843 resultados para vulnerable families
Resumo:
While most professionals do not dispute the fact that evaluation is necessary to determine whether agencies and practitioners are truly providing services that meet clients’ needs, information regarding consistent measures on service effectiveness in human service organizations is sparse. A national survey of 250 not-for-profit family service organizations in the United States (52.8% return rate) yielded results relevant to client identified needs and agency effectiveness measures in serving today’s families. On an open-ended survey item, 52.3% agencies indicated that poverty represented the most pressing problem among today’s families because other psychological needs also take priority. Over two thirds of these agencies used multiple methods to evaluate their services. Clients’ feedback and outcome measures are the most popular methods. The findings reveal agencies' difficulties in determining what or who decides if the most appropriate services are being provided for the target population. Limited data collected on outcomes and impact may impose additional difficulties in program design and planning.
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This article reports the results of a qualitative study that sought the perspectives of birth parents and adoptive parents following reunification or adoption of children from foster care. Using a participatory action design that actively involved young adults formerly in foster care and parents in the design and implementation of the study, the study focused on the consumers’ perspectives on several issues related to permanency. The article reports findings from interviews with a subset of 27 birth and adoptive families in New York City who were asked about their post-permanency experiences and from interviews with 38 child welfare professionals who were asked to respond to the parents’ perspectives. The article offers directions for child welfare practice and program development.
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Family Preservation is an approach based upon a set of principles and values that are integrated throughout all human systems and services. One of the key principles of Family Preservation is the family as an expert.
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On the horizon a huge wave is building, about to crash down on the poorest most hard pressed families in our country. The impact of welfare reform on families and on those who serve them will be profound The degree to which families and workers will be adversely affected is to date not fully understood. Yet as my son concluded, "...basically, if you are on welfare you had better win the lottery or learn to swim in the treacherous waters of poverty!" (C. Sallee, personal communication, November, 1996). We are also informed by looking back at the Elizabethan Poor Laws of 1601 where we find the origin of welfare reform. Orphanages, the responsibility of relatives, poorhouses and awarding relief work to the lowest private sector bidder, all introduced in the beginning of the welfare state, are key components of the current reform. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996 washes away the entitlements and rights created during this country's greatest depression, leaving exposed the stark selfishness of the junk bond 1980's.
Resumo:
The study described in this paper utilized a qualitative case study method to assess the processes involved in inter-system collaboration in the context of one state's system change initiative. The collaborative experience is described from the perspective of participating service system professionals and family members. The major themes of collaboration that emerged from the study included changes in communication across systems, changes in inter-system relationships, changes in attitudes, changes in interactions with families, and changes in the ways services are delivered. Lessons learned and practice implications of each theme are discussed.
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Consensus about the value of the strengths perspective is developing among child welfare and family service practitioners. Yet, few first-hand reports are available from the perspectives of family members and interdisciplinary service providers about the principles most important for engaging and supporting family members to achieve needed outcomes. This paper briefly highlights principles most often cited as key to application of the strengths perspective and compares first-hand accounts from family members and service providers. These views were elicited through focus groups facilitated by a community-based family support program.Implications for strengths-based practice with families are discussed.
Resumo:
In 1997, the Adoption and Safe Families Act shifted from the preservation of families to an emphasis on safety, permanency, and well-being through expediting the termination of parental rights, establishing exceptions to the reasonable efforts clause of preserving the family, and fiscal incentives for finalizing adoptions. The current project assessed the role of a full service array in achieving the outcomes set forth in ASF A. Concept mapping was utilized to elicit information from participants (both urban and rural) regarding the identified research question. Participants recognized family preservation versus safety, community connections, mandates versus reality, and worker recruitment and retention as critical components for meeting ASFA goals. Perceived importance and level of success in implementing these services was also highlighted. Recommendations supported through the data are also provided.
Resumo:
The Adoption and Safe Families Act of 1997 (ASFA) is the latest legislation in two decades of important child welfare policy in the United States. The Adoption and Safe Families Act has served to shorten the period of time that caseworkers and families have to show that families are making progress toward family preservation, with permanency decisions being made after 12 months, rather than 18. The importance of engaging and motivating families in services has therefore increased. The practice directive of ASFA can be summarized as 'Act Smart, Fast, and Accountable. " Using findings from largely correlational research, concrete recommendations are made to ensure that practices to preserve families are smart, fast, and accountable, particularly critical given these new timeframes.
Resumo:
Aldgate, J. and Bradley, M. (1999). Supporting families through short-term fostering. London: The Stationery Office. This essay reviews a British qualitative study of short-term foster care from the perspectives of birth parents, children, foster parents, and social workers. Respondents highlighted the value of short-term foster care as a family support service and also offered many recommendations for improving service delivery. The study provides useful implications for restructuring child welfare services in the United States and for promoting cross-national collaboration in future research activities in the area of child and family services.
Resumo:
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (NHL) are a group (>30) of important human lymphoid cancers that unlike other tumors today, are showing a marked increase in incidence. The lack of insight to the pathogenesis of B-cell NHL poses a significant problem in the early detection and effective treatment of these malignancies. This study shows that large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) cells, the most common type of B-cell NHL (account for more than 30% of cases), have developed a novel mechanism for autonomous neoplastic B cell growth. We have identified that the key transcription factor NF-κB, is constitutively activated in LBCL cell lines and primary biopsy-derived LBCL cells, suggesting that they are autonomously activated, and do not require accessory T-cell signaling for cell growth and survival. Further studies have indicated that LBCL cells ectopically express an important T-cell associated co-mitogenic factor, CD154 (CD40 ligand), that is able to internally activate the CD401NF-κB pathway, through constitutive binding to its cognate receptor, CD40, on the lymphoma cell surface. CD40 activation triggers the formation of a “Signalosome” comprising virtually the entire canonical CD40/NF-κB signaling pathway that is anchored by CD40 in plasma membrane lipid rafts. The CD40 Signalosome is vulnerable to interdiction by antibody against CD40 that disrupts the Signalosome and induces cell death in the malignant cells. In addition to constitutive NF-κB activation, we have found that the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factor is also constitutively activated in LBCL cells. We have demonstrated that the constitutively active NFATc1 and c-rel members of the NFAT and NF-κB families of transcription factors, respectively, interact with each other, bind to the CD154 promoter, and synergistically activate CD154 gene transcription. Down-regulation of NFATc1 and c-rel with small interfering RNA inhibits CD154 gene transcription and lymphoma cell growth. Our findings suggest that continuous CD40 activation not only provides dysregulated proliferative stimuli for lymphoma cell growth and extended tumor cell survival, but also allows continuous regeneration of the CD40 ligand in the lymphoma cell and thereby recharges the system through a positive feedback mechanism. Targeting the CD40/NF-κB signaling pathway could provide potential therapeutic modalities for LBCL cells in the future. ^
Resumo:
Dos elementos permiten reflexionar sobre el futuro de los seres humanos: La buena noticia es que a través de la ciencia los seres humanos pueden vivir más de 80 años. La noticia negativa es que de acuerdo con las estadísticas, entre los 60 y 80 años de edad las personas van a sufrir algún tipo de discapacidad. Esta situación hace que muchos países trabajen hoy para hacer una contribución, por pequeña que parezca, que ayude a mantener los aspectos sanitarios susceptibles a la enfermedad. Estas contribuciones están directamente vinculadas a las acciones de atención primaria, educación en salud oral en las instituciones educativas que reúnen a los niños con discapacidad, sus familias y profesores, y teniendo en cuenta que los bebés y los niños con discapacidad se encuentran en vulnerabilidad desde la salud oral. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: compartir experiencias de educación para la salud oral en instituciones educativas especiales en Perú y Argentina y proporcionar recursos didácticos a través de herramientas educativas que permitan ayudar a los niños, maestros, padres y comunidad en el aprendizaje del cuidado de la salud oral en especial las instituciones educativas de ambos países. Desde la población en estudio se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria entre 2.010 escuelas especiales en la región de Lima, Perú y Mendoza, Argentina. Se acordaron temas básicos de promoción de la salud bucal como: higiene bucal, salud bucal, enfermedades prevalentes, caries, enfermedad periodontal, maloclusión, medidas de prevención, nutrición, etc. y se realizó una encuesta entre los padres para evaluar los conocimientos en los tópicos mencionados y el grado de compromiso de los maestros para aplicar estrategias de higiene en el ámbito escolar. Conclusión: La creación de espacios comunitarios para insertar la salud oral es un desafío. Ambos países desarrollan metodologías similares, resultando muy rica la experiencia de compartir las actividades que realizan cada uno de ellos. La premisa “Lo normal es ser diferente" es compartida por nosotros desde la idea de personalizar e individualizar las acciones con un fin común. En Promoción de la Salud Bucal para niños especiales Perú y Argentina se encuentran en la misma dirección.
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La crisis de autoridad en la escuela media se presenta hoy como un problema crítico y creciente; los jóvenes representan para la institución tradicional el desafío de la incertidumbre y en escuelas de sectores desfavorecidos la imprevisibilidad es aún mayor, dado que las culturas juveniles de las barriadas populares están atravesadas por problemas vinculados con las drogas, el mundo de la economía informal e ilegal y fenómenos de violencia y tribalidad expresadas en luchas de bandos por el dominio de territorios (Duschatsky, 1999; Tessio Conca, 2007). Estas problemáticas plantean un estado de perplejidad en docentes y responsables de las escuelas, al verse desbordados ante condiciones que exceden ampliamente lo estrictamente pedagógico y que ponen en jaque cotidianamente sus formas tradicionales de sostener la autoridad. En esta ponencia presentaremos avances de una investigación en curso en la ciudad de Córdoba en la que se indaga acerca de las representaciones y experiencias sobre la autoridad escolar de grupos juveniles en situación de vulnerabilidad social. Expondremos aquí las consideraciones teóricas que sirven de marco al trabajo, así como algunos resultados preliminares de discusiones focales con grupos de estudiantes que concurren a escuelas secundarias de barrios populares de Córdoba Capital
Resumo:
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo general problematizar los procesos de inclusión y exclusión escolar de jóvenes mujeres con discapacidad en escuelas públicas del sistema de educación tanto común como especial de la ciudad de La Plata y el Gran La Plata, provincia de Buenos Aires. Las mujeres con discapacidad constituyen uno de los grupos más oprimidos a lo largo de la historia, prueba de ello han sido los obstáculos y limitaciones en su proceso de escolarización. Las investigaciones sobre este grupo tanto en educación como en los estudios de género y de discapacidad resultan todavía escasas, por lo que consideramos relevante el abordaje de esta temática. Desde una perspectiva foucaultiana y feminista de la discapacidad procuraremos comprender e interpretar el punto de vista de las mujeres con discapacidad a fin de lo cual hemos recreado herramientas metodológicas específicas que nos permitan acceder a las voces de las jóvenes. La investigación describe al menos tres formas de incumplimiento del derecho a la educación inclusiva y la vida independiente en la escolarización de las mujeres con discapacidad: exclusión, segregación e integración (o exclusión en la inclusión). Asimismo, analiza diferentes formas en las que la escuela, en oportunidades en alianza con las familias de las jóvenes con discapacidad, actúa, de forma opresiva y deshumanizante, negándoles el derecho a la educación y la vida independiente
Resumo:
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo general problematizar los procesos de inclusión y exclusión escolar de jóvenes mujeres con discapacidad en escuelas públicas del sistema de educación tanto común como especial de la ciudad de La Plata y el Gran La Plata, provincia de Buenos Aires. Las mujeres con discapacidad constituyen uno de los grupos más oprimidos a lo largo de la historia, prueba de ello han sido los obstáculos y limitaciones en su proceso de escolarización. Las investigaciones sobre este grupo tanto en educación como en los estudios de género y de discapacidad resultan todavía escasas, por lo que consideramos relevante el abordaje de esta temática. Desde una perspectiva foucaultiana y feminista de la discapacidad procuraremos comprender e interpretar el punto de vista de las mujeres con discapacidad a fin de lo cual hemos recreado herramientas metodológicas específicas que nos permitan acceder a las voces de las jóvenes. La investigación describe al menos tres formas de incumplimiento del derecho a la educación inclusiva y la vida independiente en la escolarización de las mujeres con discapacidad: exclusión, segregación e integración (o exclusión en la inclusión). Asimismo, analiza diferentes formas en las que la escuela, en oportunidades en alianza con las familias de las jóvenes con discapacidad, actúa, de forma opresiva y deshumanizante, negándoles el derecho a la educación y la vida independiente