Enteral nutrition feeding alters antioxidant activity in unstimulated whole saliva composition of patients with neurological disorders

Patients with neurological disorders have an increased risk of oral and systemic diseases due to compromised oral hygiene. If patients lose the ability to swallow and chew food as a result of their disorder, enteral nutrition is often utilized. However, this type of feeding may modify salivary antioxidant defenses, resulting in increased oxidative damage and the emergence of various diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of enteral nutrition on biochemical parameters in the unstimulated whole saliva composition of patients with neurological disorders. For this, enzymatic (superoxide dismutase - SOD; glutathione peroxidase - GPx) and non-enzymatic (uric acid; ferric ion reducing antioxidant power - FRAP) antioxidant activity, as well as a marker for oxidative damage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS) were analyzed. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected from 12 patients with neurological disorders and tube-feeding (tube-fed group - TFG), 15 patients with neurological disorders and normal feeding via the mouth (non-tube-fed group - NTFG), and 12 volunteers without neurological disorders (control group - CG). The daily oral hygiene procedures of TFG and NTFG patients were similar and dental care was provided monthly by the same institution's dentist. All patients exhibited adequate oral health conditions. The salivary levels of FRAP, uric acid, SOD, GPx, TBARS, and total protein were compared between studied groups. FRAP was increased (p < 0.05) in the NTFG (4651 +/- 192.5 mmol/mL) and the TFG (4743 +/- 116.7 mmol/mL) when compared with the CG (1844 +/- 343.8 mmol/mL). GPx values were lower (p < 0.05) in the NTGF (8.24 +/- 1.09 mmol/min/mg) and the TFG (8.37 +/- 1.60 mmol/min/mg) than in the CG (15.30 +/- 2.61 mmol/min/mg). Uric acid in the TFG (1.57 +/- 0.23 mg/dL) was significantly lower than in the NTFG (2.34 +/- 0.20 mg/dL) and the CG (3.49 +/- 0.21 mg/dL). Protein was significantly lower in the TFG (5.35 +/- 0.27 g/dL) than in the NTFG (7.22 +/- 0.57 g/dL) and the CG (7.86 +/- 0.54 g/dL). There was no difference in the salivary flow rate and SOD between groups. Enteral nutrition in patients with neurological disorders was associated with lower oxidative damage, resulting in increased salivary. antioxidant capacity. These results emphasize the importance of oral care for this population to prevent oral and systemic diseases. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Using Conservative Condylectomy for Management of a Large Osteochondroma of the Mandibular Condyle With 6-Year Follow- up

Osteochondroma is a hamartomatous proliferation of cartilaginous tissue, which is the most common benign tumor of the long bones, but is relatively rare in the maxillofacial region. Most cases of mandibular condylar osteochondroma manifest with facial asymmetry or malocclusion with limited temporomandibular joint movements. Several approaches for management of this lesion have been proposed, as conservative condylectomy technique. This procedure has been suggested a valid approach to minimize facial asymmetry, contributing to the recovery of occlusion associated with no local tumor recurrence, and without condylar reconstruction procedure. Therefore, this article aims to describe a clinical report of a true osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle in a 35-year-old patient who was successfully treated using conservative condylectomy procedure.

Regional 3D superimposition to assess temporomandibular joint condylar morphology

Objectives: To investigate the reliability of regional three-dimensional registration and superimposition methods for assessment of temporomandibular joint condylar morphology across subjects and longitudinally.Methods: The sample consisted of cone beam CT scans of 36 patients. The across-subject comparisons included 12 controls, mean age 41.3 +/- 12.0 years, and 12 patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis, mean age 41.3 +/- 14.7 years. The individual longitudinal assessments included 12 patients with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis, mean age 37.8 +/- 16.7 years, followed up at pre-operative jaw surgery, immediately after and one-year post-operative. Surface models of all condyles were constructed from the cone beam CT scans. Two previously calibrated observers independently performed all registration methods. A landmark-based approach was used for the registration of across-subject condylar models, and temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis vs control group differences were computed with shape analysis. A voxel-based approach was used for registration of longitudinal scans calculated x, y, z degrees of freedom for translation and rotation. Two-way random intraclass correlation coefficients tested the interobserver reliability.Results: Statistically significant differences between the control group and the osteoarthritis group were consistently located on the lateral and medial poles for both observers. The interobserver differences were <= 0.2 mm. For individual longitudinal comparisons, the mean interobserver differences were <= 0.6 mm in translation errors and 1.2 degrees in rotation errors, with excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient >0.75).Conclusions: Condylar registration for across-subjects and longitudinal assessments is reliable and can be used to quantify subtle bony differences in the three-dimensional condylar morphology.

Three-Dimensional Sonographic Assessment of Placental Volume and Vascularization in Pregnancies Complicated by Hypertensive Disorders

Objectives-The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between placental volumes, placental vascularity, and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.Methods A prospective case-control study was conducted between April 2011 and July 2012. Placental volumes and vascularity were evaluated by 3-dimensional sonographic, 3-dimensional power Doppler histographic, and 2-dimensional color Doppler studies. Pregnant women were classified as normotensive or hypertensive and stratified by the nature of their hypertensive disorders. The following variables were evaluated: observed-to-expected placental volume ratio, placental volume-to-estimated fetal weight ratio, placental vascular indices, and pulsatility indices of the right and left uterine and umbilical arteries.Results Sixty-six healthy pregnant women and 62 pregnant women with hypertensive disorders were evaluated (matched by maternal age, gestational age at sonography, and parity). Placental volumes were not reduced in pregnancy in women with hypertensive disorders (P > .05). Conversely, reduced placental vascularization indices (vascularization index and vascularization-flow index) were observed in pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders (P < .01; P < .01), especially in patients with superimposed preeclampsia (P = .04; P = .02). A weak correlation was observed between placental volumes, placental vascular indices, and Doppler studies of the uterine and umbilical arteries.Conclusions Pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders are associated with reduced placental vascularity but not with reduced placental volumes. These findings are independent of changes in uterine artery Doppler studies. Future studies of the prediction of preeclampsia may focus on placental vascularity in combination with results of Doppler studies of the uterine arteries.

Peptide Prodrugs for the Treatment of CNS Disorders: A Perspective for New Drugs

The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases is a major challenge. The presence of the barrier intended to protect the brain from unwanted molecules also impairs the efficacy of CNS-targeted drugs. The discovery of drug targets for CNS diseases opens a door for the selective treatment of these diseases. However, the physicochemical properties of drugs, including their hydrophilic properties and their peripheral metabolism, as well as the blood-brain barrier, can adversely affect the therapeutic potential of CNS-targeted drugs. Although peptides are often metabolized by enzymes, they are of particular interest for the treatment of CNS diseases or as carriers to deliver drugs to the brain. In this review, we discuss the use of peptides as potential prodrugs for the treatment of CNS diseases.

Disfunção craniomandibular e sua correlação com radiografia transcraniana da articulação temporomandibular: estudo comparativo entre indivíduos portadores de sintomas severos pelo índice de helkimo e indivíduos assintomáticos

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Restauradora - ICT

Voice Disorders in Teachers. A Review

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 polymorphism, plasma TIMP-1 levels, and antihypertensive therapy responsiveness in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

The association between restorative pre-clinical activities and musculoskeletal disorders

Objective: To evaluate the risk of development of musculoskeletal disorders in the upper limbs of undergraduate dentistry students during the execution of pre-clinical laboratory activities based on gender, type of dental procedure and area of the mouth under treatment.Methods: Male and female undergraduate students in the second year of the Araraquara Dental School, UNESP, were enrolled in this study. Digital photographs were obtained whilst the subjects performed laboratory activities. The working postures adopted by each student were evaluated using the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). The photos were analysed by a calibrated researcher (k = 0.89), and a final risk score was attributed to each analysed procedure (n = 354). Descriptive statistical analyses were performed, and the associations of interest were analysed by the chisquare test (P = 0.05).Results: During most of the laboratory procedures performed, the risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders was high (64.7%; - IC95%: 59.7-69.7%), with no significant association between the RULA final score and gender (chi(2) = 1.100; P = 0.577), type of dental procedure (chi(2) = 5.447, P = 0.244) and mouth area treated (chi(2) = 4.150; P = 0.126).Conclusions: The risk of developing musculoskeletal disorders was high in undergraduate dentistry students; this risk was not related to gender, type of dental procedure and region of the mouth being treated.

Efectos de los aparatos propulsores mandibulares fijos en la articulación temporomandibular

Fixed mandibular propulsion appliances are an alternative for the treatment of Class II malocclusion in individuals with mandibular deficiency. Since they are fixed appliances, said devices keep the mandible in an anterior-forced position during rest and during all mandibular functions. When a propulsive appliance is used, the lower jaw is displaced forward and downward. This movement leads to a new position of the condyle, which can, ultimately affect the normal functioning of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The aim of this paper was to review effects of fixed mandibular propulsive appliance on TMJ. Inclusion criteria considered studies on animals or humans using TMJ radiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Studies confirm a favorable relation between condyle and glenoid fossa following treatment with fixed mandibular propulsion appliances.

Análise tomográfica da articulação temporomandibular no tratamento com Herbst em adulto jovem

Class II malocclusion features a high prevalence in Brazil, being considered as a routine in orthodontic clinics. A number of appliances are shown in the literature in order to correct Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrusion. Herbst´s fixed functional appliance, idealized by Emil Herbst (1905) and reintroduced, in the 1980´s, by Hans Pancherz is highlighted for maintaining the mandible continuously advanced, showing a shorter active treament time, an immediate esthetic impact on the facial profile, as well as requiring no patient´s commitment. Recent researches indicate the use of this appliance in individuals after pubertal growth surge. The aim of the present study is to show the orthodontics practitioner the option to use this appliance so as to treat Class II in individuals after the growth surge, obtaining satisfactory outcomes and further Class II correction.