Auditorias energéticas em ambiente industrial

Gestão de Energia e Sustentabilidade são os pilares em que assenta esta dissertação, realizada no âmbito da Energia Elétrica em Ambiente Industrial. Neste sentido, deve entender-se “Gestão de Energia” como o planeamento de operações nas unidades de produção e de consumo. Tem como objetivos a conservação dos recursos, proteção climática e redução de custos, para que seja possível o acesso permanente à energia de que necessitamos. “Sustentabilidade”, por definição, é uma caraterística ou condição de um processo ou de um sistema que permite a sua permanência, até um determinado nível, por um determinado prazo. A Indústria Têxtil, da região do Vale do Ave, por ser extensa e muito heterogénea, quer na qualidade, quer na dimensão e nos recursos que utiliza, apresentou-se como uma oportunidade para aplicar os conhecimentos adquiridos, nas diversas disciplinas do Mestrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica - Área de Sistemas Eléctricos de Energia e como meio condutor à tentativa de optimização e racionalização do consumo de Energia Elétrica no Sector. O modelo encontrado para dar uma resposta satisfatória ao inicialmente proposto foi a Auditoria Energética. Neste sentido, foram realizadas visitas às instalações industriais, para o levantamento e recolha de informação, que posteriormente viria a ser analisada e, com base na mesma, tentou apresentar-se um conjunto de soluções que visassem a eficiência Energética do sector. Com o decorrer das visitas, surgiu a necessidade de criar um modelo, que servisse de guia da auditoria. Algo que seria um bloco de notas, mas específico, de forma a não perder a informação recolhida. Então foi desenvolvida uma aplicação para IPAD/IPHONE, o que permite também a recolha e armazenamento de fotografias, que aqui tem um papel fundamental. Salienta-se que as expectativas foram ao encontro do esperado, pois o que se encontrou foi um número significativo de empresas a precisar deste contributo. Atuando no “combate” ao consumo desnecessário e ao desperdício, é estar a contribuir ativa e positivamente, no desenvolvimento próspero da temática de Sustentabilidade Energética.

Deteção e previsão de falhas em equipamentos de produção industrial

As empresas nacionais deparam-se com a necessidade de responder ao mercado com uma grande variedade de produtos, pequenas séries e prazos de entrega reduzidos. A competitividade das empresas num mercado global depende assim da sua eficiência, da sua flexibilidade, da qualidade dos seus produtos e de custos reduzidos. Para se atingirem estes objetivos é necessário desenvolverem-se estratégias e planos de ação que envolvem os equipamentos produtivos, incluindo: a criação de novos equipamentos complexos e mais fiáveis, alteração dos equipamentos existentes modernizando-os de forma a responderem às necessidades atuais e a aumentar a sua disponibilidade e produtividade; e implementação de políticas de manutenção mais assertiva e focada no objetivo de “zero avarias”, como é o caso da manutenção preditiva. Neste contexto, o objetivo principal deste trabalho consiste na previsão do instante temporal ótimo da manutenção de um equipamento industrial – um refinador da fábrica de Mangualde da empresa Sonae Industria, que se encontra em funcionamento contínuo 24 horas por dia, 365 dias por ano. Para o efeito são utilizadas medidas de sensores que monitorizam continuamente o estado do refinador. A principal operação de manutenção deste equipamento é a substituição de dois discos metálicos do seu principal componente – o desfibrador. Consequentemente, o sensor do refinador analisado com maior detalhe é o sensor que mede a distância entre os dois discos do desfibrador. Os modelos ARIMA consistem numa abordagem estatística avançada para previsão de séries temporais. Baseados na descrição da autocorrelação dos dados, estes modelos descrevem uma série temporal como função dos seus valores passados. Neste trabalho, a metodologia ARIMA é utilizada para determinar um modelo que efetua uma previsão dos valores futuros do sensor que mede a distância entre os dois discos do desfibrador, determinando-se assim o momento ótimo da sua substituição e evitando paragens forçadas de produção por ocorrência de uma falha por desgaste dos discos. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho constituem uma contribuição científica importante para a área da manutenção preditiva e deteção de falhas em equipamentos industriais.

Are societal changes new? Questions or trends and future perceptions on knowledge-based economy

With the emergence of a global division of labour, the internationalisation of markets and cultures, the growing power of supranational organisations and the spread of new information technologies to every field of life, it starts to appear a different kind of society, different from the industrial society, and called by many as ‘the knowledge-based economy’, emphasizing the importance of information and knowledge in many areas of work and organisation of societies. Despite the common trends of evolution, these transformations do not necessarily produce a convergence of national and regional social and economic structures, but a diversity of realities emerging from the relations between economic and political context on one hand and the companies and their strategies on the other. In this sense, which future can we expect to the knowledge economy? How can we measure it and why is it important? This paper will present some results from the European project WORKS – Work organisation and restructuring in the knowledge society (6th Framework Programme), focusing the future visions and possible future trends in different countries, sectors and industries, given empirical evidences of the case studies applied in several European countries, underling the importance of foresight exercises to design policies, prevent uncontrolled risks and anticipate alternatives, leading to different ‘knowledge economies’ and not to the ‘knowled

Marketing experiencial, emoções, satisfação e lealdade

O marketing transacional apresenta-se nos dias de hoje insuficiente para fazer face às exigências de um consumidor mais participativo, seletivo e crítico. No mercado global, industrializado e em constante evolução tecnológica, é, cada vez mais, difícil obter um grau de diferenciação assente apenas nos benefícios funcionais e racionais. O marketing transacional evoluiu para o marketing relacional, constituindo o cliente o centro do processo de trocas. A economia das experiências alterou a forma como as marcas trabalham o mercado, introduzindo o conceito de experiências, o que por sua vez conceptualizou o marketing experiencial, orientado para a gestão da experiência do cliente, transformando o ato de consumo em algo memorável, cheio de estímulos sensoriais e emocionais, convertendo-se, por vezes, no próprio produto, seja ele de âmbito industrial, desportivo ou mesmo cultural. Este grau de envolvimento do cliente com a marca é elemento gerador de emoção, de satisfação, de lealdade e de valor. Este trabalho pretendeu analisar a importância e os componentes estimuladores do marketing experiencial e a sua relação com as emoções, satisfação e a lealdade dos consumidores no evento cultural “Serralves em festa 2013”. Para tal, utilizamos uma metodologia de investigação quantitativa, com recurso a análise de equações estruturais, suportada por uma pesquisa teórica. O estudo empírico realizado, baseado num inquérito por questionário, possibilitou obter uma amostra de 264 respostas válidas. Após a validação e melhoria das escalas de medida dos conceitos, os resultados destas e do modelo estrutural demonstraram valores adequados. Estudaram-se e comprovaram-se as relações previstas nas hipóteses, nomeadamente, a relação positiva do impacto das experiências no comportamento do consumidor, designadamente, na sua emoção e satisfação e o impacto destas na sua lealdade. Entre as variáveis estudadas foram obtidos interessantes níveis de correlação e capacidades preditivas.

O e-learning na manutenção industrial uma proposta de e-learning aplicada à manutenção produtiva total

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial

Reflections on the legal framework for relations between cooperatives and subsidiaries.

In the light of Portuguese legal system, cooperative enterprises may include an enterprise carried out by a subsidiary, provided they conform to certain requirements. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the issue of the legal framework of the relationship between the cooperative and the subsidiary. There are several problems to be addressed in this paper: (i) How to qualify such a relationship since corresponding to mere investments made by the cooperative? Should it be classified as non-member cooperative transactions or as extraordinary activities? (ii) How to qualify such a relationship when related to the development of preparatory or complementary activities for the economic activity developed between the cooperative and its members? May we speak, in this situation, of a concept of “indirect mutuality”, as provided in other legal systems? (iii) How should we classify and what is the regime of the economic results from the activity developed by the subsidiary? We will conclude, advocating: (i) That the cooperative enterprise may include an enterprise carried out by a subsidiary if this is deemed necessary to satisfy the interests of the members; (ii) The inadmissibility of the concept of “indirect mutuality”; (iii) The inadequacy of qualifying the legal relationship between the cooperative partner (iv) The application, to the economic results coming from the activity developed by the subsidiary, of the regime provided for in the Portuguese Cooperative Code to the results from non-member cooperative transactions; (v) The economic results coming from the activity developed by the subsidiary cannot be appropriated by individual co-operators members, and so should be allocated to indivisible reserves.

Industrial networks: are they a new and alternative way to conduct business or just a logical consequence of a globalising economy?

Based on a report for the seminar Industrial Networks, at Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main Dozent: Prof. Dr. Blättel-Mink, Prof. Dr. António Moniz SS 2011

Defining risk acceptance criteria in occupational settings: A case study in the furniture industrial sector

The use of appropriate acceptance criteria in the risk assessment process for occupational accidents is an important issue but often overlooked in the literature, particularly when new risk assessment methods are proposed and discussed. In most cases, there is no information on how or by whom they were defined, or even how companies can adapt them to their own circumstances. Bearing this in mind, this study analysed the problem of the definition of risk acceptance criteria for occupational settings, defining the quantitative acceptance criteria for the specific case study of the Portuguese furniture industrial sector. The key steps to be considered in formulating acceptance criteria were analysed in the literature review. By applying the identified steps, the acceptance criteria for the furniture industrial sector were then defined. The Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) for the injury statistics of the industrial sector was identified as the maximum tolerable risk level. The acceptable threshold was defined by adjusting the CDF to the Occupational, Safety & Health (OSH) practitioners’ risk acceptance judgement. Adjustments of acceptance criteria to the companies’ safety cultures were exemplified by adjusting the Burr distribution parameters. An example of a risk matrix was also used to demonstrate the integration of the defined acceptance criteria into a risk metric. This work has provided substantial contributions to the issue of acceptance criteria for occupational accidents, which may be useful in overcoming the practical difficulties faced by authorities, companies and experts.

European Union emissions trading scheme impact on the Spanish electricity price during phase II and phase III implementation

The European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) is a cornerstone of the European Union's policy to combat climate change and its key tool for reducing industrial greenhouse gas emissions cost-effectively. The purpose of the present work is to evaluate the influence of CO2 opportunity cost on the Spanish wholesale electricity price. Our sample includes all Phase II of the EU ETS and the first year of Phase III implementation, from January 2008 to December 2013. A vector error correction model (VECM) is applied to estimate not only long-run equilibrium relations, but also short-run interactions between the electricity price and the fuel (natural gas and coal) and carbon prices. The four commodities prices are modeled as joint endogenous variables with air temperature and renewable energy as exogenous variables. We found a long-run relationship (cointegration) between electricity price, carbon price, and fuel prices. By estimating the dynamic pass-through of carbon price into electricity price for different periods of our sample, it is possible to observe the weakening of the link between carbon and electricity prices as a result from the collapse on CO2 prices, therefore compromising the efficacy of the system to reach proposed environmental goals. This conclusion is in line with the need to shape new policies within the framework of the EU ETS that prevent excessive low prices for carbon over extended periods of time.

Sovereignty and power relations in the thought of Marsilius of Padua and William of Ockham a comparison.

pp. 229-253

Relatório de estágio curricular no Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial

Mestrado na área de Ciências Juridico Forenses

Power Law Behavior and Self-similarity in Modern Industrial Accidents

Advances in technology have produced more and more intricate industrial systems, such as nuclear power plants, chemical centers and petroleum platforms. Such complex plants exhibit multiple interactions among smaller units and human operators, rising potentially disastrous failure, which can propagate across subsystem boundaries. This paper analyzes industrial accident data-series in the perspective of statistical physics and dynamical systems. Global data is collected from the Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT) during the time period from year 1903 up to 2012. The statistical distributions of the number of fatalities caused by industrial accidents reveal Power Law (PL) behavior. We analyze the evolution of the PL parameters over time and observe a remarkable increment in the PL exponent during the last years. PL behavior allows prediction by extrapolation over a wide range of scales. In a complementary line of thought, we compare the data using appropriate indices and use different visualization techniques to correlate and to extract relationships among industrial accident events. This study contributes to better understand the complexity of modern industrial accidents and their ruling principles.

Entropy Analysis of Industrial Accident Data Series

Complex industrial plants exhibit multiple interactions among smaller parts and with human operators. Failure in one part can propagate across subsystem boundaries causing a serious disaster. This paper analyzes the industrial accident data series in the perspective of dynamical systems. First, we process real world data and show that the statistics of the number of fatalities reveal features that are well described by power law (PL) distributions. For early years, the data reveal double PL behavior, while, for more recent time periods, a single PL fits better into the experimental data. Second, we analyze the entropy of the data series statistics over time. Third, we use the Kullback–Leibler divergence to compare the empirical data and multidimensional scaling (MDS) techniques for data analysis and visualization. Entropy-based analysis is adopted to assess complexity, having the advantage of yielding a single parameter to express relationships between the data. The classical and the generalized (fractional) entropy and Kullback–Leibler divergence are used. The generalized measures allow a clear identification of patterns embedded in the data.

American trypanosomiasis and electrocardiographic alterations among industrial workers in São Paulo, Brazil

In this article, we evaluate electrocardiographic (ECG) alterations among urban workers from a mechanical-metallurgical industry in São Paulo, Brazil. In a cross-sectional survey carried out in 1980, we found 2.2% positive serological testing for Trypanosoma cruzi infection among 27,081 workers. A comparison between seropositive workers and a random sample of seronegative workers frequency-matched by age and occupation revealed that seropositive workers had a much lower educational level, and that a higher proportion of seropositive workers had ECG abnormalities (42.7%) when compared to those negative for T. cruzi infection (19.8%). The high frequency of ECG abnormalities suggests the need to provide medical assistance to these workers, without any kind of discrimination and to bring in a form of management that would decrease this dangerous risk to the workers and people around them.

Autonomous guided vehicles applied to industrial engineering and management studies

This article presents a framework to an Industrial Engineering and Management Science course from School of Management and Industrial Studies using Autonomous Ground Vehicles (AGV) to supply materials to a production line as an experimental setup for the students to acquire knowledge in the production robotics area. The students must be capable to understand and put into good use several concepts that will be of utmost importance in their professional life such as critical decisions regarding the study, development and implementation of a production line. The main focus is a production line using AGVs, where the students are required to address several topics such as: sensors actuators, controllers and an high level management and optimization software. The presented framework brings to the robotics teaching community methodologies that allow students from different backgrounds, that normally don’t experiment with the robotics concepts in practice due to the big gap between theory and practice, to go straight to ”making” robotics. Our aim was to suppress the minimum start point level thus allowing any student to fully experience robotics with little background knowledge.