Insoluble Residues of the Lower Mississippian Limestones of the Madison Group

The correlation of non-fossiliferous drill samples is one of the difficult problems that is en­countered in sub-surface stratigraphy. In order to truly correlate a formation, it must have some dis tinctive features and have an areal persistence of these features. These requirements are probably met best by limestone.

An Isopach Map and Discussion of the Marine Jurassic of Western United Sates and Canada

Recent demands for petroleum to carry on the war effort have resulted in widespread prospecting in the northern Great Plains. Nearly all oil wells now drilled are of a depth to penetrate the marine Jurassic formations. It is known that these strata differ in thickness from place to place, but information of distribution, thickness, and lithology has not yet been compiled.

Rugose Corals of the Madison Group

One of the best types of index fossils, and one which occurs most plentifully in the Madison group of formations in Montana, and yet, one which has been little studied, is the group of rugose, or cup, corals. Perhaps this group of fossils has not been studied in detail because their distinguishing characteristics are mainly internal, and labo­ratory preparation in the form of thin section or polished surfaces is necessary to bring out these characteristics.

The Geology of the Limespur-Sappington Area

The area to be surveyed was divided up into sections add each crew of three or four members was assigned one of these sections. The first two days were spent in studying and mapping the geologic section in the South Boulder Canyon where we obtained practice in alidade surveying, brunton, pacing, and auto traverse.

The Amplifier - v. 5, no. 13

In this issue...M-Day, Theta Tau, Robert H. Hoy, Professor McAshcan, Student Wives Club, tennis, Junior Prom, Copper Guards, E.I.T. Examination, Coed Room, Student Union Building

The role of mundane mobility and contact in dialect death and dialect birth

Urry begins his 2007 book, Mobilities, by throwing some quite stunning statistics at his readers: in 2010, there were one billion legal international arrivals at ports and airports; in 1800 people in the US travelled on average 50 metres per day, today it is 50 kilometres per day; 8.7% of world employment is in tourism; and, at any one time, there are 360,000 passengers in flight above the United States (2007: 3-4). But very many of these mobilities for the individuals concerned are or have become rather unexceptional – a flight to a holiday in Majorca or Florida, a journey on a crowded commuter train into Madrid or Tokyo, a cross-Channel ferry to Calais in France to pick up some cheap wine and a camembert. Whilst much of the theoretically influential dialectological literature on mobility reports on long-distance, often permanent, often dangerous migrations, I turn our attention here to the dialectological consequences of this unexceptional everyday movement. I will argue here that, just as more dramatic and long-distance mobilities can trigger linguistic change, so too can the much more mundane movements we engage in in everyday life. I demonstrate that the linguistic consequences of that contact are similar if not the same – perhaps less dramatic, perhaps involving the convergence of an initially less divergent array of variants – but typologically of the same ilk. And I demonstrate that because these mobilities have been long-term, intensive and ongoing, their consequences on the dialect landscape have been highly significant. Important to remember, however, is that these mobilities are socially stratified and unevenly distributed. As Wolff put it: “the suggestion of free and equal mobility is … a deception, since we don’t all have the same access to the road” (1993: 253).

Sediment dynamics in the subaquatic channel of the Rhone delta (Lake Geneva, France/Switzerland)

bstract With its smaller size, well-known boundary conditions, and the availability of detailed bathymetric data, Lake Geneva’s subaquatic canyon in the Rhone Delta is an excellent analogue to understand sedimentary pro- cesses in deep-water submarine channels. A multidisciplinary research effort was undertaken to unravel the sediment dynamics in the active canyon. This approach included innovative coring using the Russian MIR sub- mersibles, in situ geotechnical tests, and geophysical, sedimentological, geochemical and radiometric analysis techniques. The canyon floor/levee complex is character- ized by a classic turbiditic system with frequent spillover events. Sedimentary evolution in the active canyon is controlled by a complex interplay between erosion and sedimentation processes. In situ profiling of sediment strength in the upper layer was tested using a dynamic penetrometer and suggests that erosion is the governing mechanism in the proximal canyon floor while sedimen- tation dominates in the levee structure. Sedimentation rates progressively decrease down-channel along the levee structure, with accumulation exceeding 2.6 cm/year in the proximal levee. A decrease in the frequency of turbidites upwards along the canyon wall suggests a progressive confinement of the flow through time. The multi-proxy methodology has also enabled a qualitative slope-stability assessment in the levee structure. The rapid sediment loading, slope undercutting and over-steepening, and increased pore pressure due to high methane concentrations hint at a potential instability of the proximal levees. Fur- thermore, discrete sandy intervals show very high methane concentrations and low shear strength and thus could cor- respond to potentially weak layers prone to scarp failures.

Timing of Tertiary Extension in the Railroad Valley Pioche Transect, Nevada: Constraints from Ar-40/Ar-39 Ages of Volcanic Rocks

Time-space relations of extension and volcanism place critical constraints on models of Basin and Range extensional processes. This paper addresses such relations in a 130-km-wide transect in the eastern Great Basin, bounded on the east by the Ely Springs Range and on the west by the Grant and Quinn Canyon ranges. Stratigraphic and structural data, combined with 40Ar/39Ar isotopic ages of volcanic rocks, document a protracted but distinctly episodic extensional history. Field relations indicate four periods of faulting. Only one of these periods was synchronous with nearby volcanic activity, which implies that volcanism and faulting need not be associated closely in space and time. Based on published dates and the analyses reported here, the periods of extension were (1) prevolcanic (pre-32 Ma), (2) early synvolcanic (30 to 27 Ma), (3) immediately postvolcanic (about 16 to 14 Ma), and (4) Pliocene to Quaternary. The break between the second and third periods is distinct. The minimum gap between the first two periods is 2 Ma, but the separation may be much larger. Temporal separation of the last two periods is only suggested by the stratigraphic record and cannot be rigorously demonstrated with present data. The three younger periods of faulting apparently occurred across the entire transect. The oldest period is recognized only at the eastern end of the transect, but appears to correlate about 150 km northward along strike with extension in the Northern Snake Range-Kern Mountains area. Therefore the oldest period also is regional in extent, but affected a different area than that affected by younger periods. This relation suggests that distinct extensional structures and master detachment faults were active at different times. The correlation of deformation periods of a few million years duration across the Railroad Valley-Pioche transect suggests that the scale of active extensional domains in the Great Basin may be greater than 100 km across strike.

Into the abyss of Lake Geneva: the elemo interdisciplinary field investigation using the MIR submersibles

In summer 2011, the two Russian MIR sub- mersibles were brought to Switzerland to perform deep water dives in Lake Geneva. Research teams from several environmental science institutes, both national and inter- national, participated in this interdisciplinary effort to investigate the deeper parts of Lake Geneva. Using the MIRs allowed the scientists to see and precisely select the sites where they could extract specific sediment cores and carry out detailed in situ measurements at the sediment– water boundary. One focus site was the surrounding of the outlet of the wastewater treatment plant of the City of Lausanne, which discharges into the Vidy Bay. The investigations concentrated on the pollution of the local sediments, pollution-related ecotoxicological risks, micro- bial activity and spreading and removal of the effluents from the bay to the open waters of the lake. The other focus site was the Rhoˆne River delta and its subaquatic canyons, which formed as a result of the long-term interplay of the deposition of river-borne sediments and flood-triggered canyon erosion events.

Functional correction in mouse models of muscular dystrophy using exon-skipping tricyclo-DNA oligomers

Antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) hold promise for therapeutic correction of many genetic diseases via exon skipping, and the first AON-based drugs have entered clinical trials for neuromuscular disorders1, 2. However, despite advances in AON chemistry and design, systemic use of AONs is limited because of poor tissue uptake, and recent clinical reports confirm that sufficient therapeutic efficacy has not yet been achieved. Here we present a new class of AONs made of tricyclo-DNA (tcDNA), which displays unique pharmacological properties and unprecedented uptake by many tissues after systemic administration. We demonstrate these properties in two mouse models of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), a neurogenetic disease typically caused by frame-shifting deletions or nonsense mutations in the gene encoding dystrophin3, 4 and characterized by progressive muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy, respiratory failure5 and neurocognitive impairment6. Although current naked AONs do not enter the heart or cross the blood-brain barrier to any substantial extent, we show that systemic delivery of tcDNA-AONs promotes a high degree of rescue of dystrophin expression in skeletal muscles, the heart and, to a lesser extent, the brain. Our results demonstrate for the first time a physiological improvement of cardio-respiratory functions and a correction of behavioral features in DMD model mice. This makes tcDNA-AON chemistry particularly attractive as a potential future therapy for patients with DMD and other neuromuscular disorders or with other diseases that are eligible for exon-skipping approaches requiring whole-body treatment.

Na 1 Nachlass Max Horkheimer, 17 - Korrespondenzen u.a. mit M. Gosling (p. I 9, 1-159)

11 Briefe zwischen M. Gosling und Max Horkheimer, 1935-1938; 1 Brief von Ellen Gottschalk an 04.08.1936; 1 Brief von Brill an Max Horkheimer, 15.08.1936; 2 Briefe zwischen Louise Gottschalk und Max Horkheimer, 06.12.1937, 19.04.1937; 3 Briefe zwischen Max Gottschalk und Max Horkheimer, 1941, 23.01.1941; 2 Briefe zwischen Nemes Gottschalk und Max Horkheimer, 29.03.1939, 03.04.1939; 2 Briefe zwischen Lawrence Gould und Max Horkheimer, 12.01.1947, 04.01.1947; 4 Briefe zwischen Isaeque Graeber und Max Horkheimer, 20.07.1941, 1941; 4 Briefe zwischen Malborne W. Graham und Max Horkheimer, 17.10.1940, 1940; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an J. A. C. Grant, 23.10.1940; 2 Briefe zwischen dem Grant Grove Lodge Kings Canyon National Park California und Max Horkheimer, 30.09.1946, 04.10.1946; 4 Brefe zwischen Liesel Gras und Max Horkheimer, 1948, 02.04.1948; 2 Briefe zwischen Claire F. Gravel und 23.03.1942, 26.03.1942; 1 Brief und 4 Briefentwürfe von Max Horkheimer an Edward S. Greenbaum, 20.06.1940; 13 Briefe zwischen B. Groethuysen und Max Horkheimer, 1935-1937; 1 Hochzeitsanzeige von Isabelle Grossen, 26.11.1938; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Isabelle Grossen, 17.12.1938; 1 Brief von Kurt Grossmann an Max Horkheimer, 29.12.1939; 3 Briefe von Eva Grosz an Max Horkheimer, 1937; 5 Briefe zwischen Franz M. Groedel und Max Horkheimer, 1939, Oktober 1939; 7 Briefe zwischen Emil Grünberg und Max Horkheimer, 1935-1940; 1 Brief von B. M. Telders an Max Horkheimer, 27.09.1938; 3 Briefe zwischen dem Academic Assistance Council London und Max Horkheimer, 1935, 29.03.1935; 1 Briefentwurft von Max Horkheimer an Karl Grünberg, 07.02.1936; 1 Brief von Juliette Favez an Max Horkheimer, 07.02.1936; 3 Briefe zwsichen Martin Grünberg und Max Horkheimer, November 1938, 18.11.1938; 3 Briefe zwischen Alfred Grünebaum und Max Horkheimer, 10.01.1939, 1939; 2 Briefe zwischen D. E. Grünebaum und Max Horkheimer, 24.11.1940, 02.12.1940; 3 Briefe zwischen Richard Güldenstein und Max Horkheimer, August 1937, 17.08.1937; 1 Brief von Daniel Guérin an Max Horkheimer, 13.07.1947; 1 Brief von Max Horkheimer an Guerro, 08.09.1936;

Chemistry of minerals from amphibole-chlorite veins of ODP Site 209-1270

We examined small-scale shear zones in drillcore samples of abyssal peridotites from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. These shear zones are associated with veins consisting of chlorite + actinolite/tremolite assemblages, with accessory phases zircon and apatite, and they are interpreted as altered plagiogranite melt impregnations, which originate from hydrous partial melting of gabbroic intrusion in an oceanic detachment fault. Ti-in-zircon thermometry yields temperatures around 820°C for the crystallization of the evolved melt. Reaction path modeling indicates that the alteration assemblage includes serpentine of the adjacent altered peridotites. Based on the model results, we propose that formation of chlorite occurred at higher temperatures than serpentinization, thus leading to strain localization around former plagiogranites during alteration. The detachment fault represents a major pathway for fluids through the oceanic crust, as evidenced by extremely low d18O of altered plagiogranite veins (+3.0-4.2 per mil) and adjacent serpentinites (+ 2.6-3.7 per mil). The uniform oxygen isotope data indicate that fluid flow in the detachment fault system affected veins and adjacent host serpentinites likewise.

Zircons, isotope ratios and element analyses from tonalite and oxide gabbro of the mid-ocean ridge from ODP Hole 176-735B

A limiting factor in the accuracy and precision of U/Pb zircon dates is accurate correction for initial disequilibrium in the 238U and 235U decay chains. The longest-lived-and therefore most abundant-intermediate daughter product in the 235U isotopic decay chain is 231Pa (T1/2 = 32.71 ka), and the partitioning behavior of Pa in zircon is not well constrained. Here we report high-precision thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) U-Pb zircon data from two samples from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Hole 735B, which show evidence for incorporation of excess 231Pa during zircon crystallization. The most precise analyses from the two samples have consistent Th-corrected 206Pb/238U dates with weighted means of 11.9325 ± 0.0039 Ma (n = 9) and 11.920 ± 0.011 Ma (n = 4), but distinctly older 207Pb/235U dates that vary from 12.330 ± 0.048 Ma to 12.140 ± 0.044 Ma and 12.03 ± 0.24 to 12.40 ± 0.27 Ma, respectively. If the excess 207Pb is due to variable initial excess 231Pa, calculated initial (231Pa)/(235U) activity ratios for the two samples range from 5.6 ± 1.0 to 9.6 ± 1.1 and 3.5 ± 5.2 to 11.4 ± 5.8. The data from the more precisely dated sample yields estimated DPazircon/DUzircon from 2.2-3.8 and 5.6-9.6, assuming (231Pa)/(235U) of the melt equal to the global average of recently erupted mid-ocean ridge basaltic glasses or secular equilibrium, respectively. High precision ID-TIMS analyses from nine additional samples from Hole 735B and nearby Hole 1105A suggest similar partitioning. The lower range of DPazircon/DUzircon is consistent with ion microprobe measurements of 231Pa in zircons from Holocene and Pleistocene rhyolitic eruptions (Schmitt (2007; doi:10.2138/am.2007.2449) and Schmitt (2011; doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-040610-133330)). The data suggest that 231Pa is preferentially incorporated during zircon crystallization over a range of magmatic compositions, and excess initial 231Pa may be more common in zircons than acknowledged. The degree of initial disequilibrium in the 235U decay chain suggested by the data from this study, and other recent high precision datasets, leads to resolvable discordance in high precision dates of Cenozoic to Mesozoic zircons. Minor discordance in zircons of this age may therefore reflect initial excess 231Pa and does not require either inheritance or Pb loss.