941 resultados para AHP - Analytic Hierarchy Proces
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MSC 2010: 30C45
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MSC 2010: 30C45
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Many studies have assessed the neural underpinnings of creativity, failing to find a clear anatomical localization. We aimed to provide evidence for a multi-componential neural system for creativity. We applied a general activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis to 45 fMRI studies. Three individual ALE analyses were performed to assess creativity in different cognitive domains (Musical, Verbal, and Visuo-spatial). The general ALE revealed that creativity relies on clusters of activations in the bilateral occipital, parietal, frontal, and temporal lobes. The individual ALE revealed different maximal activation in different domains. Musical creativity yields activations in the bilateral medial frontal gyrus, in the left cingulate gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule and in the right postcentral and fusiform gyri. Verbal creativity yields activations mainly located in the left hemisphere, in the prefrontal cortex, middle and superior temporal gyri, inferior parietal lobule, postcentral and supramarginal gyri, middle occipital gyrus, and insula. The right inferior frontal gyrus and the lingual gyrus were also activated. Visuo-spatial creativity activates the right middle and inferior frontal gyri, the bilateral thalamus and the left precentral gyrus. This evidence suggests that creativity relies on multi-componential neural networks and that different creativity domains depend on different brain regions.
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MSC 2010: 30C45
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Local Government Authorities (LGAs) are mainly characterised as information-intensive organisations. To satisfy their information requirements, effective information sharing within and among LGAs is necessary. Nevertheless, the dilemma of Inter-Organisational Information Sharing (IOIS) has been regarded as an inevitable issue for the public sector. Despite a decade of active research and practice, the field lacks a comprehensive framework to examine the factors influencing Electronic Information Sharing (EIS) among LGAs. The research presented in this paper contributes towards resolving this problem by developing a conceptual framework of factors influencing EIS in Government-to-Government (G2G) collaboration. By presenting this model, we attempt to clarify that EIS in LGAs is affected by a combination of environmental, organisational, business process, and technological factors and that it should not be scrutinised merely from a technical perspective. To validate the conceptual rationale, multiple case study based research strategy was selected. From an analysis of the empirical data from two case organisations, this paper exemplifies the importance (i.e. prioritisation) of these factors in influencing EIS by utilising the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique. The intent herein is to offer LGA decision-makers with a systematic decision-making process in realising the importance (i.e. from most important to least important) of EIS influential factors. This systematic process will also assist LGA decision-makers in better interpreting EIS and its underlying problems. The research reported herein should be of interest to both academics and practitioners who are involved in IOIS, in general, and collaborative e-Government, in particular. 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 30C45
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Many studies have attempted to identify the different cognitive components of body representation (BR). Due to methodological issues, the data reported in these studies are often confusing. Here we summarize the fMRI data from previous studies and explore the possibility of a neural segregation between BR supporting actions (body-schema, BS) or not (non-oriented-to-action-body-representation, NA). We performed a general activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of 59 fMRI experiments and two individual meta-analyses to identify the neural substrates of different BR. Body processing involves a wide network of areas in occipital, parietal, frontal and temporal lobes. NA selectively activates the somatosensory primary cortex and the supramarginal gyrus. BS involves the primary motor area and the right extrastriate body area. Our data suggest that motor information and recognition of body parts are fundamental to build BS. Instead, sensory information and processing of the egocentric perspective are more important for NA. In conclusion, our results strongly support the idea that different and segregated neural substrates are involved in body representations orient or not to actions.
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When modeling game situations of incomplete information one usually considers the players hierarchies of beliefs, a source of all sorts of complications. Harsnyi (1967-68)s idea henceforth referred to as the Harsnyi program is that hierarchies of beliefs can be replaced by types. The types constitute the type space. In the purely measurable framework Heifetz and Samet (1998) formalize the concept of type spaces and prove the existence and the uniqueness of a universal type space. Meier (2001) shows that the purely measurable universal type space is complete, i.e., it is a consistent object. With the aim of adding the finishing touch to these results, we will prove in this paper that in the purely measurable framework every hierarchy of beliefs can be represented by a unique element of the complete universal type space.
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Egyes alternatvk, forgatknyvek, technolgik stb. fenntarthatsgnak rtkelse definciszeren tbbdimenzis problma. A megfelel alternatva kivlasztsnl ugyanis a dntshozknak egyszerre kell figyelembe vennik krnyezetvdelmi, gazdasgi s trsadalmi szempontokat. Az ilyen dntseket tmogathatjk tbbszempont dntshozatali modellek. A tanulmny ht tbbszempont dntsi mdszertan (MAU, AHP, ELECTRE, PROMETHEE, REGIME, NAIADE s idelis-referencia pont) alkalmazhatsgt vizsglja rszvteli krlmnyek kztt. Az utbbi vek e tmban publiklt esettanulmnyait ttekintve megllapthat, hogy egyik mdszer sem dominlja a tbbit, azok klnbz felttelek mellett eltr sikerrel hasznlhatk. Ennek ellenre a klnbz technikk kombincijval elllthatunk olyan eljrsokat, melyekkel az egyes mdszerek elnyeit mg jobban kiaknzhatjuk. ________ Measuring and comparing the sustainability of certain actions, scenarios, technologies, etc. by definition is a multidimensional problem. Decision makers must consider environmental, economic and social aspects when choosing an alternative course of action. Such decisions can be aided by multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). In this paper participatory seven different MCDA methodologies are investigated (MAU, the Analytic Hierarchic Process (AHP), the ELECTRE, PROMETHEE, REGIME, and NAIADE methods and the Ideal and reference point approaches). It is based on a series of reports, in which more than 30 real world case studies focusing on participatory MCDA were reviewed. It is emphasized that there is no best choice from the list of MCDA techniques, but some methods fit certain decision problems more than others. However, with the combination of these methodologies some complementary benefits of the different techniques can be exploited.
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A fenntarthatsg rtkelse definciszeren tbbdimenzis problma. A megfelel alternatva, forgatknyv, eljrs stb. kivlasztsakor ugyanis a dntshozknak egyszerre kell figyelembe vennik krnyezetvdelmi, gazdasgi s trsadalmi szempontokat. Az ilyen dntseket altmaszthatjk a tbb szempont dntshozatali modellek. A tanulmny a tbb szempont dntsi eljrsok kzl a legfontosabb htnek az alkalmazhatsgt vizsglja rszvteli krlmnyek kztt. Az utbbi vek e tmban publiklt esettanulmnyainak ttekintsvel megllapthat, hogy egyik mdszer sem uralja a tbbit, azok klnbz felttelek mellett eltr sikerrel hasznlhatk. Ennek ellenre a klnbz mdszerek kombincijval vgrehajthatunk olyan eljrsokat, amelyekkel az egyes mdszerek elnyeit mg jobban kiaknzhatjuk. ________ Measuring and comparing the sustainability of certain actions, scenarios, technologies, etc. is by definition a multidimensional problem. Decision-makers must consider environmental, economic and social aspects when choosing an alternative course of action. Such decisions can be aided by multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). This paper investigates seven different MCDA methodologies: MAU, the Analytic Hierarchic Process (AHP), the ELECTRE, PROMETHEE, REGIME, and NAIADE methods, and "Ideal and reference point" approaches). It is based on a series of reports in which over 30 real-world case studies focusing on participatory MCDA were reviewed. It is stressed, however, that there is no "best" choice in the list of MCDA techniques. Some methods fit certain decision problems better than others. Nonetheless, some complementary benefits of the different techniques can be exploited by combining these methodologies.
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Current reform initiatives recommend that school geometry teaching and learning include the study of three-dimensional geometric objects and provide students with opportunities to use spatial abilities in mathematical tasks. Two ways of using Geometer's Sketchpad (GSP), a dynamic and interactive computer program, in conjunction with manipulatives enable students to investigate and explore geometric concepts, especially when used in a constructivist setting. Research on spatial abilities has focused on visual reasoning to improve visualization skills. This dissertation investigated the hypothesis that connecting visual and analytic reasoning may better improve students' spatial visualization abilities as compared to instruction that makes little or no use of the connection of the two. Data were collected using the Purdue Spatial Visualization Tests (PSVT) administered as a pretest and posttest to a control and two experimental groups. Sixty-four 10th grade students in three geometry classrooms participated in the study during 6 weeks. Research questions were answered using statistical procedures. An analysis of covariance was used for a quantitative analysis, whereas a description of students' visual-analytic processing strategies was presented using qualitative methods. The quantitative results indicated that there were significant differences in gender, but not in the group factor. However, when analyzing a sub sample of 33 participants with pretest scores below the 50th percentile, males in one of the experimental groups significantly benefited from the treatment. A review of previous research also indicated that students with low visualization skills benefited more than those with higher visualization skills. The qualitative results showed that girls were more sophisticated in their visual-analytic processing strategies to solve three-dimensional tasks. It is recommended that the teaching and learning of spatial visualization start in the middle school, prior to students' more rigorous mathematics exposure in high school. A duration longer than 6 weeks for treatments in similar future research studies is also recommended.
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The present studyemploying psychometric meta-analysis of 92 independent studies with sample sizes ranging from 26 to 322 leadersexamined the relationship between EI and leadership effectiveness. Overall, the results supported a linkage between leader EI and effectiveness that was moderate in nature ( = .25). In addition, the positive manifold of the effect sizes presented in this study, ranging from .10 to .44, indicate that emotional intelligence has meaningful relations with myriad leadership outcomes including effectiveness, transformational leadership, LMX, follower job satisfaction, and others. Furthermore, this paper examined potential process mechanisms that may account for the EI-leadership effectiveness relationship and showed that both transformational leadership and LMX partially mediate this relationship. However, while the predictive validities of EI were moderate in nature, path analysis and hierarchical regression suggests that EI contributes less than or equal to 1% of explained variance in leadership effectiveness once personality and intelligence are accounted for. ^
