南方某地妇女儿童血液中多氯联苯蓄积水平调查

目的了解我国南方某多氯联苯(PCBs)高暴露地区的妇女、儿童体内PCBs的蓄积水平。方法采集当地某小学中符合条件的50对母子的血液,用GC-MS法进行PCBs含量的测定。结果儿童血液中所测的13种PCBs的浓度最大值为505 ng/g类脂,几何均数为192 ng/g类脂;母亲血液中所测的13种PCBs的总浓度的最大值为461 ng/g类脂,几何均数为176 ng/g类脂;儿童和母亲血液中PCBs含量的相关系数为0.74。结论该地区妇女和儿童血液中检测出较高水平的PCBs,儿童和母亲血液中PCBs含量呈现较

草型湖泊和藻型湖泊中大型底栖动物群落结构的比较

系统地比较了草型湖泊扁担塘与藻型湖泊后湖大型底栖动物的群落结构.结果表明,草型湖泊扁担塘的物种种类、物种多样性、密度和生物量均较藻型湖泊后湖的为高.两湖在物种组成和功能摄食群上存在极大差异,相似性系数为0.3左右,草型湖泊的大型底栖动物主要以刮食者数量为多,而藻型湖泊主要以收集者的为多.这说明水生高等植物对于维持湖泊生态系统中大型底栖动物多样性方面起着非常重要的作用,也是维持湖泊生态系统结构复杂性、空间异质性和功能稳定性的重要因素.

Discriminative spoken language understanding using word confusion networks

Current commercial dialogue systems typically use hand-crafted grammars for Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) operating on the top one or two hypotheses output by the speech recogniser. These systems are expensive to develop and they suffer from significant degradation in performance when faced with recognition errors. This paper presents a robust method for SLU based on features extracted from the full posterior distribution of recognition hypotheses encoded in the form of word confusion networks. Following [1], the system uses SVM classifiers operating on n-gram features, trained on unaligned input/output pairs. Performance is evaluated on both an off-line corpus and on-line in a live user trial. It is shown that a statistical discriminative approach to SLU operating on the full posterior ASR output distribution can substantially improve performance both in terms of accuracy and overall dialogue reward. Furthermore, additional gains can be obtained by incorporating features from the previous system output. © 2012 IEEE.

Studying adsorbent dynamics on a quartz crystal resonator using its nonlinear electrical response

The quartz crystal resonator has been traditionally employed in studying surface-confined physisorbed films and particles by measuring dissipation and frequency shifts. However, theoretical interpretation of the experimental observations is often challenged due to limited understanding of physical interaction mechanisms at the interfaces involved. Here we model a physisorbed interaction between particles and gold electrode surface of a quartz crystal and demonstrate how the nonlinear modulation of the electric response of the crystal due to the nonlinear interaction forces may be used to study the dynamics of the particles. In particular, we show that the graphs of the deviation in the third Fourier harmonic response versus oscillation amplitude provide important information about the onset, progress and nature of sliding of the particles. The graphs also present a signature of the surface-particle interaction and could be used to estimate the interaction energy profile. Interestingly, the insights gained from the model help to explain some of the experimental observations with physisorbed streptavidin-coated polystyrene microbeads on quartz resonators. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

鱼类性别决定的遗传基础研究概况

国家自然科学基金项目(30271011); 淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室开放课题; 香港中文大学卓越研究项目(AOE)

截污工程完成后武汉东湖自然净化速率探讨

根据几十年来武汉东湖水质监测资料和数据 ,在东湖截污工程完成后 ,没有新的污染物进入水体的前提下 ,对东湖水体通过自然净化恢复到健康状态所需要的时间进行了详细的数学推导和科学论证。结果表明 ,在不考虑地泥营养物质的情况下 ,东湖水体通过工业、农业、生活用水以及收获鱼类和高等植物造成的营养物的输出 ,只需要 3a左右的时间就能恢复。然而如果考虑地泥的影响 ,几十年沉积在地泥的营养物质持续向水体中释放 ,然后再通过用水及生物输出 ,东湖水质需要35a以上才能得到恢复。可见 ,截污后东湖在相当长的时间内还将处于

白鱀豚人工饲养21年

<正> 世界鲸类动物的人工饲养已经有100多年的历史,鲸类动物的人工饲养不但为人们提供了一种非常有趣的娱乐项目,而且为深入研究、繁殖和保护鲸类动物提供了很好的条件。我国鲸类动物的人工饲养于1965年由青岛海产博物馆从饲养江豚开始

人工饲料对稀有鮈鲫繁殖影响的研究

静水缸中稀有鲫 2 40天养殖试验显示 ,A型人工饲料的每对亲鱼产卵次数汉源种群和彭州种群分别为15 2 5和 13 75次 ,相近于水蚯蚓为饲料的 12次和 14 5次 ;A型人工饲料产卵间隔天数分别为 15 98天和 17 46天 ,相近于水蚯蚓为饲料的 2 0 86天和 16 5 6天。循环水缸中稀有鲫 10 5天养殖试验显示 ,A型人工饲料的每对亲鱼产卵次数为 12次 ,低于水蚯蚓为饲料的 2 1 5次 ;产卵间隔天数为 8 75天 ,长于水蚯蚓为饲料的 4 88天。因此 ,用人工饲料可以实现

银鲫两个雌核发育克隆间两性生殖子代的遗传多样性分析

本研究在揭示银鲫两性生殖方式的基础上,对尾人工雌核发育克隆F的卵子与一尾天然雌核发育克隆D的精子授精所获得的18尾FD后代及其亲本进行RAPD分析。扩增结果表明,在18尾FD子代中可检测到丰富的DNA多态片段,这些多态片段来自于银鲫两性生殖的重组。FD子代的扩增图谱不仅与母本的扩增图谱不同,而且个体间的扩增图谱也存在着较大的差异。这些差异的DNA片段根据其来源可基本分为四类。与异精刺激雌核发育的子代的情况不同,两性生殖FD子代间平均遗传距离高达0.23±0.123,远远高于异精刺激雌核发育的子代间的平均遗

维生素C在水产养殖业的应用

<正> 维生素C,又称丙种维生素,VitaminumC,抗坏血酸(Ascorbic acid),简称维C或Vc。维生素C是一种酸性己糖衍生物。化学名称为L—3—氧带苏己糖醛酸内酯。分子式为C_6H_8O_6,分子量为176.1。1维生素C的性状 外观为白色结晶粉末,有酸味,久置色渐变微黄色,易溶于水,水溶液呈酸性反应。稍溶于乙醇,微溶于甘油,不溶于乙醚和氯仿。熔点为190℃。抗坏血酸钠为白色或微黄色结晶粉末,略带酸味,只溶于水,基本上不溶于乙醇、乙醚等。在220℃时分解。 维生素C是动物的重要营养成分之一

一秋龄性成熟中华绒螯蟹的生物学──2.生殖、越冬行为及脱壳的可能性

本文对池塘育成的一秋龄成熟中华绒螯蟹（Ｅｒｉｏｃｈｅｉｒ ｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）生殖行为的观察表明，其具有生殖洄游习性，当年１０月是其活动高峰期．而湖泊放流育成的早熟河蟹其活动高峰在当年１０月及翌年３月．在湖泊淡水水体中少数个体有交配的行为，翌年３月份发现部分雌蟹的纳精囊内有精液．在池塘中一龄成熟河蟹与未成熟河蟹一样有居洞越冬的行为，从翌年３月初开始，白天蛰伏洞里，夜晚出来活动随着温度上升，成熟河蟹完全离开洞穴，四处爬动．１９９５年７月上旬，作者从刚死亡的早熟河蟹剥离出形态完整的膜状新壳．但是，未发现早熟河蟹

Fertile-free fuels in pressurized water reactors: Design challenges and solutions

This paper investigates the basic feasibility of using reactor-grade Pu in fertile-free fuel (FFF) matrix in pressurized water reactors (PWRs). Several important issues were investigated in this work: the Pu loading required to achieve a specific interrefueling interval, the impact of inert matrix composition on reactivity constrained length of cycle, and the potential of utilizing burnable poisons (BPs) to alleviate degradation of the reactivity control mechanism and temperature coefficients. Although the subject was addressed in the past, no systematic approach for assessment of BP utilization in FFF cores was published. In this work, we examine all commercially available BP materials in all geometrical arrangements currently used by the nuclear industry with regards to their potential to alleviate the problems associated with the use of FFF in PWRs. The recently proposed MgO-ZrO2 solid-state solution fuel matrix, which appears to be very promising in terms of thermal properties and radiation damage resistance, was used as a reference matrix material in this work. The neutronic impact of the relative amounts of MgO and ZrO2 in the matrix were also studied. The analysis was performed with a neutron transport and fuel assembly burnup code BOXER. A modified linear reactivity model was applied to the two-dimensional single fuel assembly results to approximate the full core characteristics. Based on the results of the performed analyses, the Pu-loaded FFF core demonstrated potential feasibility to be used in existing PWRs. Major FFF core design problems may be significantly mitigated through the correct choice of BP design. It was found that a combination of BP materials and geometries may be required to meet all FFF design goals. The use of enriched (in most effective isotope) BPs, such as 167Er and 157Gd, may further improve the BP effectiveness and reduce the fuel cycle length penalty associated with their use.

南极菲尔德斯半岛地区与拉斯曼丘陵地区湖泊水化学比较研究

为了解南极淡水生态系统的水化学特征，完成了拉斯曼丘陵地区１３个湖泊和菲尔德斯半岛１０个湖泊以及雪样的调查分析。西南极乔治王岛菲尔德斯半岛和东南极拉斯曼丘陵的气候条件不同，前者属于极地海洋性气候、气温不很低、湿润、风小、夏季较长；后者属于极地大陆性气候、气温低，冬天严寒、干燥、风大，夏季较短。因此，两地区的湖泊地貌、成因、发育、水生生物种群结构以及水化学状态存在较明显的差异，虽然水化学类型均比较单一，但矿化度却相差甚大。本文还对两区饮水水源进行了评价。