Predição de desempenho com uso de sistemas de exigências nutricionais e características de carcaça de tourinhos zebuínos

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a predição de desempenho pelos sistemas CNCPS 5.0, NRC 2000 e BR-CORTE, bem como o ganho de peso diário (GPD) e as características de carcaça em tourinhos zebuínos. Foram utilizados 44 tourinhos: 19 Nelore PO, 7 Nelore LA, 10 Tabapuã PO e 8 Guzerá PO, com peso corporal médio inicial de 266, 236, 222 e 219 kg e idade inicial média de 9, 10, 8 e 8 meses, respectivamente. O período experimental foi de 112 dias. O consumo alimentar individual foi obtido com o uso de indicadores (LIPE, óxido crômico e FDAi). Informações sobre área de olho de lombo (AOL), espessura de gordura subcutânea (EGS) e espessura de gordura na garupa (P8) foram obtidas por ultrassonografia. Para comparação do GPD predito e observado, foi utilizada análise de regressão linear. Os valores de GPD, AOL, EGS e P8 não diferiram entre os grupos genéticos. Para os sistemas CNCPS 5.0 e NRC 2000, os menores valores de GPD preditos foram estimados com base na disponibilidade de energia; para BR-CORTE, foram baseados na disponibilidade de proteína. Os sistemas NRC 2000, CNCPS 5.0 e BR-CORTE superestimaram o GPD, e não se mostraram adequados para predição do desempenho de tourinhos zebuínos.

Reduction in the use of diagnostic tests in infants with risk factors for early-onset neonatal sepsis does not delay antibiotic treatment.

Despite a low positive predictive value, diagnostic tests such as complete blood count (CBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are commonly used to evaluate whether infants with risk factors for early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) should be treated with antibiotics. We investigated the impact of implementing a protocol aiming at reducing the number of diagnostic tests in infants with risk factors for EOS in order to compare the diagnostic performance of repeated clinical examination with CBC and CRP measurement. The primary outcome was the time between birth and the first dose of antibiotics in infants treated for suspected EOS. Among the 11,503 infants born at ≥35 weeks during the study period, 222 were treated with antibiotics for suspected EOS. The proportion of infants receiving antibiotics for suspected EOS was 2.1% and 1.7% before and after the change of protocol (p = 0.09). Reduction of diagnostic tests was associated with earlier antibiotic treatment in infants treated for suspected EOS (hazard ratio 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-2.07; p <0.001), and in infants with neonatal infection (hazard ratio 2.20; 95% CI 1.19-4.06; p = 0.01). There was no difference in the duration of hospital stay nor in the proportion of infants requiring respiratory or cardiovascular support before and after the change of protocol. Reduction of diagnostic tests such as CBC and CRP does not delay initiation of antibiotic treatment in infants with suspected EOS. The importance of clinical examination in infants with risk factors for EOS should be emphasised.

Modelos empíricos para estimar o acúmulo de matéria seca de capim-marandu com variáveis agrometeorológicas

O objetivo deste estudo foi testar modelos empíricos de regressão linear, para a predição do acúmulo de matéria seca (TAMS) de Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu, em função de variáveis agrometeorológicas. Para gerar os modelos, foi utilizada a taxa média de acúmulo de matéria seca, em condições de sequeiro, entre 1998 e 2002. As variáveis avaliadas foram: temperaturas mínima, máxima e média, radiação global (Rg), graus-dia, evapotranspiração real (ETR) e potencial (ETP) obtidas a partir do balanço hídrico, unidades fototérmicas (UF) e índice climático de crescimento (ICC). As regressões univariada e multivariada mostraram boa capacidade de predição, com exceção para as que utilizam a UF. Os melhores resultados foram para a regressão multivariada, com Tmín, Rg e ETR: R², 0,84; raiz do quadrado médio do resíduo (RQMR), 14,72; e critério de informação de Akaike (CIA), 222,5. Na regressão linear univariada, destacaram-se as variáveis: graus-dia corrigido (R², 0,75; RQMR,17,84; e CIA, 242,6), temperatura mínima corrigida (R², 0,75; RQMR, 17,82; CIA, 244,1), e ICC (R², 0,74; RQMR, 17,85; CIA, 236,9). A correção das variáveis agrometeorológicas pela relação entre evapotranspiração real e potencial (ETR/ETP), em geral, melhora a predição da TAMS pelos modelos.

Iowa Department of Transportation Major Items - Preliminary Quantity Report, June 21, 2016; With Addendums

Weekly letting report

Profiling of steroid metabolites after transdermal and oral administration of testosterone by ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

The screening of testosterone (T) misuse for doping control is based on the urinary steroid profile, including T, its precursors and metabolites. Modifications of individual levels and ratio between those metabolites are indicators of T misuse. In the context of screening analysis, the most discriminant criterion known to date is based on the T glucuronide (TG) to epitestosterone glucuronide (EG) ratio (TG/EG). Following the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) recommendations, there is suspicion of T misuse when the ratio reaches 4 or beyond. While this marker remains very sensitive and specific, it suffers from large inter-individual variability, with important influence of enzyme polymorphisms. Moreover, use of low dose or topical administration forms makes the screening of endogenous steroids difficult while the detection window no longer suits the doping habit. As reference limits are estimated on the basis of population studies, which encompass inter-individual and inter-ethnic variability, new strategies including individual threshold monitoring and alternative biomarkers were proposed to detect T misuse. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with a new generation high resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QTOF-MS) to investigate the steroid metabolism after transdermal and oral T administration. An approach was developed to quantify 12 targeted urinary steroids as direct glucuro- and sulfo-conjugated metabolites, allowing the conservation of the phase II metabolism information, reflecting genetic and environmental influences. The UHPLC-QTOF-MS(E) platform was applied to clinical study samples from 19 healthy male volunteers, having different genotypes for the UGT2B17 enzyme responsible for the glucuroconjugation of T. Based on reference population ranges, none of the traditional markers of T misuse could detect doping after topical administration of T, while the detection window was short after oral TU ingestion. The detection ability of the 12 targeted steroids was thus evaluated by using individual thresholds following both transdermal and oral administration. Other relevant biomarkers and minor metabolites were studied for complementary information to the steroid profile, including sulfoconjugated analytes and hydroxy forms of glucuroconjugated metabolites. While sulfoconjugated steroids may provide helpful screening information for individuals with homozygotous UGT2B17 deletion, hydroxy-glucuroconjugated analytes could enhance the detection window of oral T undecanoate (TU) doping.

The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) as a screening tool for excessive drinking in primary care: reliability and validity of a French version.

BACKGROUND: Excessive drinking is a major problem in Western countries. AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) is a 10-item questionnaire developed as a transcultural screening tool to detect excessive alcohol consumption and dependence in primary health care settings. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study is to validate a French version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). METHODS: We conducted a validation cross-sectional study in three French-speaking areas (Paris, Geneva and Lausanne). We examined psychometric properties of AUDIT as its internal consistency, and its capacity to correctly diagnose alcohol abuse or dependence as defined by DSM-IV and to detect hazardous drinking (defined as alcohol intake >30 g pure ethanol per day for men and >20 g of pure ethanol per day for women). We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and Receiver Operator Characteristic curves. Finally, we compared the ability of AUDIT to accurately detect "alcohol abuse/dependence" with that of CAGE and MAST. RESULTS: 1207 patients presenting to outpatient clinics (Switzerland, n = 580) or general practitioners' (France, n = 627) successively completed CAGE, MAST and AUDIT self-administered questionnaires, and were independently interviewed by a trained addiction specialist. AUDIT showed a good capacity to discriminate dependent patients (with AUDIT > or =13 for males, sensitivity 70.1%, specificity 95.2%, PPV 85.7%, NPV 94.7% and for females sensitivity 94.7%, specificity 98.2%, PPV 100%, NPV 99.8%); and hazardous drinkers (with AUDIT > or =7, for males sensitivity 83.5%, specificity 79.9%, PPV 55.0%, NPV 82.7% and with AUDIT > or =6 for females, sensitivity 81.2%, specificity 93.7%, PPV 64.0%, NPV 72.0%). AUDIT gives better results than MAST and CAGE for detecting "Alcohol abuse/dependence" as showed on the comparative ROC curves. CONCLUSIONS: The AUDIT questionnaire remains a good screening instrument for French-speaking primary care.

70th Birthday of Rolf Stürner

Compte-rendu de la remise des Mélanges pour Rolf Stürner le 27 avril 2013 à Fribourg en Brisgau

Psychopharmacology in supportive care of cancer: a review for the clinician. IV. Other psychotropic agents

Besides benzodiazepine, antidepressant and neuroleptic agents, all of which have established roles in supportive care, other psychotropic drugs deserve consideration in selected conditions affecting patients with advanced cancer. This article briefly reviews relevant aspects of miscellaneous psychotropics available for secondline treatment, including nonbenzodiazepine sedative, hypnotic and anxiolytic drugs, anaesthetic agents, stimulants, and analgesic adjuvants acting on the central nervous system. The proper use of such subsidiary psychotropic agents requires that both their specificities and the particular characteristics of palliative care patients are taken into account.

[3 lettres autographes signées de Jules Barbier à Henri Heugel, 1886]

26 mars 1886. Accepte son invitation à dîner : "Ce ne sera pas un dîner socialiste... (pardon) ! je voulais écrire : ce ne sera pas un dîner sot s'il y a Liszt". - 20 juillet. Lui adresse ses félicitations. - 30 juillet : Au sujet de l'argent que Heugel doit à Barbier et des reçus conservés entre ses mains

Seleção e caracterização de estirpes de Bacillus thuringiensis eficientes contra a Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar e caracterizar estirpes nativas de Bacillus thuringiensis tóxicas a Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Cento e seis estirpes pertencentes ao Banco de Bactérias de Invertebrados, da Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, foram testadas quanto à toxicidade a D. saccharalis, e, as mais tóxicas, caracterizadas por métodos bioquímicos e moleculares. Das 106 estirpes testadas, 16 causaram 100% de mortalidade em 24 horas. As três estirpes mais tóxicas apresentaram concentração letal média entre 8 e 43 ng cm-2. O perfil proteico das 16 estirpes mostrou a presença de proteínas de 130 e 65 kDa, e a caracterização molecular mostrou a presença dos genes tipo cry1 e cry2: cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac e cry2Aa. A concentração letal média de esporos e cristais obtidos a partir de estirpes recombinantes, que expressavam individualmente os genes cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac e cry2Aa, variou entre 222 e 610 ng cm-2, valores muito superiores aos das estirpes nativas mais tóxicas, que apresentavam possibilidade de expressão simultânea desses genes. Este resultado é indicativo de que há sinergia entre as toxinas. Há interação entre as toxinas de B. thuringiensis e seus receptores na broca-do-colmo da cana-de-açúcar.

Gene transfer of a soluble IL-1 type 2 receptor-Ig fusion protein improves cardiac allograft survival in rats.

OBJECTIVE: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) mediates ischemia-reperfusion injury and graft inflammation after heart transplantation. IL-1 affects target cells through two distinct types of transmembrane receptors, type-1 receptor (IL-1R1), which transduces the signal, and the non-signaling type-2 receptor (IL-1R2), which acts as a ligand sink that subtracts IL-1beta from IL-1R1. We analyzed the efficacy of adenovirus (Ad)-mediated gene transfer of a soluble IL-1R2-Ig fusion protein in delaying cardiac allograft rejection and the mechanisms underlying the protective effect. METHODS: IL-1 inhibition by IL-1R2-Ig was tested using an in vitro functional assay whereby endothelial cells preincubated with AdIL-1R2-Ig or control virus were stimulated with recombinant IL-1beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) induction was measured by zymography. AdIL-1R2-Ig was delivered to F344 rat donor hearts ex vivo, which were placed in the abdominal position in LEW hosts. Intragraft inflammatory cell infiltrates and proinflammatory cytokine expression were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. RESULTS: IL-1R2-Ig specifically inhibited IL-1beta-induced u-PA responses in vitro. IL-1R2-Ig gene transfer reduced intragraft monocytes/macrophages and CD4(+) cell infiltrates (p<0.05), TNF-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) expression (p<0.05), and prolonged graft survival (15.6+/-5.7 vs 10.3+/-2.5 days with control vector and 10.1+/-2.1 days with buffer alone; p<0.01). AdIL-1R2-Ig combined with a subtherapeutic regimen of cyclosporin A (CsA) was superior to CsA alone (19.4+/-3.0 vs 15.9+/-1.8 days; p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Soluble IL-1 type-2 receptor gene transfer attenuates cardiac allograft rejection in a rat model. IL-1 inhibition may be useful as an adjuvant therapy in heart transplantation.