus Enderlein, 1922; Longina abdominalis Wiedemann, 1830; Loxozus clavicornis Enderlein, 1922; Oncopsia mexicana Enderlein, 1922; Paranerius fibulatus Enderlein, 1922; Telostylinus dahli Enderlein, 1922; Telostylus latibrachium Enderlein, 1922; and Telostylinus luridus Enderlein, 1922. Syntypes are labelled and listed for Brachantichir robusta Enderlein, 1922; Nerius terebratus Enderlein, 1922; Odontoloxozus punctulatus Enderlein, 1922; Telostylinus apicalis Enderlein, 1922; Telostylinus obscuratus Enderlein, 1922; and Telostylinus ornatipennis Enderlein, 1922. The account concludes with geographic and taxonomic summaries; an appendix listing the abbreviations, localities, and collectors cited in the text; and a bibliography. ((c) 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Mycetophilidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha) type specimens in the Iziko South African Museum, Cape Town

FAPESP [2008/52324-6]

A catalogue of the types of Bolitophilidae and Ditomyiidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha) in the collection of the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris

An annotated list is provided of the type specimens of seven species of Bolitophilidae Winnertz, 1863 and Ditomyiidae Keilin, 1919 (Diptera, Bibionomorpha) the Museum national d' Histoire naturelle (Paris).

Biogeographic and diversification patterns of Neotropical Troidini butterflies (Papilionidae) support a museum model of diversity dynamics for Amazonia

Background: The temporal and geographical diversification of Neotropical insects remains poorly understood because of the complex changes in geological and climatic conditions that occurred during the Cenozoic. To better understand extant patterns in Neotropical biodiversity, we investigated the evolutionary history of three Neotropical swallowtail Troidini genera (Papilionidae). First, DNA-based species delimitation analyses were conducted to assess species boundaries within Neotropical Troidini using an enlarged fragment of the standard barcode gene. Molecularly delineated species were then used to infer a time-calibrated species-level phylogeny based on a three-gene dataset and Bayesian dating analyses. The corresponding chronogram was used to explore their temporal and geographical diversification through distinct likelihood-based methods. Results: The phylogeny for Neotropical Troidini was well resolved and strongly supported. Molecular dating and biogeographic analyses indicate that the extant lineages of Neotropical Troidini have a late Eocene (33-42 Ma) origin in North America. Two independent lineages (Battus and Euryades + Parides) reached South America via the GAARlandia temporary connection, and later became extinct in North America. They only began substantive diversification during the early Miocene in Amazonia. Macroevolutionary analysis supports the "museum model" of diversification, rather than Pleistocene refugia, as the best explanation for the diversification of these lineages. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that: (i) current Neotropical biodiversity may have originated ex situ; (ii) the GAARlandia bridge was important in facilitating invasions of South America; (iii) colonization of Amazonia initiated the crown diversification of these swallowtails; and (iv) Amazonia is not only a species-rich region but also acted as a sanctuary for the dynamics of this diversity. In particular, Amazonia probably allowed the persistence of old lineages and contributed to the steady accumulation of diversity over time with constant net diversification rates, a result that contrasts with previous studies on other South American butterflies.