731 resultados para Blessure au sport


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Based on general concepts relating to risk perception, the authors summarize in this article today's knowledge of smoking risk perception. A pluridisciplinary approach (general internal medicine, public health and anthropology) allows an improved understanding of its complexity, its utility in every day clinical practice and of the questions still pending around its use and evaluation in research projects.

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L'antisémistisme, on le sait, tire notamment son origine de l'opprobre jetée sur les juifs par l'Eglise chrétienne au cours de ses 2000 ans d'histoire. Une chose est de reconnaître cette culpabilité, une autre est de chercher ses racines dans les textes du Nouveau Testament. C'est cette entreprise que cet ouvrage collectif effectue. Plusieurs thèses sont développées ici : - le conflit entre juifs et chrétiens est similaire aux dissensions internes au judaisme du premier siècle (F. Siegert); - l'opposition entre Jésus et les pharisiens est un conflit fratricide entre deux mouvements trop proches pour se tolérer (Ch. Tuckett); - la polémique antijuive de I Thessaloniciens 2 - « Ils (les juifs) déplaisent à Dieu et sont ennemis de tous les hommes »- est un procédé plus rhétorique que réellement polémique (E. Stegmann); - l'antijudaisme néotestamentaire le plus virulent apparaît surtout chez les auteurs judéo-chrétiens à l'enseigne d'un conflit de type familial (U. Luz).

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Tobacco consumption is a global epidemic responsible for a vast burden of disease. With pharmacological properties sought-after by consumers and responsible for addiction issues, nicotine is the main reason of this phenomenon. Accordingly, smokeless tobacco products are of growing popularity in sport owing to potential performance enhancing properties and absence of adverse effects on the respiratory system. Nevertheless, nicotine does not appear on the 2011 World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List or Monitoring Program by lack of a comprehensive large-scale prevalence survey. Thus, this work describes a one-year monitoring study on urine specimens from professional athletes of different disciplines covering 2010 and 2011. A method for the detection and quantification of nicotine, its major metabolites (cotinine, trans-3-hydroxycotinine, nicotine-N′-oxide and cotinine-N-oxide) and minor tobacco alkaloids (anabasine, anatabine and nornicotine) was developed, relying on ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-TQ-MS/MS). A simple and fast dilute-and-shoot sample treatment was performed, followed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) operated in positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mode with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) data acquisition. After method validation, assessing the prevalence of nicotine consumption in sport involved analysis of 2185 urine samples, accounting for 43 different sports. Concentrations distribution of major nicotine metabolites, minor nicotine metabolites and tobacco alkaloids ranged from 10 (LLOQ) to 32,223, 6670 and 538 ng/mL, respectively. Compounds of interest were detected in trace levels in 23.0% of urine specimens, with concentration levels corresponding to an exposure within the last three days for 18.3% of samples. Likewise, hypothesizing conservative concentration limits for active nicotine consumption prior and/or during sport practice (50 ng/mL for nicotine, cotinine and trans-3-hydroxycotinine and 25 ng/mL for nicotine-N′-oxide, cotinine-N-oxide, anabasine, anatabine and nornicotine) revealed a prevalence of 15.3% amongst athletes. While this number may appear lower than the worldwide smoking prevalence of around 25%, focusing the study on selected sports highlighted more alarming findings. Indeed, active nicotine consumption in ice hockey, skiing, biathlon, bobsleigh, skating, football, basketball, volleyball, rugby, American football, wrestling and gymnastics was found to range between 19.0 and 55.6%. Therefore, considering the adverse effects of smoking on the respiratory tract and numerous health threats detrimental to sport practice at top level, likelihood of smokeless tobacco consumption for performance enhancement is greatly supported.

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L'assistance au suicide est souvent utilisée comme un cheval de Troie en faveur de la légalisation de l'euthanasie active directe. Ces deux problématiques sont pourtant fondamentalement distinctes et demandent chacune une réponse éthique propre.

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(Résumé de l'ouvrage) Au travers d'une analyse socio-historique du rabbinat français, d'une enquête sur Sarcelles et d'un examen du mouvement néo-orthodoxe des Loubavitch, l'auteur brosse un tableau vivant du judaïsme contemporain et des modifications qui le traversent. Laurence Podselver apporte du même coup un éclairage sur les recompositions que connaît l'ensemble du champ religieux aujourd'hui: une affirmation de formes identitaires plus marquées venant se greffer sur l'axe de la sécularisation, de ses adaptations libérales et de ses reconstructions culturelles laïques