Organogênese direta do ipê-branco

O ipê-branco é uma espécie de difícil propagação por sementes devido à sua curta longevidade. A cultura de tecidos tem possibilitado a melhor propagação de diversas espécies, tendo como base o crescimento de células, tecidos e órgãos em condições assépticas, possibilitando a rápida multiplicação da planta selecionada, obtendo mudas livres de patógenos. A primeira etapa da cultura de tecidos está baseada na desinfestação das sementes para obter as mudas in vitro, possibilitando as posteriores etapas do processo. Foram testadas diversas concentrações de álcool etílico e hipoclorito de sódio em busca da desinfestação mais efetiva. O melhor processo para a desinfestação das sementes do ipê branco está nos tratamentos de germinação em apenas ágar com a retirada das alas da semente após a sua lavagem, com passagem por 30 segundos em álcool etílico e 5 minutos em hipoclorito de sódio, com posterior transferência da plântula para meio MS suplementado com 0,7% de ágar e 3% de sacarose. Sobre as plantas germinadas in vitro foram aplicados tratamentos com hormônios vegetais em busca das melhores concentrações para a obtenção de novas mudas. Os explantes caulinares tratados com BAP a 4,0 mg L-1 apresentaram 93,3% de brotações bem desenvolvidas, enquanto em meio WPM a melhor concentração para brotação com BAP é a de 4,0 mg L-1, não promovendo no entanto um tratamento tão efetivo como em meio MS. Para cinetina, todos os tratamentos exibiram formação de calo e/ou ausência de brotações em meio MS, e baixa porcentagem de brotação em meio WPM. Os tratamentos realizados com AIB e ANA não tiveram rizogênese efetiva em meio MS, apresentando formação de raízes pouco desenvolvidas em apenas poucos explantes no tratamento de 4,0 mg L-1 de ANA em meio WPM

Produção do curta-metragem “os que vivem o sonho” baseado no estudo da biologia das aves

As aves caracterizam-se por serem um grupo de vertebrados muito diverso. Devido a algumas características de sua biologia, como a capacidade do vôo, esse grupo é encontrado em praticamente todos os biomas do planeta. O Brasil, por exemplo, possui mais de 1.800 espécies de aves; calculada, na base das coleções de J. Natterer, a relação das espécies de mamíferos para as de aves seria aproximadamente 1:6. Dessa forma, as pesquisas envolvendo o estudo da biologia comportamental e anatômica, e as relações ecológicas das aves com o meio ambiente tornam-se extremamente importantes para a compreensão da Biologia. Porém, esse estudo normalmente se retém ao grupo restrito dos pesquisadores, e pouco se propaga e se traduz para os leigos. Existem diversas formas de se realizar essa tradução, e o audiovisual é uma ferramenta muito eficaz para realizar isso. A união do vídeo e da imagem com o som torna a propagação de informações muito mais dinâmica do que produzir algo escrito, ou fotografias, por exemplo. Durante o ano de 2009 diversas filmagens foram realizadas nas cidades de Bauru, Botucatu e São Paulo com a câmera fotográfica Panasonic Lumix FZ28 e com uma filmadora camcorder Sony. Em seguida, foi realizada a edição de todo material gravado

Criopreservação de sêmen de epidídimo de garanhões

It is a fact that Brasil has a featured position in the equine market due to the size and the high quality of its squad. To keep the competitivity, the reproduction biotechnologies have a big and important role. The cryopreservation of stallion semen, for example, generates innumerous advantages, which includes: larger number of obtained doses, storing genetic material for undetermined time, using the semen of a good stallion even after its dead or any other event that makes both semen collection and mating impossible, etc. In this context, the cryopreservation of epididymal sperm, has been seen as a promising technique in equine reproduction. The epididymal cauda has a significant quantity of fertile spermatozoa and this ensures a huge store of cells in cases of unexpected accidents, which can early interrupt with the reproductive life of a stallion. Lots of studies are being developed using the cryopreservation of stallion epididymal sperm. These studies permit the propagation of high quality genetic material and make possible for the stallion owner to opt for a final semen collect in unexpected circumstances

Análise fractal de fraturas em regime linear elástico: modo I de carregamento

For the development of this graduate work of fractal fracture behavior, it is necessary to establish references for fractal analysis on fracture surfaces, evaluating, from tests of fracture tenacity on modes I, II and combined I / II, the behavior of fractures in fragile materials, on linear elastic regime. Fractures in the linear elastic regime are described by your fractal behavior by several researchers, especially Mecholsky JJ. The motivation of that present proposal stems from work done by the group and accepted for publication in the journal Materials Science and Engineering A (Horovistiz et al, 2010), where the model of Mecholsky could not be proven for fractures into grooved specimens for tests of diametric compression of titania on mode I. The general objective of this proposal is to quantify the distinguish surface regions formed by different mechanisms of fracture propagation in linear elastic regime in polymeric specimens (phenolic resin), relating tenacity, thickness of the specimens and fractal dimension. The analyzed fractures were obtained from SCB tests in mode I loading, and the acquisition of images taken using an optical reflection microscope and the surface topographies obtained by the extension focus method of reconstruction, calculating the values of fractal dimension with the use of maps of elevations. The fractal dimension was classified as monofractal dimension (Df), when the fracture is described by a single value, or texture size (Dt), which is a macroscopic analysis of the fracture, combined with the structural dimension (Ds), which is a microscopic analysis. The results showed that there is no clear relationship between tenacity, thickness and fractal values for the material investigated. On the other hand it is clear that the fractal values change with the evolution of cracks during the fracture process ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Modelo de regressão logística aplicado ao estudo epidemiológico do HIV/AIDS na cidade de Campinas-SP

A compreensão da epidemia do HIV e da AIDS em suas diferentes dimensões socioeconômica, cultural, biológica e política entre outras, representa um grande desafio para a Saúde Pública no Brasil e no mundo, desde o seu surgimento a cerca de duas décadas. Tanto na magnitude da propagação do HIV quanto na mortalidade por AIDS, reflete-se a crescente desigualdade entre países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Na medida em que se acentuam as diferenças de acesso ao tratamento, diminui a mortalidade por AIDS nos países mais ricos e aumenta nos países mais pobres, exceção feita ao Brasil, um dos poucos países que adotaram a política de distribuição gratuita de anti-retrovirais. Segue, no desenvolvimento deste trabalho, a análise do perfil epidemiológico da doença no município de Campinas-SP de acordo com a evolução do tratamento disponibilizado pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), utilizando o método de Regressão Logística segundo variáveis consideradas relevantes para o estudo e com base em parâmetros estimados a partir dessas variáveis

WiMAX interoperabilidade mundial para acesso de microondas

This paper presents a technique dubbed WiMAX radio link, the IEEE 802.16 was completed in October 2001 and published on April 8, 2002 and is constantly updated, this technology specifies an interface for wireless metropolitan networks (WMAN) and is under control of the WiMAX Forum, which is a group of companies responsible for the dissipation of this technology in the world, the great benefit of this standard is to offer broadband Internet connection in areas where there is no infrastructure such as fiber optics that has a cost higher. The main purpose of this paper is to present the theoretical and technical characteristics of this technology for both the standard for fixed and mobile standard, regulation of frequency bands by the FCC and description of the physical layer, through to basic concepts are used in many other types of radio link and technologies have been adapted and updated for this little-known standard, allowing a greater range and speed, which are specified and differentiate these advancements is one of the contributions of the work done here. After the theoretical conceptualization stage, a real case study has been inserted in this work to demonstrate the effectiveness of this technology deployed. The idea of presenting this case study is linked to a better view of the use of standard in the market, nationwide

Comportamento fractal de superfícies de fadiga em ligas aeronaúticas

Fracture surfaces express sequences of events of energy release with crack propagation in metal alloys, the evolution of topographic features can indicate the lines of load action, failures during the use or processing. The quantitative fractography is an important tool in the study of fracture surfaces, because it allows their interpretation and characterization. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the characterization of fracture surfaces grounded on concepts such as selfsimilarity and self-affinity, it used the 15-5PH steel that was characterized by metallographic and tensile tests. The metallography allows the microstructural characterization of this steel and proved the presence of the martensite phase in the slats form and a fine-grained, both in the radial and in the axial direction of the dowel. The tensile test (ASTM E8) of this material allowed the determination of the mechanical properties, so based on the obtained results it was possible to affirm that the 15-5PH steel has high mechanical properties and a good stretch. Besides, the specimens also underwent testing of crack propagation, standardized by ASTM E647-00, thus it was obtained the fracture surfaces for characterization under monofractal and multifractal approaches. In front of all the exposed it was possible to conclude that in all measurements the correlation between the crack tip position and the fractal dimension was established in accordance with changes in the thickness and in the fracture micromechanisms presents. Furthermore, the multifractal approach was more sensitive to these variations allowing a more detailed characterization of the morphology

Herbários podem atuar como banco de germoplasma para o cerrado paulista?

Diante do fato da existência de inúmeros diásporos preservados em exsicatas nos herbários e da necessidade de se desenvolverem novas práticas conservacionistas esta pesquisa buscou avaliar a capacidade de um herbário de atuar como banco de germoplasma complemetar através da propagação de espécies vegetais pela germinação sementes retiradas de exsicatas. O estudo teve como foco espécies típicas do cerrado lato sensu, pois estas tiveram uma trajetória evolutiva com pressões de queimadas naturais, o que provavelmente proporciona às sementes destas espécies maior resistência à dessecassão provocada pelo processo de herborização. Foram utilizados apenas propágulos que apresentavam maturação completa no momento de coleta. Estes provieram de duplicatas do herbário ESA (sediado na ESALQ - USP – Piracicaba). Os testes de germinação foram realizados em substrato de vermiculita fina peneirada, previamente esterelizada, e conduzidos em câmaras de germinação tipo B.O.D. (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) sob fotoperíodo por 24 horas e temperatura constante de 25°C. Estes foram mantido e avaliados 3 vezes por semana durante 60 dias. A pesquisa abrangeu 80 espécies, 25 famílias e um total de 1346 sementes. O N amostral de cada espécie variou de 1 a 30, dependendo da disponibilidade do material. Não foram realizados métodos de quebra de dormência, mas mesmo assim praticamente todas as sementes apresentaram embebissão, com excessão de 8 sementes de Stryphnodendron adstringens. Sementes de cinco espécies germinaram, o que representa que representam 6,25% (N=80) do total de espécies. Elas petencem à duas famílias: Cochlospermum regium e Cochlospermum vitifolium da família Bixaceae e Bowdichia virgiloides, Hymenaea stigonocarpa e Stryphnodendron adstringens da família Fabaceae. A germinação ocorreu entre 10 e 30 dias após a montagem dos testes... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Atividade antimicrobiana de plantas medicinais e aromáticas pertencentes à CPMA - Coleção de Plantas Medicinais e Aromáticas do CPQBA - UNICAMP

The increase of the antimicrobial resistance and its propagation around the world are the biggest threats to the public health care and to the treatment of diseases caused by microorganisms. Nowadays the antimicrobial resistance has increased abruptly. The essential oils are volatile and aromatic compounds derived from parts of plants as flowers, leafs, fruits, seeds, roots, sprouts, among others. The activity of extracts and essential oils of several plant species have been recognized and studied by empirical methods since a long time, but its antimicrobial activities were confirmed recently. Medicinal plants are used in folk medicine as medicines, antibiotic, analgesic, sedative and anti-inflammatory. The use of medicinal plants like source of medicines is an alternative of therapeutics for diseases treatment. In Brazil, studies with this goal are very important, once medicinal plants have been used as a choice of treatment and prevention of infections and diseases in health areas. Considering the fact that some products from medicinal plants have antimicrobial properties it is expected that using screening programs, new potential medicaments could be developed. Otherwise, scientific researches focused on determining therapeutic potential of plants are limited, there are lack of scientific studies which confirms the potential antibiotics properties of a large number of plants. The aim of the present study is determinate the antimicrobial activity of 10 medicinal species belonging to CPMA - Collection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants from CPQBA/UNICAMP. The minimal inhibitory (MIC) and minimal bactericidal or fungicidal concentration (MBC) will be determined against the bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella choleraesuis, Staphylococcus aureus and the yeast Candida albicans. Furthermore, will be conducted chemical identification and fractionation of essential oils and extract with better activity

Fractografia quantitativa e o conceito de tenacidade à fratura para a análise do efeitodo choque térmicos em TiO2

The present study evaluated the use of semicircular bending test (SCB) as an alternative to conventional bending test to examine the effect of thermal shock. Still, studies the behavior of fracture surfaces generated by monofractal behavior analysis, which allows us to evaluate the contributions of the microstructure and the mechanical context in forming reliefs during the crack propagation. The fractal analysis is made from elevation maps obtained by reconstruction method by extension of the focus stacks of digital images acquired in microscope. The specimens used were samples semicircular pressed TiO2 (rutile) with and without heat shock, prepared for testing mode I loading. Were also produced, specimens in the form of bars for Weibull statistical analysis. From the three-point bending test, we found the variation of fracture toughness between the samples after the heat shock and natural condition. The SCB test was feasible for the analysis of thermal shock resistance. The results showed that the value of the fracture toughness decreases as the heat shock treatment

Carvão (Sporisorium scitamineum) e podridão-abacaxi (Ceratocystis paradoxa) em cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.): uma revisão

Sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) is an important grass cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, such as in Br, Ind, and Ch, and has its biomass being raw material for production of sugar, fuel ethanol, and some other derivatives. Fungal diseases infect sugarcane fields worldwide, damaging crops and thus, causing great economic losses. Fungal specialized structures act during all Pathogen-Host Relationship Cycle (PHRC) (survival, dissemination, infection, colonization, and reproduction of pathogen), maintaining fungal populations in cultivation soil, infecting plants in following crops and vegetative propagation of sugarcane by infected seeds may allow fungal transportation into regions where diseases haven’t occured before. Biotechnological methods and approaches have significantly contributed to understanding of the relationship among parasite and host, as to diseases management (control, detection, and prevention). Some techniques have daily applications in Agriculture, while others are only used in research and to breeding of host resistant varieties. Among notable diseases, smut (Sporisorium scitamineum) and pineapple disease (Ceratocystis paradoxa) are important because they cause damage and losses in sugarcane regions, although there are different periods for each one to occur. This work aims to review the PHRC for each patosystem, the biotechnological methods and approaches and its perspectives in the study and management of these diseases. As environment is an important factor to the effectiveness of PHRC, one chapter is dedicated to Global Climate Change (GCC) and its possible influences over these diseases in a longterm period

Comunicação e ações sociais na era da convergência e da interatividade

This paper aims to propose a communication plan to Internet media that explores interaction, expanding “Agência Propagação” institutional communication and of its principal product, the social propaganda messages named “Minuto Consciente”. This study will be based on the concepts of Convergence Culture (JENKINS, 2009), Digital Marketing (TORRES, 2009), Integrated Communication (KUNSCH, 2003) and Computer Mediated Interaction (PRIMO, 2007) to understand the communication an interaction phenomenon in digital era and select the strategies to establish a continuous communication flow in different medias. Therefore, this paper will use exploratory and empirical methodology

Estudos de elementos repetitivos presentes no genoma da espécie Schizodon borelli (Characiformes: Anostomidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Análise da dinâmica do uso da terra e sua interferência em enchentes na área urbana do município de Americana (SP)

Due to an intense process of population growth and urban density in Americana (SP), mainly due to the development of the local textile industry after 1970, there was, concomitant to the occupation of the margin of rivers and streams, soil sealing that increased the level of superficial runoff, triggering frequent floods. Based on the analysis of these processes we investigate the conditions of one densely urbanized area of the county, the Córrego do Parque, in three time series, 1977, 1996 and 2008. Taking as the starting the characterization and spatial distribution of landscape physiography, we prepared thematic letters and synthetic maps digital scale 1:10,000 from photointerpretation of aeroframes. The thematic maps were produced by scanning with subsequent edition using the software Auto-Cad Map. Checking the data and of geographic coordinates with GPS (Global Positioning System). Regarding land use classes, we used the description of the Soil Conservation Service (1975) which allowed us to get the Curve Number parameter, which will be used in hydrologic modeling for verification of flooding (Tucci, 1989). For the process of hydrologic modeling, we used models based on Methodology Object Oriented Modeling Applied to Water Resource Systems, Viegas Filho (1999), using the computer program called IPHS1, which uses models of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS , 2004), for conversion of rainfall-runoff and the spread of excessive rain. The results indicate that increased waterproofing generated by the change in use and occupation over the past decades promoted the increased surface runoff and drainage system overload, increasing the intensity of floods

Proposta de arquitetura e protocolo para a geração automática de assinaturas de malwares

Given the exponential growth in the spread of the virus world wide web (Internet) and its increasing complexity, it is necessary to adopt more complex systems for the extraction of malware finger-prints (malware fingerprints - malicious software; is the name given to extracting unique information leading to identification of the virus, equivalent to humans, the fingerprint). The architecture and protocol proposed here aim to achieve more efficient fingerprints, using techniques that make a single fingerprint enough to compromise an entire group of viruses. This efficiency is given by the use of a hybrid approach of extracting fingerprints, taking into account the analysis of the code and the behavior of the sample, so called viruses. The main targets of this proposed system are Polymorphics and Metamorphics Malwares, given the difficulty in creating fingerprints that identify an entire family from these viruses. This difficulty is created by the use of techniques that have as their main objective compromise analysis by experts. The parameters chosen for the behavioral analysis are: File System; Records Windows; RAM Dump and API calls. As for the analysis of the code, the objective is to create, in binary virus, divisions in blocks, where it is possible to extract hashes. This technique considers the instruction there and its neighborhood, characterized as being accurate. In short, with this information is intended to predict and draw a profile of action of the virus and then create a fingerprint based on the degree of kinship between them (threshold), whose goal is to increase the ability to detect viruses that do not make part of the same family