Caracterização da produção e qualidade físico-química de méis produzidos no Estado de Pernambuco

The present study had as objective contribute to the characterization of beekeeping in the Pernambuco State and evaluate the physical-chemical quality of the honeys produced in the region. For this, was applied a directed formulary to the representative organ of beekeeping class aboutthe productives and technicals aspects of beekeepers. Was obtained 14 samples of honey by Apis mellifera africanized, stored in sterile plastic vessels was sent to the Beekeeping Products Quality Control Laboratory (CEA-UNITAU). Was observed that the most of beekeepers have of 50 to 100 hives (57,14%), 28,57% of 100 to 200 hives and 14,28% more than 500 hives, being that 85,71% produce 30 to 50 kg honey/hives/flowering. All use the standard hive Langstroth and 85,71% obtain their swarm by capture. About the physical-chemical quality of the honey, was observed that moisture content varied from 18,2% to 22,0%, with mean value of 19,80±1,11; the water activity varied from 0,70 to 0,84 aw, with mean value of 0,79±0,05 aw; the total acidity was 24,91±8,99 meq/kg and the average index of hydroxymethylfurfural was 16,32±17,88 meq/kg. The results obtained are according to the quality limits established by the brazilian legislation, excepted the water activity that exceeded the maximum limit of 0,65 aw. The datasobtained in this paper shows the development of beekeeping in Pernambuco State and the honey presents nice quality.

Determinação de atividade de água, umidade e sal em peixes salgados e secos importados

Brazil is a major importer in the world salted fish trade. The sale of these products must meet the established standards, based mainly on the salt and moisture levels. The aim of this study was to analyze the salt and moisture levels in imported Atlantic cod and Pacific cod, and in the dried salted fish Ling, Zarbo and Saithe, which are not classified as cod since they do not belong to the genus Gadus. The water activity was also analyzed, which could be a useful parameter to determine the quality of salted fish.The results showed that the legal limits for salt were much lower than the values found in the analyses. The moisture contents established for the category of salted fish, as determined by the Portuguese legislation, were more reliable. We suggest the inclusion of the water activity as a parameter for the evaluation of these products.

Produção da cultura da beterraba irrigada com água salina.,

The use of low quality water for agriculture should be performed with care to avoiding excessive accumulation of salts in the soil so not to harm crop development. In order to evaluate the performance of beets under the infl uence of low water quality, an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Estadual Paulista in Botucatu, Brazil, from April to July 2012. We used the beet (Beta vulgaris L.) in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 5 replications, totaling 30 plots. Treatments consisted of NaCl solutions at different concentrations (2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 dS m-1) plus a control treatment corresponding to water with no additional salt and electrical conductivity of roughly 0.26 dS m-1. Variables evaluated were total production, commercial production, plant height, number of plants and root diameter. Production of the beet crop was affected by the increasing salinity of irrigation water, characterized by reduced root production of the beets. Total and commercial production showed reductions of 8.82 and 12.2% in accordance with the unit increase of salinity.

Qualidade do óleo bruto de grãos de crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) sob diferentes métodos de secagem

The Culture of crambe became promising since its grains presents high oil content. The methods of drying may influence the quality of crude oil extracted from the beans, depending on the way it is managed. This study goal was to evaluate the influence of different drying methods on the quality of the crude oil extracted from crambe grain. The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments (drying with heated air, natural air, yard, shade, and at the field), and with four tests for each. In order to check the quality of the grains, we performed an analysis of fat acidity, and to evaluate the crude oil quality, we conducted analysis of iodine value, acid value, water content, density at 20ºC, and a kinematic viscosity at 40°. After obtaining the data, the results were submitted to analysis of variance. When significant means were detected, they were compared by t-test (p ≤ 0.05). The method of drying with heated air provided a lower rate of fatty acid in grains. The drying methods evaluated did not compromise the quality of the oil extracted from the crambe grain.

Efeito imediato do método de secagem na qualidade de sementes de crambe

Crambe (Crambe abyssinica Hochst) seeds have high oil contents and its growth in Brazil aims to produce bio diesel. The crambe seeds production and commercialization began a few years ago. Research in technology production is essential and it is also important to use high quality seeds regardless of the technological level employed in the crop production. One of the factors that affect seed quality there is the drying process. Seed drying performed properly can reduce seed moisture content for storage without decrease in its qualitative characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate effect of natural and artificial drying methods (using heated and unheated air) on crambe seeds quality. The seeds were produced at Fazenda Lageado, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, UNESP, Botucatu/SP, on April 2009. Seeds were submitted to the following drying methods: a) seed drying in the shade with natural ventilation; b) artificial drying method using heated air; c) artificial drying method using unheated air; d) drying on ceramic patio; e) drying on the mother plant. The seeds were evaluated immediately after drying. The following tests were performed: seed moisture content; standard germination; first count of germination; seedling emergence; emergence speed index and electrical conductivity. The experimental design was randomized blocks and the data obtained was subjected to analysis of variance, worth means being compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. There was no significant difference among drying treatments in relation to: germination rate, first count of germination, electrical conductivity, seedling emergence and emergence speed index. The highest percentage of abnormal seedlings was obtained on treatment with heated air drying. The drying on the mother plant method showed the lower percentage of dead seeds. The drying methods studied did not cause an immediate effect on crambe seeds quality, which showed high percentage of dormant seeds post-harvest.

Avaliação das áreas de conflito de uso em APP da microbacia do alto água fria, Bofete (SP)

The misuse of land by man and is causing serious problems to the environment, resulting in ecological imbalance and depletion of natural resources, especially when it comes to areas of permanent preservation, that ecosystems are essential for balance and water conservation importance . Conflicts of land use is a major cause of silting of rivers and water bodies, causing significant losses in soil and decaying natural water resources both in quantity and in quality. Within this scenario, the planning becomes essential for the control of environmental impacts to the environment factor. This study aimed to evaluate land use conflicts in permanent preservation areas of the stream Água Fria watershed, Bofete (SP) using Geographic Information System and satellite image of LANDSAT - 5 of 2010, scale 1:50000. The results show that 51.16% of the permanent preservation areas of the watershed are conflicting, especially for pasture (88.94%) and reforestation with eucalyptus (11.06%). The GIS IDRISI Selva and Cartalinx along with GIS techniques demonstrated speed and efficiency in identifying, measuring and editing maps of land use, preservation and ongoing conflicts in areas of permanent preservation.

Teste de condutividade elétrica para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica de sementes de gergelim (Sesanun indicum L.)

Two experiments were conducted in order to study the effects of seed number, temperature and time of soaking sesame seeds on the results of the electrical conductivity test for physiological quality of seeds. In the experiment I evaluated the electrical conductivity varying the number of seeds (25, 50 and 100) and temperature (20, 25 and 30° C) in experiment II is different soaking periods (2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 h). The tests were performed with three cultivars (cv. Trebol, cv. Cnpa G4 e cv. Comum). The treatments in factorial 3x3x3 and 3x8 in experiments I and II, respectively. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replications. Means were compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The characterization of cultivars held through the germination and vigor tests (physical, physiological and biochemical), which rated the Trebol cultivar seeds with better physiological then the Cnpa G4 and Comum. The electrical conductivity test was conducted with four sub-samples of 25 pure seeds soaked in 75 mL of deionized water at 25° C, to separate the lots from 2 hours of soaking, being feasible to evaluate the quality sesame seeds.

Lâminas de fertirrigação e substratos na produção e qualidade de gérbera de vaso

Fertigation management of gerbera crop has been many times performed inadequately, and it has been worsened when mixtures of substrates with different physical and chemical characteristics are used. Aiming at evaluating the production and quality of potted gerbera in two substrates and different levels of fertigation, the experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of the DRN/Soil Science, FCA/UNESP, Botucatu (SP). A 5 x 2 factorial randomized block design (5 levels of fertigation and 2 substrates) was adopted with 4 replications. Levels of fertigation corresponded to maintenance of 100% available water (AW) in the substrate; 100 to 80% of AW; 100 to 60% of AW; 100 to 40% of AW and 100 to 20% of AW. The substrates were as follows: 1- mixed coconut fiber (50% pellet coconut fiber and 50% coir fiber), 2- 40% red soil, 40% decomposed pine bark, 10% composition 1 (40% decomposed pine bark, 30% vermiculite and 30% carbonized rice husk) and 10% composition 2 (75% decomposed pine bark and 25% needles of pine). Plants at the marketing stage were evaluated according to the number of leaves; diameter of leaf surface; leaf area; fresh and dry phytomass of leaves, inflorescence and total plant; inflorescence number and diameter, stem diameter, plant height, leaf area rate and electrical conductivity of the substrate solution. Plants of better quality were obtained when they were maintained in levels of 100% available water and the mixed coconut fiber was used as substrate.

Modelos agrometeorológicos para previsão da produtividade e qualidade de bebida natural do cafeeiro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Plataforma computacional fuzzy para avaliação nos estágios do tomateiro dos efeitos da irrigação e salinidade da água

Pós-graduação em Agronegócio e Desenvolvimento - Tupã

Síntese, caracterização e aplicação de hidrogéis nanoestruturados contendo nanoargila para melhorar a germinação e qualidade de muda de hortaliça

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Proposta de captação de água de chuva de para fins não potáveis em projetos residenciais

Water is an economic, strategic and social valuable resource of the utmost importance to society. This renewable natural resource is increasingly scarce with the growing of populations, industries and agriculture, in addition to the pollution surface and underground water and the waste have aggravated this situation. Investments in the sector of water resources so that this resource meets in quantity and quality the demand from its multiple uses, represent a significant portion of national and regional budgets. Therefore, the use of alternative sources of water capture can reduce the pressure on conventional public water supply systems. In this work was designed and executed a rain water collection system to a residence in the city of Barueri (SP), which can be applied to other residences. In this system, the rooftop of the residence was used as the waterproof and capture area. The gutter and the PVC conductors were used for driving the water to two connected reservoirs. The stored water was designed to address activities that are not potable, such as washing clothes and external areas and garden irrigation. The system showed economic viability, with 34-month return of investment time, wherein after that period, in addition to environmental and social benefits derived from the implementation of the project, the economy made with the payment of public supply rates should be considered. This rainwater capture system is inexpensive and uses materials available in the market. Therefore, its application to a greater number of households should be encouraged as a measure of sustainable water management

Fisiologia, qualidade e produtividade da videira cv Syrah em diferentes estratégias de irrigação no semiárido

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Proposta de captação de água de chuva de para fins não potáveis em projetos residenciais

Water is an economic, strategic and social valuable resource of the utmost importance to society. This renewable natural resource is increasingly scarce with the growing of populations, industries and agriculture, in addition to the pollution surface and underground water and the waste have aggravated this situation. Investments in the sector of water resources so that this resource meets in quantity and quality the demand from its multiple uses, represent a significant portion of national and regional budgets. Therefore, the use of alternative sources of water capture can reduce the pressure on conventional public water supply systems. In this work was designed and executed a rain water collection system to a residence in the city of Barueri (SP), which can be applied to other residences. In this system, the rooftop of the residence was used as the waterproof and capture area. The gutter and the PVC conductors were used for driving the water to two connected reservoirs. The stored water was designed to address activities that are not potable, such as washing clothes and external areas and garden irrigation. The system showed economic viability, with 34-month return of investment time, wherein after that period, in addition to environmental and social benefits derived from the implementation of the project, the economy made with the payment of public supply rates should be considered. This rainwater capture system is inexpensive and uses materials available in the market. Therefore, its application to a greater number of households should be encouraged as a measure of sustainable water management

Fisiologia, qualidade e produtividade da videira cv Syrah em diferentes estratégias de irrigação no semiárido

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA