Relação parasito-hospedeiro entre Psoroptes equi e eqüinos

Eqüinos abandonados pelos seus proprietários nas margens das principais rodovias federais que cruzam o Estado do Rio de Janeiro foram incluídos neste estudo. Um total de 1.121 eqüinos apreendidos pela Polícia Rodoviária Federal foi examinado de novembro de 1998 a novembro de 2000. Os 107 (9,5%) animais com suspeita clínica de sarna psoróptica foram submetidos a raspados cutâneos superficiais e nestes a espécie Psoroptes equi foi diagnosticada em 37 (34,6%). Não houve associação entre a prevalência da infestação e a idade ou sexo do hospedeiro (chi2, p>0,05). Em relação ao tipo de pelagem, P. equi foi diagnosticada em animais com diferentes cores. A região dorsal (cernelha até a anca) foi a mais afetada.

Validation of a 3D model for oxygen combustion in a circulating fluidized bed

In this thesis, a model called CFB3D is validated for oxygen combustion in circulating fluidized bed boiler. The first part of the work consists of literature review in which circulating fluidized bed and oxygen combustion technologies are studied. In addition, the modeling of circulating fluidized bed furnaces is discussed and currently available industrial scale three-dimensional furnace models are presented. The main features of CFB3D model are presented along with the theories and equations related to the model parameters used in this work. The second part of this work consists of the actual research and modeling work including measurements, model setup, and modeling results. The objectives of this thesis is to study how well CFB3D model works with oxygen combustion compared to air combustion in circulating fluidized bed boiler and what model parameters need to be adjusted when changing from air to oxygen combustion. The study is performed by modeling two air combustion cases and two oxygen combustion cases with comparable boiler loads. The cases are measured at Ciuden 30 MWth Flexi-Burn demonstration plant in April 2012. The modeled furnace temperatures match with the measurements as well in oxygen combustion cases as in air combustion cases but the modeled gas concentrations differ from the measurements clearly more in oxygen combustion cases. However, the same model parameters are optimal for both air and oxygen combustion cases. When the boiler load is changed, some combustion and heat transfer related model parameters need to be adjusted. To improve the accuracy of modeling results, better flow dynamics model should be developed in the CFB3D model. Additionally, more measurements are needed from the lower furnace to find the best model parameters for each case. The validation work needs to be continued in order to improve the modeling results and model predictability.

Comparação da composição bioquímica do líquido amniótico equino colhido em diferentes estágios gestacionais e no momento do parto

A viabilidade e maturidade fetais podem ser estimadas através da avaliação dos fluídos fetais em muitas espécies, no entanto a composição bioquímica do líquido amniótico durante a gestação ainda não está bem definida para a espécie equina. O objetivo deste estudo foi estabelecer e comparar o perfil bioquímico do liquido amniótico em diferentes momentos da gestação e no momento do parto para um melhor entendimento da fisiologia da gestação de equinos. Foram avaliados valores encontrados para pH, osmolaridade, glicose, uréia, creatinina, gamma-GT, sódio, potássio, cloretos e proteína total no liquido amniótico colhido de 122 éguas comparando-se os resultados encontrados entre as colheitas em terço inicial (TI), médio (TM) e final (TF) da gestação e no momento do parto (MP). As amostras colhidas nos períodos gestacionais foram realizadas em frigoríficos abatedouros. As idades gestacionais (IG), em dias, foram definidas através de fórmula de regressão sugerida por Naves et al. (2008), utilizando-se a mensuração crânio-caudal dos fetos. Devido a presença de graus variados de assimetria e desvios de um padrão Gaussiano de distribuição, o teste de Kruskal-Wallis foi usado para comparar a mediana de cada variável-resposta entre os grupos de estudo. Quando houve evidência significante de que pelo menos uma das medianas era diferente das outras, o teste de Wilcoxon foi usado para realizar comparações múltiplas entre os grupos. O método de Bonferroni foi usado para ajustar o valor-P resultante das comparações múltiplas. A análise estatística foi realizada com o procedimento PROC NPAR1WAY e significância estatística foi definida como p<0,05 .pH e osmolaridade do líquido amniótico equino não sofreram alterações significantes entre os terços gestacionais e no momento do parto. Os valores encontrados para glicose foram significativamente menores nas amostras do grupo TF e MP. As concentrações de uréia tenderam ser estatisticamente diferente em pelo menos um dos grupos estudados e foi observado um padrão crescente nas concentrações de creatinina durante as fases gestacionais, enquanto que a concentração encontrada no grupo MP foi igual a concentração encontrada no grupo TF. Valores para gamma GT diferiram apenas entre os grupos TF e MP e mais estudos devem ser conduzidos sobre sua função no liquido amniótico das espécies domésticas. Os valores de sódio e cloretos não diferiram significativamente entre os grupos estudados e as concentrações de potássio diferiram apenas entre os grupos TF e MP refletindo a manutenção do equilíbrio eletrolítico do líquido amniótico equino durante a gestação. As concentrações de proteínas totais variaram de maneira heterogênea entre os grupos, porém todos estes demonstraram baixas concentrações. Concluímos que a composição bioquímica do liquido amniótico equino varia de acordo com o desenvolvimento fetal e pode ser utilizada como mensuração da viabilidade e maturidade do feto no futuro, no entanto devido ao pequeno número de estudos conduzidos e diferenças encontradas em seus resultados, outros estudos devem ser realizados para a melhor definição do perfil bioquímico do líquido amniótico equino durante as fases gestacionais e no momento do parto.

Brainstem auditory-evoked potential in Boxer dogs

Brainstem auditory-evoked potential (BAEP) has been widely used for different purposes in veterinary practice and is commonly used to identify inherited deafness and presbycusis. In this study, 43 Boxer dogs were evaluated using the BAEP. Deafness was diagnosed in 3 dogs (2 bilateral and 1 unilateral) allowing the remaining 40 Boxers to be included for normative data analysis including an evaluation on the influence of age on the BAEP. The animals were divided into 2 groups of 20 Boxers each based on age. The mean age was 4.54 years (range, 1-8) in group I, and 9.83 years (range, 8.5-12) in group II. The mean latency for I, III, and V waves were 1.14 (±0.07), 2.64 (±0.11), and 3.48 (±0.10) ms in group I, and 1.20 (±0.12), 2.73 (±0.15), and 3.58 (±0.22) ms in group II, respectively. The mean inter-peak latencies for the I-III, III-V and I-V intervals were 1.50 (±0.15), 0.84 (±0.15), and 2.34 (±0.11) ms in group I, and 1.53 (±0.16), 0.85 (±0.15), and 2.38 (±0.19) ms in group II, respectively. Latencies of waves I and III were significant different between group I and II. For the I-III, III-V and I-V intervals, no significant differences were observed between the 2 groups. As far as we know, this is the first normative study of BAEP obtained from Boxer dogs.

Morphological and physiological alterations induced by lactofen in soybean leaves are reduced with nitric oxide

Lactofen is a diphenylether herbicide recommended to control broad-leaved weeds in soybean (Glycine max) fields and its mechanism of action is the inhibition of protoporphyrinogen-IX oxidase (Protox), which acts in the chlorophyll biosynthesis. This inhibition results in an accumulation of protoporphyrin-IX, which leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress. Consequently, spots, wrinkling and leaf burn may occur, resulting in a transitory crop growth interruption. However, nitric oxide (NO) acts as an antioxidant in direct ROS scavenging. Thus, the aim of this work was to verify, through phytometric and biochemical evaluations, the protective effect of NO in soybean plants treated with the herbicide lactofen. Soybean plants were pre-treated with different levels of sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO-donor substance, and then sprayed with 168 g a.i. ha-1 lactofen. Pre-treatment with SNP was beneficial because NO decreased the injury symptoms caused by lactofen in young leaflets and kept low the soluble sugar levels. Nevertheless, NO caused slower plant growth, which indicates that further studies are needed in order to elucidate the action mechanisms of NO in signaling the stress caused by lactofen in soybean crop.

INFLUENCE OF SUGARCANE STRAW AND SOWING DEPTH ON THE EMERGENCE OF WEED SPECIES

ABSTRACT This study aimed to understand the influence of sowing depth and the amount of sugarcane straw on the emergence of weed species Luffa aegyptiaca Miller (Cucurbitaceae); Mucuna aterrima Piper & Tracy (Fabaceae - Leguminosae) and Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae). A completely randomized design with a 5 x 4 x 3 factorial layout with four replications was used, at five sowing depths (0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 cm), four different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) and three different evaluation periods (7, 14 and 21 days after sowing). After sowing, different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) were deposited on soil. Seedling emergence was analyzed at 7, 14 and 21 days after sowing, counting the number of seedlings that had emerged. At the end of the trial, weed height (cm), leaf area (cm2) and shoot dry mass (g) were measured. In relation to emergence ability, studied species presented different responses according to sowing depth and to the amount of sugarcane straw deposited on the soil. For the L.aegyptiacaand M.aterrima, no significant difference was observed in the interaction between depth and sugarcane straw, showing the adaptation of these species to no-burn sugarcane system. For R.communis, seeds placed at 0 cm of sugar cane straw depth were observed to favor the emergence of seedlings.

Repository Junction Broker

Poster at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Too many copies: confusion between duplication and versioning

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Atlantic Forest succession over calcareous soil, Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira - PETAR, SP

The forest succession after abandonment of slash-and-burn agriculture over calcareous soil in Brazilian Atlantic Forest was assessed. This is one of the world's most threatened Biome, with only 8% remaining. The study area is located over calcareous soil inside the Alto Ribeira Touristic State Park (PETAR), southeast Brazil. The phytossociological survey showed a successional pattern dominated by species of Leguminosae, especially Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr. This species occurs in calcareous soils as a substitute of Tibouchina pulchra (Cham.) Cogn. (Melastomataceae) that is the most usual dominant tree species in early succession over acidic soil, which is the most common situation in this Biome. These results are important for a better understanding of Neotropical forest biodiversity and characterize a unique genetic bank in this highly endangered Biome. They are also decisive to support actions regarding rehabilitation of degraded lands and a potential tool for Neotropical forest sustainable management, both inside and around the conservation unit.

Biomass Utilization in PFC Co-firing System with the Slagging and Fouling Analysis

Master’s thesis Biomass Utilization in PFC Co-firing System with the Slagging and Fouling Analysis is the study of the modern technologies of different coal-firing systems: PFC system, FB system and GF system. The biomass co-fired with coal is represented by the research of the company Alstom Power Plant. Based on the back ground of the air pollution, greenhouse effect problems and the national fuel security today, the bioenergy utilization is more and more popular. However, the biomass is promoted to burn to decrease the emission amount of carbon dioxide and other air pollutions, new problems form like slagging and fouling, hot corrosion in the firing systems. Thesis represent the brief overview of different coal-firing systems utilized in the world, and focus on the biomass-coal co-firing in the PFC system. The biomass supply and how the PFC system is running are represented in the thesis. Additionally, the new problems of hot corrosion, slagging and fouling are mentioned. The slagging and fouling problem is simulated by using the software HSC Chemistry 6.1, and the emissions comparison between coal-firing and co-firing are simulated as well.

Leijukerroslämmönsiirtimien tukkeutuminen biovoimalaitoksessa

Leijukerroslämmönsiirtimien, eli hiekanpalautuspolvessa sijaitsevien tulistimien tukkeutuminen on ollut Kaukaan Voima Oy:n biovoimalaitoksen suunnittelemattomien seisokkien suurin syy vuodesta 2012 lähtien. Tulistimet tukkeutuvat kahdella tavalla. Nopeassa tukkeutumisessa tulistinkammion seinien kuonakerrostumat romahtavat yhtäkkiä tulistimen päälle tukkien sen. Tämä johtaa aina koko laitoksen alasajoon. Hitaassa tukkeutumisessa tulistinputkien pinnalle muodostuu vähitellen kerrostuma sekä tulistinputkien väliin jää suurempia kappaleita, jotka tukkivat tulistinta. Nopea tukkeutuminen johtuu tuhkassa olevien alkali-, eli kalium- ja natriumyhdisteiden synnyttämistä kerrostumista lämmönsiirrinkammion seinille. Hidas tukkeutuminen johtuu osittain myös alkaliyhdisteistä, mutta merkittävämpi aine tulistinputkien pinnalla olevassa kerrostumissa näyttää olevan kalsiumsulfaatti, joka tukkii tulistinta. Palavan aineen pääsy tulistinkammioon ilmanjakoasetuksista ja tulistinkammion rakenteesta johtuen aiheuttaa kerrostumien syntymisen. Kerrostumien syntymiseen johtavat syyt johtuvat monesta tekijästä ja yksiselitteistä aiheuttajaa on vaikea määritellä. Selvin yhteys on lietteen epätasaisessa poltossa ja turpeen käytössä. Nykyisillä lietteenkäsittelylaitteilla lietteen tasainen syöttö on vaikeaa ja se aiheuttaa ongelmia. Turpeen poltto biopolttoaineiden rinnalla pitää tulistimet puhtaampina. Muita todennäköisiä kerrostumia lisääviä syitä ovat puhtaan hiekan vähäinen syöttömäärä ja usean huonomman polttoaineen yhtäaikainen poltto.

Politica praecepta ad statum imperii Gothico-Svetici accommodata

Painovuosi dedikaation päiväyksestä: Aboâ 22. cal. Ian. 1647. [= 11.12.1646].

Todellisuuden tasot: Luonnon supervenienssi ja tieteenalojen väliset suhteet

Tämä tutkielma käsittelee kysymystä siitä, miten superveniensin käsitettä voidaan soveltaa selitettäessä, miten eri tieteenalojen tutkimat ilmiöt voivat näyttäytyä luonteeltaan erilaisina ja toisiinsa palautumattomina siinäkin tapauksessa, että kaikki ilmiöt nousisivat yhdeltä perustavan fysiikan tasolta. Supervenienssi on tunnettu filosofisena käsitteenä ja sitä on esitetty selitykseksi moniin tämänkaltaisiin kysymyksiin, mutta pelkkänä teoreettisena käsitteenä se on vain osittainen esitys siitä, millainen eri tasojen suhde voisi teoriassa olla. Tässä työssä tutkin, miten empiirisiin tieteisiin pohjautuvat käsitteet suhtautuvat supervenienssin käsitteeseen ja antavat sille tarkemmin määritellyn sisällön sekä todisteita sen olemassaolosta. Ajatus siitä, että kaikki totuudet maailmassa olisivat johdettavissa jollekin yhdelle tasolle, kaipaa tarkennusta. David Chalmers on kirjassaan Constructing the World osoittanut yksityiskohtaisesti, miten tämä ajatus voidaan ymmärtää. On kuitenkin mahdollista väittää myös, että sekä käytännön tieteen että filosofian näkökulmasta on olemassa perusteita uskoa, että maailmassa ei ole yhtä perustasoa vaan useita toisiinsa palautumattomia tasoja. Tällaisen näkemyksen on yksityiskohtaisesti esittänyt ja perustellut John Dupré kirjassaan The Disorder of Things. Duprén esittämien kaltaisiin argumentteihin on mahdollista vastata käyttämällä supervenienssin käsitettä, kunhan sitä käytetään oikein. Supervenienssin ja siihen liittyvän emergenssin käsitteet voidaan ymmärtää eri tavoilla, joista toiset ovat järkevämpiä ja luonnon ymmärrettävyyden kannalta lupaavampia kuin toiset. Olennaista käsitteelle on moninainen toteutuvuus, jossa samat supervenientit ominaisuudet voivat toteutua monella tavalla alemmalla tasolla. Kun tarkastellaan luonnossa esiintyviä supervenienssin kaltaisia ilmiöitä, voidaan huomata fysiikan karkeistuksen käsitteen, jossa systeemiä koskevaa informaatiota katoaa, johtavan supervenienssisuhteeseen. Jack Cohenin ja Ian Stewartin emergenssiin liittyvät argumentit osoittavat, että luonnon supervenienssi johtaa myös siihen, että korkeamman tason ilmiöt voivat toteutua samanlaisina riippumatta siitä, mikä alemman tason pohja toteuttaa ne, ja liikkuminen selityksissä alemman ja ylemmän tason ilmiöiden välillä on usein ongelmallista. Tästä päästään havaintoon, että Duprén esittämä eri tasojen epäyhtenäisyys on käytännön tasolla varsin todellista, eikä tieteessä pitäisikään aina olettaa reduktionistista lähestymistapaa, mutta tämä ei toisaalta tarkoita, että tasojen erot olisivat jyrkkiä ja metafyysisiä. Tietoinen kokemus on ehkä ainoa ilmiö, jonka paikan löytäminen kokonaiskuvassa näyttäytyy periaattessakin hyvin ongelmallisena.

Normal skin and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts differentially regulate collagen and fibronectin expression as well as mitochondrial membrane potential in response to basic fibroblast growth factor

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) regulates skin wound healing; however, the underlying mechanism remains to be defined. In the present study, we determined the effects of bFGF on the regulation of cell growth as well as collagen and fibronectin expression in fibroblasts from normal human skin and from hypertrophic scars. We then explored the involvement of mitochondria in mediating bFGF-inducedeffects on the fibroblasts. We isolated and cultivated normal and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts from tissue biopsies of patients who underwent plastic surgery for repairing hypertrophic scars. The fibroblasts were then treated with different concentrations of bFGF (ranging from 0.1 to 1000 ng/mL). The growth of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts became slower with selective inhibition of type I collagen production after exposure to bFGF. However, type III collagen expression was affected in both normal and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Moreover, fibronectin expression in the normal fibroblasts was up-regulated after bFGF treatment. bFGF (1000 ng/mL) also induced mitochondrial depolarization in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (P < 0.01). The cellular ATP level decreased in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (P < 0.05), while it increased in the normal fibroblasts following treatment with bFGF (P < 0.01). These data suggest that bFGF has differential effects and mechanisms on fibroblasts of the normal skin and hypertrophic scars, indicating that bFGF may play a role in the early phase of skin wound healing and post-burn scar formation.

Avaliação da aceitação de vinhos brancos varietais brasileiros através de testes sensoriais afetivos e técnica multivariada de mapa de preferência interno

A aceitação de nove amostras comerciais de vinhos brancos brasileiros, de três diferentes linhas varietais (Riesling, Chardonnay e Gewürztraminer), foi avaliada por 43 consumidores de vinhos brancos nacionais, utilizando a escala hedônica estruturada de nove pontos. Os provadores foram recrutados através de um questionário de avaliação de hábitos de consumo de vinho branco. Duas metodologias distintas foram utilizadas para avaliar os dados obtidos: o Mapa de Preferência Interno (MDPREF) e Análise de Variância (ANOVA) com comparação de médias (teste de Tukey). Os resultados da ANOVA e Tukey indicaram que duas amostras foram significativamente (p < 0,05) melhor aceitas, obtendo médias de aceitação ao redor de 7, na escala hedônica: uma do varietal Riesling e outra do varietal Gewürztraminer, ambas vinhos brancos suaves. A amostra de menor aceitação (média 4,3) foi um vinho branco demi-sec do varietal Chardonnay. As demais amostras obtiveram aceitação intermediária, apresentando médias ao redor de 5, todas referindo-se a vinhos brancos secos ou demi-sec. O MDPREF confirmou os resultados da ANOVA, indicando que a maior preferência por parte dos provadores foi pelas amostras de vinhos brancos suaves, pois 86% dos consumidores convergiram para a região do mapa de preferência onde situavam-se estas amostras. Apenas 14% indicaram sua preferência por vinhos brancos secos ou demi-sec, convergindo para a região oposta do mapa, onde situavam-se as demais sete amostras. Este estudo sugere que vinhos brancos suaves são mais preferidos pelos consumidores brasileiros, do que vinhos brancos secos ou demi-sec.