Native Americans and nature in Illinois /

The Native Americans and Nature in Illinois activity book from the Illinois Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) is designed to supplement your curriculum in a variety of ways. The information and activities contained in this publication are targeted to grades kindergarten through three and can help you meet the following Illinois Learning Standards: 16.A.1a; 16.C.1a (U.S.).

A small tract entitled A candid and impartial exposition of the various opinions on the subject of the comparative quality of the wheat and flour in the northern and southern sections of the United States, with a view to develop the true cause of the difference. To which are added instructions showing how to improve the character of the northern flour to an equality with that of the South; and preserve the latter from that depreciation which, in some places, it is of late so evidently undergoing;

Mode of access: Internet.

Reflecsiones sobre la constitución política, de la monarquía española, publicada por la córtes estraordinarias en 1812.

Mode of access: Internet.

Songs of the Susquehanna,

"Two hundred and fifty copies of this book printed on Glaslan hand-made paper and the type distributed in the month of February MDCCCCXIV."

I. C. S. reference library; a series of textbooks prepared for the students of the International correspondence schools, and containing in permanent form the instruction papers, examination questions, and keys used in their various courses.

Elements of Pen and Ink Rendering--Rendering with Pen and Brush--Elements of Water-Color Rendering--Rendering in Water Color--Drawing from Nature--Drawing from Cast--Elements of Figure Drawing--Drawing from the Figure.

Manual of determinative mineralogy with an introduction on blowpipe analysis.

Imprint varies.

Varsity" Soccer team, 1916, U

Back Row: W. E. O'Brien, Antonios Panyotides, Reardon Piersol, Kiefer, Thomas Brush

Middle Row: Oscar Kaufman, C.D. Tripolitis, captain Haig Domborajian, Samuel Cohen, Ping Chu Liu

Front Row: William Plummer, Fred Snyder

A red carpet on the Sahara,

Mode of access: Internet.

When to plant bitterbrush--spring or fall? /

Includes bibliographicical references.

Bubble detection in Brazil’s stock market: application of the generalized superior augmented Dickey-Fuller test

Considering the importance of the proper detection of bubbles in financial markets for policymakers and market agents, we used two techniques described in Diba and Grossman (1988b) and in Phillips, Shi, and Yu (2015) to detect periods of exuberance in the recent history of the Brazillian stock market. First, a simple cointegration test is applied. Secondly, we conducted several augmented, right-tailed Dickey-Fuller tests on rolling windows of data to determine the point in which there’s a structural break and the series loses its stationarity.

Effects of pathophysiological concentrations of albumin on NHE3 activity and cell proliferation in primary cultures of human proximal tubule cells

The progression of renal disease correlates strongly with hypertension and the degree of proteinuria, suggesting a link between excessive Na+ reabsorption and exposure of the proximal tubule to protein. The present study investigated the effects of albumin on cell growth and Na+ uptake in primary cultures of human proximal tubule cells (PTC). Albumin (1.0 mg/ml) increased cell proliferation to 134.1 +/- 11.8% (P < 0.001) of control levels with no change in levels of apoptosis. Exposure to 0.1 and 1.0 mg/ml albumin increased total Na-22(+) uptake to 119.1 &PLUSMN; 6.3% (P = 0.005) and 115.6 &PLUSMN; 5.3% (P < 0.006) of control levels, respectively, because of an increase in Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 3 (NHE3) activity. This was associated with an increase in NHE3 mRNA to 161.1 +/- 15.1% (P < 0.005) of control levels in response to 0.1 mg/ml albumin. Using confocal microscopy with a novel antibody raised against the predicted extracellular NH2 terminus of human NHE3, we observed in nonpermeabilized cells that exposure of PTC to albumin (0.1 and 1.0 mg/ml) increased NHE3 at the cell surface to 115.4 &PLUSMN; 2.7% (P < 0.0005) and 122.4 +/- 3.7% (P < 0.0001) of control levels, respectively. This effect was paralleled by significant increases in NHE3 in the subplasmalemmal region as measured in permeabilized cells. These albumin-induced increases in expression and activity of NHE3 in PTC suggest a possible mechanism for Na+ retention in response to proteinuria.

The transform likelihood ratio method for rare event simulation with heavy tails

We present a novel method, called the transform likelihood ratio (TLR) method, for estimation of rare event probabilities with heavy-tailed distributions. Via a simple transformation ( change of variables) technique the TLR method reduces the original rare event probability estimation with heavy tail distributions to an equivalent one with light tail distributions. Once this transformation has been established we estimate the rare event probability via importance sampling, using the classical exponential change of measure or the standard likelihood ratio change of measure. In the latter case the importance sampling distribution is chosen from the same parametric family as the transformed distribution. We estimate the optimal parameter vector of the importance sampling distribution using the cross-entropy method. We prove the polynomial complexity of the TLR method for certain heavy-tailed models and demonstrate numerically its high efficiency for various heavy-tailed models previously thought to be intractable. We also show that the TLR method can be viewed as a universal tool in the sense that not only it provides a unified view for heavy-tailed simulation but also can be efficiently used in simulation with light-tailed distributions. We present extensive simulation results which support the efficiency of the TLR method.

Introduced mammals in Australian rangelands: Future threats and the role of monitoring programmes in management strategies

In the present paper, we have provided an initial assessment of the current and future threats to biodiversity posed by introduced mammals (predators and herbivores) inhabiting the Australian rangelands, exploring trends in populations and options for management. Notably, rabbits have declined in recent years in the wake of rabbit haemorrhagic disease, populations of feral camels have increased dramatically and foxes appear to have moved northwards, thereby threatening native fauna within an expanded range. Following on, we developed a framework for monitoring the impacts of introduced mammals in the Australian rangelands. In doing so, we considered the key issues that needed to be considered in designing a monitoring programme for this purpose and critically evaluated the role of monitoring in pest animal management. Finally we have provided a brief inventory of current best-practice methods of estimating the abundance of introduced mammal populations in the Australian rangelands with some comments on new approaches and their potential applications.

Temperature-dependent sex ratio in a bird

To our knowledge, there is, so far, no evidence that incubation temperature can affect sex ratios in birds, although this is common in reptiles. Here, we show that incubation temperature does affect sex ratios in megapodes, which are exceptional among birds because they use environmental heat sources for incubation. In the Australian brush-turkey Alectura lathami, a mound-building megapode, more males hatch at low incubation temperatures and more females hatch at high temperatures, whereas the proportion is 1 : 1 at the average temperature found in natural mounds. Chicks from lower temperatures weigh less, which probably affects offspring survival, but are not smaller. Megapodes possess heteromorphic sex chromosomes like other birds, which eliminates temperature-dependent sex determination, as described for reptiles, as the mechanism behind the skewed sex ratios at high and low temperatures. Instead, our data suggest a sex-biased temperature-sensitive embryo mortality because mortality was greater at the lower and higher temperatures, and minimal at the middle temperature where the sex ratio was 1 : 1.

Comparative habitat use in Juniper woodland bird community

We compared vegetation structure used by 14 bird species during the 1998 and 1999 breeding seasons to determine what habitat features best accounted for habitat division and community organization in Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma) woodlands of southwestern Wyoming. Habitat use was quantified by measuring 24 habitat variables in 461 bird-centered quadrats, each 0.04 ha in size. Using discriminant function analysis, we differentiated between habitat used by 14 bird species along 3 habitat dimensions: (1) variation in shrub cover, overstory juniper cover, mature tree density, understory height, and decadent tree density; (2) a gradient composed of elevation and forb cover; and (3) variation in grass cover, tree height, seedling/sapling cover, and bare ground/rock cover. Of 14 species considered, 9 exhibited substantial habitat partitioning: Mourning Dove (Zenaida macroura), Bewick's Wren (Thryomanes bewickii), Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea), Mountain Bluebird (Sialia currucoides), Plumbeous Vireo (Vireo plumbeus), Green-tailed Towhee (Pipilo chlorurus), Brewer's Sparrow (Spizella breweri), Dark-eyed Junco (Junco hyemalis), and Cassin's Finch (Carpodacus cassinii). Our results indicate juniper bird communities of southwestern Wyoming are organized along a 3-dimensional habitat gradient composed of woodland maturity, elevation, and juniper recruitment. Because juniper birds partition habitat along successional and altitudinal gradients, indiscriminate woodland clearing as well as continued fire suppression will alter species composition. Restoration efforts should ensure that all successional stages of juniper woodland are present on the landscape.