Borgerlighetens ideal – arbetarnas verklighet. : En studie om Stora Tuna barnavårdsnämnds arbete 1903-1917.

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att studera hur barnavårdsnämnden i Stora Tuna verkställde lagstiftningen om uppfostran åt vanartade och i sedligt avseende försummade barn. För att uppnå syftet med studien har barnavårdsnämndens ledamöter undersökts, lika så de anmälda barnen. Vad anmäldes de för, vilka blev konsekvenserna och vilka var det som stod för anmälningarna? Resultaten jämförs med tidigare forskning från andra platser. Huvudsakligen har protokoll från barnavårdsnämndens sammanträden mellan 1903 och 1917 använts för att besvara frågeställningarna.Resultatet visar att en klar majoritet av nämndens ledamöter representerade medelklassen eller överklassen, endast ett fåtal kom från arbetarklassen. Men de barn som anmäldes kom nästan uteslutande från arbetarklassen. Detta är något som den tidigare forskningen också framhåller. Pojkar anmäldes i betydligt högre utsträckning än flickor, men de flickor som anmäldes dömdes betydligt hårdare än pojkarna. Flickorna anmäldes främst på grund av de bristande hemförhållanden och påföljderna blev oftast att de skiljdes från hemmet till fosterhem eller till barnhem. Pojkarna anmäldes främst för stöld och den vanligaste påföljden blev en allvarlig varning. Polisen var den grupp som anmälde flest barn till nämnden.

ANALYSIS & STUDY OF AI TECHNIQUES FORAUTOMATIC CONDITION MONITORING OFRAILWAY TRACK INFRASTRUCTURE : Artificial Intelligence Techniques

Since the last decade the problem of surface inspection has been receiving great attention from the scientific community, the quality control and the maintenance of products are key points in several industrial applications.The railway associations spent much money to check the railway infrastructure. The railway infrastructure is a particular field in which the periodical surface inspection can help the operator to prevent critical situations. The maintenance and monitoring of this infrastructure is an important aspect for railway association.That is why the surface inspection of railway also makes importance to the railroad authority to investigate track components, identify problems and finding out the way that how to solve these problems. In railway industry, usually the problems find in railway sleepers, overhead, fastener, rail head, switching and crossing and in ballast section as well. In this thesis work, I have reviewed some research papers based on AI techniques together with NDT techniques which are able to collect data from the test object without making any damage. The research works which I have reviewed and demonstrated that by adopting the AI based system, it is almost possible to solve all the problems and this system is very much reliable and efficient for diagnose problems of this transportation domain. I have reviewed solutions provided by different companies based on AI techniques, their products and reviewed some white papers provided by some of those companies. AI based techniques likemachine vision, stereo vision, laser based techniques and neural network are used in most cases to solve the problems which are performed by the railway engineers.The problems in railway handled by the AI based techniques performed by NDT approach which is a very broad, interdisciplinary field that plays a critical role in assuring that structural components and systems perform their function in a reliable and cost effective fashion. The NDT approach ensures the uniformity, quality and serviceability of materials without causing any damage of that materials is being tested. This testing methods use some way to test product like, Visual and Optical testing, Radiography, Magnetic particle testing, Ultrasonic testing, Penetrate testing, electro mechanic testing and acoustic emission testing etc. The inspection procedure has done periodically because of better maintenance. This inspection procedure done by the railway engineers manually with the aid of AI based techniques.The main idea of thesis work is to demonstrate how the problems can be reduced of thistransportation area based on the works done by different researchers and companies. And I have also provided some ideas and comments according to those works and trying to provide some proposal to use better inspection method where it is needed.The scope of this thesis work is automatic interpretation of data from NDT, with the goal of detecting flaws accurately and efficiently. AI techniques such as neural networks, machine vision, knowledge-based systems and fuzzy logic were applied to a wide spectrum of problems in this area. Another scope is to provide an insight into possible research methods concerning railway sleeper, fastener, ballast and overhead inspection by automatic interpretation of data.In this thesis work, I have discussed about problems which are arise in railway sleepers,fastener, and overhead and ballasted track. For this reason I have reviewed some research papers related with these areas and demonstrated how their systems works and the results of those systems. After all the demonstrations were taking place of the advantages of using AI techniques in contrast with those manual systems exist previously.This work aims to summarize the findings of a large number of research papers deploying artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for the automatic interpretation of data from nondestructive testing (NDT). Problems in rail transport domain are mainly discussed in this work. The overall work of this paper goes to the inspection of railway sleepers, fastener, ballast and overhead.

Risk of recurrent stroke and death after first stroke in long-distance ski race participants

Background: Physical activity is of benefit for primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases, but it appears to increase the risk for atrial fibrillation. We aimed to study a cohort of patients following a first stroke in individuals with previous high physical activity, compare them to the general population with respect to recurrent stroke and death, and relate these to atrial fibrillation. Methods and results: From the participants of the Vasaloppet, the world's largest ski-race, and matched individuals from the general population (n=708 604), we identified 5964 patients hospitalized with a first-time stroke between 1994 and 2010. Individuals with severe diseases were excluded. One half percent of skiers and 1% of nonskiers were hospitalized due to stroke. The incidence rate was 8.3 per 100 person-years among skiers and 11.1 among nonskiers. The hazard ratio (HR) for recurrent stroke or death between the 2 groups was 0.76 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.86). The result was consistent in subgroups. The HR for death was 0.66 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.78) and for recurrent stroke 0.82 (95% CI 0.70 to 0.96). After adjustment for smoking and socioeconomic factors, the HR for death was consistent at 0.70 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.87) while the HR for recurrent stroke was not statistically significant. Outcomes for skiers with atrial fibrillation tended to show a lower risk than for nonskiers. Conclusions: This large cohort study supports the hypothesis that patients with a stroke and with prior regular physical activity have a lower risk of death, while their risk for recurrent stroke is similar to that of nonskiers. The skiers had a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation, but still no increased risk of recurring stroke.

The influence of sex, age, and race experience on pacing profiles during the 90 km Vasaloppet ski race

The purpose of this study was to investigate pacing-profile differences during the 90 km Vasaloppet ski race related to the categories of sex, age, and race experience. Skiing times from eight sections (S1 to S8) were analyzed. For each of the three categories, 400 pairs of skiers were matched to have a finish time within 60 seconds, the same start group, and an assignment to the same group for the other two categories. Paired-samples Student’s t-tests were used to investigate sectional pacing-profile differences between the subgroups. Results showed that males skied faster in S2 (P=0.0042), S3 (P=0.0049), S4 (P=0.010), and S1–S4 (P<0.001), whereas females skied faster in S6 (P<0.001), S7 (P<0.001), S8 (P=0.0088), and S5–S8 (P<0.001). For the age category, old subjects (40 to 59 years) skied faster than young subjects (19 to 39 years) in S3 (P=0.0029), and for the other sections, there were no differences. Experienced subjects (≥4 Vasaloppet ski race completions) skied faster in S1 (P<0.001) and S1–S4 (P=0.0054); inexperienced skiers (<4 Vasaloppet ski race completions) had a shorter mean skiing time in S5–S8 (P=0.0063). In conclusion, females had a more even pacing profile than that of males with the same finish time, start group, age, and race experience. No clear age-related pacing-profile difference was identified for the matched subgroups. Moreover, experienced skiers skied faster in the first half whereas inexperienced skiers had higher skiing speeds during the second half of the race.

Tatler (Volume 15 1917)

The Winthrop yearbook was published from 1898 to 2002. It has been known as the Tatler since its inception except for 1904 (Lang Syne) and 1918 (Tatler a la Guerre). No yearbook was published in 1900, 1902, 1903, 1905,1906.

O corpo em evidência nas lutas dos operários gaúchos (1890-1917)

A presente tese trata de demonstrar, tomando por base o Rio Grande do Sul nos anos de 1890 à 1917, o fato dos operários terem buscado capacitar fisicamente seu corpo para os embates contra o capital, bem como o terem constituído em uma causa e uma arma da luta operária, aspectos todos estes pouco tratados ou não abordados pela historiografia. O trabalho trata, no primeiro capítulo, de algumas situações mais amplas que remetem aos contornos da industrialização no Rio Grande do Sul, à organização da produção e às condições trabalho vigentes nos estabelecimentos fabris, elementos estes que estão na base da problemática em estudo. No segundo capítulo é onde exponho o fato do corpo do operário ter se constituído em uma causa de sua luta e isto a partir dos conteúdos que animavam determinadas e importantes reivindicações operárias do estado no período. Já no capítulo seguinte exponho as circunstâncias que eu encontrei o operariado no Rio Grande do Sul buscando capacitar fisicamente seu corpo para melhor enfrentar o patronato e isto dando destaque para as lógicas que os levavam a tal empenho. No quarto e último capítulo é onde busco demonstrar, e isto considerando os métodos de luta do período – e que em boa parte ainda hoje se mantém – que o corpo do operário foi uma arma de luta operária, evidenciando, assim, que ele não foi só, como a historiografia tem apontado, um objeto de dominação e exploração do capital, mas também o avesso disso.

De saída, ministro entrega 'fast track' para terminais

Contando todo o vaivém de documentos, a análise pelo governo de novos terminais de uso privado tem demorado 988 dias, em média. Um trabalho encomendado por Barbalho à diretoria de análise de políticas públicas da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV-RJ) demonstra que esse prazo pode ser encurtado para apenas 65 dias.

A Madeira e os alemães, 1917-1939: o discurso na imprensa madeirense

O presente estudo, subordinado à temática «Encontro entre Culturas» e «A Madeira e os Alemães», propõe-se à investigação da representatividade da intervenção alemã sobre o contexto regional, através da análise da visão madeirense sobre o povo e cultura germânicos. Desde recuados tempos o fenómeno «ilheidade» sempre esteve subjacente à sensação do «ser e estar madeirenses», o indagar pelo desconhecido do além-mar, a ânsia de transpor o horizonte fora do que a vista alcança, foram, com o passar dos tempos, sensações despertas pelo contacto com outras culturas. Com o romper do liberalismo arranca o jornalismo insular e, com ele, a manifestação do discurso público, numa dimensão até então desconhecida. Pela primeira vez na história madeirense, os madeirenses falam de si próprios, dando azo à auto e hetero-observação. A percepção do «outro» remeterá para uma reflexão sobre a visão endógena da identidade cultural madeirense e, simultaneamente, para a visão exógena da «diferença» do «outro», neste caso do «alemão». Neste estudo estarão constantemente perceptíveis os fenómenos da alteridade e da interculturalidade luso-germânica, assim como a rivalidade anglogermânica. Pela mesma altura começam a desenhar-se na ilha vínculos com a nação emergente, a Alemanha, quer no âmbito terapêutico-científico, demonstrado na questão da «Madeirasache» e da concessão dos sanatórios na ilha, quer no concernente ao interesse germânico pela ilha, segundo conveniências estratégico-militares ou político-turísticas. A conjuntura político-económica e social vigente durante o período 1917-1939 agudizará as relações luso-germânicas, o germanófilo Sidónio de Pais ascende ao poder, cessa a Grande Guerra, floresce o fascismo europeu. O dirigível alemão passa pela ilha, o turismo nazi elege a Madeira como regular destino turístico, a Juventude Hitleriana acampa na ilha, enquanto uma segunda guerra mundial está prestes a eclodir. A opinião pública fervilhará ao ritmo dos acontecimentos, manifestando-se na imprensa local posições pró e antigermânicas.

Morphometric characteristics of Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes 1847), of the migratory and resident stocks of the river Mogí-Guaçu, São Paulo State, Brazil

A espécie Prochilodus lineatus é de grande importância comercial na região dos rios Grande, Pardo e Mogi-Guaçu e tem como característica a formação de grandes cardumes, apta a desenvolver amplos deslocamentos migratórios. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar, por meio das características morfométricas e etária, se os curimbatás (P. lineatus) dos diferentes estoques migradores e residentes constituem uma única população, havendo interação entre as sub-populações no período de piracema (migração reprodutiva). Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 x 2, com quatro tipos de estoques (um residente e três migradores) e dois sexos (macho e fêmea) com trinta repetições, considerando cada peixe como unidade experimental. Foi observada variação de 80,19% para o primeiro componente principal e 8,09% do segundo componente principal fornecida pelas dez variáveis morfométricas dos estoques residentes e migradores. O estoque residente correspondeu aos maiores valores para todas as variáveis morfométricas. Houve sobreposição dos escores individuais das mesmas características entre os estoques migradores. Observou-se predominância de machos entre os estoques residentes e migrador I e II. As semelhanças morfométricas verificadas entre os estoques migradores indicam tratar-se de uma única população, com pequenas variações interpopulacional.

Avaliação de volumes de calda proporcionados por diferentes pontas de pulverização no controle de Tuta absoluta (Meirick, 1917) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) em tomate rasteiro

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o controle da traça-do-tomateiro em função dos volumes de aplicação. O levantamento da infestação da praga foi realizado avaliando-se o número de lagartas e de lesões com e sem lagarta viva e o número de ovos em folhas e frutos. Os tratamentos realizados foram o inseticida chlorfluazuron na dosagem de 80 mL p.c. 100 L-1, aplicado com as pontas: TJ6011002, TJ6011004, TX04VK e TX12VK cada uma utilizando, respectivamente, o volume de calda de: 200, 600, 200 e 600 L ha-1; e o pulverizador costal motorizado (100 L ha-1); todos com e sem o adjuvante polioxietileno alquil fenol éter (1 mL 10 L-1 de água) e mais uma testemunha. Verificou-se que os tratamentos com e sem adjuvantes não diferiram entre si. Porém, houve diferença entre os volumes utilizados, sendo menor a ocorrência de lesões nas parcelas tratadas com o volume de 600 L ha-1 . Houve também diferença em relação ao uso do adjuvante para o volume de 200 L ha-1 , sendo que o número de ovos foi superior sem a sua utilização. Neste trabalho, foi observada a importância do monitoramento no controle de pragas.

Fission-track dating of South American natural glasses: an overview

Although many glass-bearing horizons can be found in South American volcanic complexes or sedimentary series, only a relatively few tephra and obsidian-bearing volcanic fields have been studied using the fission-track (FT) dating method. Among them, the volcanics located in the Sierra de Guamani (east of Quito, Ecuador) were studied by several authors. Based upon their ages, obsidians group into three clusters: (1) very young obsidians, similar to 0.2Ma old, (2) intermediate-age obsidians, similar to 0.4- similar to 0.8 Ma old, and (3) older obsidians, similar to 1.4- similar to 1.6 Ma old. The FT method is also an efficient alternative technique for identification of the sources of prehistoric obsidian artefacts. Provenance studies carried out in South America have shown that the Sierra de Guamani obsidian occurrences were important sources of raw material for toot making during pre-Columbian times. Glasses originated from these sources were identified in sites distributed over relatively wide areas of Ecuador and Colombia.Only a few systematic studies on obsidians in other sectors were carried out. Nevertheless, very singular glasses have been recognised in South America, such as Macusanite (Peru) and obsidian Quiron (Argentina), which are being proposed as additional reference materials for FT dating. Analyses of tephra beds interstratified with sedimentary deposits revealed the performance of FT dating in tephrochronological studies. A remarkable example is the famous deposit outcropping at Farola Monte Hermoso, near Bahia Blanca (Buenos Aires Province), described for the first time by the middle of the 19th century by Charles Darwin.Considering the large number of volcanic glasses that were recognised in volcanic complexes and in sedimentary series, South America is a very promising region for the application of FT dating. The examples given above show that this technique may yield important results in different disciplinary fields. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fission-track dating of Macusanite glasses with plateau and size correction methods

Two Macusanite pebbles (MB1 and MB2) were dated with the fission-track method. Six irradiations were carried out in different nuclear reactors: Pavia (Italy), IPEN-CNEN (Brazil) and IPEN-Lima (Peru). Measurements of the thorium and uranium induced-fission per target nucleus using natural thorium thin films and natural U-doped glasses calibrated against natural uranium thin films, together with lambda(F) of 8.46 x 10(-17) a(-1) were used to determine the ages. The apparent ages were corrected using the plateau and size correction methods. Track measurements were performed by different analysts, using different counting criteria. In addition, tracks were measured on samples which had been submitted to thermal treatment as well as on samples which had not been heated. Thermal treatments were carried out to erase the fossil tracks before neutron irradiation. No significant differences have been found in individual results, using the two Macusanite pebbles and the different nuclear reactors, age correction techniques, analysts, track-counting criteria, and thermal treatments before neutron irradiation. The great majority of the results (14/17) is compatible with the Ar-Ar ages of 5.12 +/- 0.11 and 5.10 +/- 0.11 Ma, Macusanite MB1 and MB2, respectively. However, the fission-track ages are systematically less (similar to8%) than the Ar-Ar ages of the two Macusanite samples studied. (C) 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd.