Rapport sur le fonctionnement de l'Institut Océanographique de l'Indochine pendant l'année 1932-1933

The present note deals with the functions and activities done by the Institute of oceanography of Indochina during 1932-1933.

Rapport sur le fonctionnement du l'Institut Océanographique de l'Indochine pendant l'année 1933-1934

The present note deals with the functions and activities done by the Institute of oceanography of Indochina during 1933-1934.

Rapport sur le fonctionnement de l'Institut Océanographique de l'Indochine pendant l'année 1934-1935

The present note deals with the functions and activities done by the Institute of oceanography of Indochina during 1934-1935.

O papel das representações na resolução de problemas de Matemática: um estudo no 1º ano de escolaridade

Este estudo tem como objectivo investigar o papel que as representações, construídas por alunos do 1.o ano de escolaridade, desempenham na resolução de problemas de Matemática. Mais concretamente, a presente investigação procura responder às seguintes questões: Que representações preferenciais utilizam os alunos para resolver problemas? De que forma é que as diferentes representações são influenciadas pelas estratégias de resolução de problemas utilizadas pelos alunos? Que papéis têm os diferentes tipos de representação na resolução dos problemas? Nesta investigação assume-se que a resolução de problemas constitui uma actividade muito importante na aprendizagem da Matemática no 1.o Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Os problemas devem ser variados, apelar a estratégias diversificadas de resolução e permitir diferentes representações por parte dos alunos. As representações cativas, icónicas e simbólicas constituem importantes ferramentas para os alunos organizarem, registarem e comunicarem as suas ideias matemáticas, nomeadamente no âmbito da resolução de problemas, servindo igualmente de apoio à compreensão de conceitos e relações matemáticas. A metodologia de investigação segue uma abordagem interpretativa tomando por design o estudo de caso. Trata-se simultaneamente de uma investigação sobre a própria prática, correspondendo os quatro estudos de caso a quatro alunos da turma de 1.0 ano de escolaridade da investigadora. A recolha de dados teve lugar durante o ano lectivo 2007/2008 e recorreu à observação, à análise de documentos, a diários, a registos áudio/vídeo e ainda a conversas com os alunos. A análise de dados que, numa primeira fase, acompanhou a recolha de dados, teve como base o problema e as questões da investigação bem como o referencial teórico que serviu de suporte à investigação. Com base no referencial teórico e durante o início do processo de análise, foram definidas as categorias de análise principais, sujeitas posteriormente a um processo de adequação e refinamento no decorrer da análise e tratamento dos dados recolhidos -com vista à construção dos casos em estudo. Os resultados desta investigação apontam as representações do tipo icónico e as do tipo simbólico como as representações preferenciais dos alunos, embora sejam utilizadas de formas diferentes, com funções distintas e em contextos diversos. Os elementos simbólicos apoiam-se frequentemente em elementos icónicos, sendo estes últimos que ajudam os alunos a descompactar o problema e a interpretá-lo. Nas representações icónicas enfatiza-se o papel do diagrama, o qual constitui uma preciosa ferramenta de apoio ao raciocínio matemático. Conclui-se ainda que enquanto as representações activas dão mais apoio a estratégias de resolução que envolvem simulação, as representações icónicas e simbólicas são utilizadas com estratégias diversificadas. As representações construídas, com papéis e funções diferentes entre si, e que desempenham um papel crucial na correcta interpretação e resolução dos problemas, parecem estar directamente relacionadas com as caraterísticas da tarefa proposta no que diz respeito às estruturas matemáticas envolvidas. ABSTRACT; The objective of the present study is to investigate the role of the representations constructed by 1st grade students in mathematical problem solving. More specifically, this research is oriented by the following questions: Which representations are preferably used by students to solve problems? ln which way the strategies adopted by the students in problem solving influence those distinct representations? What is the role of the distinct types of representation in the problems solving process? ln this research it is assumed that the resolution of problems is a very important activity in the Mathematics learning at the first cycle of basic education. The problems must be varied, appealing to diverse strategies of resolution and allow students to construct distinct representations. The active, iconic and symbolic representations are important tools for students to organize, to record and to communicate their mathematical ideas, particularly in problem solving context, as well as supporting the understanding of mathematical concepts and relationships. The adopted research methodology follows an interpretative approach, and was developed in the context of the researcher classroom, originating four case studies corresponding to four 1 st grade students of the researcher's class. Data collection was carried out during the academic year of 2007/2008 and was based on observation, analysis of documents, diaries, audio and video records and informal conversations with students. The initial data analysis was based on the problems and issues of research, as well in the theoretical framework that supports it. The main categories of analysis were defined based on the theoretical framework, and were subjected to a process of adaptation and refining during data processing and analysis aiming the -case studies construction. The results show that student's preferential representations are the iconic and the symbolic, although these types of representations are used in different ways, with different functions and in different contexts. The symbolic elements are often supported by iconic elements, the latter helping students to unpack the problem and interpret it. ln the iconic representations the role of the diagrams is emphasized, consisting in a valuable tool to support the mathematical reasoning. One can also conclude that while the active representations give more support to the resolution strategies involving simulation, the iconic and symbolic representations are preferably used with different strategies. The representations constructed with distinct roles and functions, are crucial in the proper interpretation and resolution of problems, and seem to be directly related to the characteristics of the proposed task with regard to the mathematical structures involved.

Rapport sur le fonctionnement de l'Institut Océanographique de l'Indochine pendant l'année 1935-1936

The present note deals with the functions and activities carried out by the Institute of oceanography of Indochina during 1935-1936

Rapport sur le fonctionnement de l'Institut Océanographique de l'Indochine pendant l'année 1936-1937

The present note deals with the functions and activities carried out by the Institute of oceanography of Indochina during 1936-1937

Rapport sur le fonctionnement de l'Institut Océanographique de l'Indochine pendant l'année 1937-1938

The present note deals with the functions and activities carried out by the Institute of oceanography of Indochina during 1937-1938

Development of dendritic cells in the intestine

The intestinal tract is exposed to a large variety of antigens such as food proteins, commensal bacteria and pathogens and contains one of the largest arms of the immune system. The intestinal immune system has to discriminate between harmless and harmful antigens, inducing tolerance to harmless antigens and active immunity towards pathogens and other harmful materials. Dendritic cells (DC) in the mucosal lamina propria (LP) are central to this process, as they sample bacteria from the local environment and constitutively migrate to the draining mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), where they present antigen to naïve T cells in order to direct an appropriate immune response. Despite their crucial role, understanding the function and phenotype of LP DC has been hampered by the fact that they share phenotypic markers with macrophages (mφ), which are the dominant population of mononuclear phagocyte (MP) in the LP. Recent work in our own and other laboratories has established gating strategies and phenotyping panels that allow precise discrimination between intestinal DC and mφ using the mφ specific markers CD64 and F4/80. In this way four bona fide DC subsets with distinct functions have been identified in adult LP based on their expression of CD11b and CD103 and a major aim of my project was to understand how these subsets might develop in the neonatal intestine. At the beginning of my PhD, the laboratory had used these new methods to show that signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα), an inhibitory receptor expressed by myeloid cells, was expressed by mφ and most DC in the intestine, except for those expressing CD103 alone. In addition, mice carrying a non-signalling mutation in SIRPα (SIRPα mt) had a selective reduction in CD103+CD11b+ DC, a subset which is unique to the intestinal LP. This was the basis for the initial experiments of my project, described in Chapter 3, where I investigated if the phenotype in SIRPα mt mice was intrinsic to haematopoietic cells or not. To explore this, I generated bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice by reconstituting irradiated WT mice with SIRPα mt BM, or SIRPα mt animals with WT BM. These experiments suggested that the defect in CD103+CD11b+ DC was not replicated in DC derived from BM of SIRPα origin. However as this seemed inconsistent with other data, I considered the possibility that 18 the phenotype may have been lost with age, as the BM chimeric mice were considerably older than those used in the original studies of SIRPα function. However a comparison of DC subsets in the intestine of WT and SIRPα mt mice as they aged provided no conclusive evidence to support this idea. As these experiments did show age-dependent effects on DC subsets, in Chapter 4, I went on to investigate how the DC populations appeared in the intestine and other tissues in the neonatal period. These experiments showed there were few CD103+CD11b+ DC present in the LP and migratory DC compartment of the MLN in the neonate and that as this population gradually increased in proportion with age, there was a reciprocal decrease in the relative proportion of CD103-CD11b+ DC. Interestingly, most of the changes in DC numbers in the intestine were found during the second or third week of life when the weaning process began. To validate my findings that there were few CD103+CD11b+ DC in the neonate and that this was not merely an absence of CD103 upregulation, I examined the expression of CD101 and Trem-1, markers that other work in the laboratory had suggested were specific to the CD103+CD11b+ DC lineage. My work showed that CD101 and Trem-1 were co- expressed by most CD103+CD11b+ DC in small intestine (SI) LP, as well as a small subset of CD103-CD11b+ DC in this tissue. Interestingly, Trem-1 was highly specific to the SI LP and migratory DC in the MLN, but absent from the colon and other tissues. CD101 expression was also only found on CD11b+ DC, but showed a less restricted pattern of distribution, being found in several tissues as well as the SI LP. The relative timing of their development suggested there might be a relationship between CD103+CD11b+ and CD103-CD11b+ DC and this was supported by microarray analysis. I hypothesised that the CD103-CD11b+ DC that co-expressed CD101 and Trem-1 may be the cells that developed into CD103+CD11b+ DC. To investigate this I analysed how CD101 and Trem-1 expression changed with age amongst the DC subsets in SI LP, colonic LP (CLP) and MLN. The proportion of CD101+Trem-1+ cells increased amongst CD103+CD11b+ DC in the SI LP and MLN with age, while amongst CD103+CD11b+ DC in the CLP this decreased. This was not the same in CD103-CD11b+ DC, where CD101 and Trem-1 expression was more varied with age in all tissues. CD101 and Trem-1 were not expressed to any great extent on CD103+CD11b- or CD103-CD11b- DC. The phenotypic development of the 19 intestinal DC subsets was paralleled by the gradual upregulation of CD103 expression, while the production of retinoic acid (RA), as assessed by the AldefluorTM assay, was low early in life and did not attain adult levels until after weaning. Thus DC in the neonatal intestine take some time to acquire the adult pattern of phenotypic subsets and are functionally immature compared with their adult counterparts. In Chapter 5, I used CD101 and Trem-1 to explore the ontogeny of intestinal DC subsets in CCR2-/- and SIRPα mt mice, both of which have selective defects in one particular group of DC. The selective defect seen amongst CD103+CD11b+ DC in adult SIRPα mt mice was more profound in mice at D7 and D14 of age, indicating that it may be intrinsic to this population and not highly dependent on environmental factors that change after birth. The expression of CD101 and Trem-1 by both CD103+CD11b+ and CD103-CD11b+ DC was reduced in SIRPα mt mice, again indicating that this entire lineage was affected by the lack of SIRPα signalling. However there was also a generalised defect in the numbers of all DC subsets in many tissues from early in life, suggesting there was compromised development, recruitment or survival of DC in the absence of SIRPα signalling. In contrast to the findings in SIRPα mt mice, more CD103+CD11b+ DC co-expressed CD101 and Trem-1 in CCR2-/- mice, while there were no differences in the expression of these molecules amongst CD103-CD11b+ DC. This may suggest that CCR2+ CD103-CD11b+ DC are not the cells that express CD101 and Trem-1 that are predicted to be the direct precursors of CD103+CD11b+ DC. I also examined the expression of DC growth factor receptors on DC subsets from mice of different ages, but no clear age or subset- related patterns of the expression of mRNA for Csf2ra, Irf4, Tgfbr1 and Rara could be observed. Next, I investigated whether Trem-1 played any role in DC development. Preliminary experiments in Trem-1-/- mice show no differences between any of the DC subsets, nor were there any selective effects on individual subsets when DC development from Trem-1-/- KO and WT BM was compared in competitive chimeras. However these experiments were difficult to interpret due to viability problems and because I found an unexpected defect in the ability of Trem-1-/- BM to generate all DC, irrespective of whether they expressed Trem-1 or not. 20 The final experiments I carried out were to examine the role of the microbiota in driving the differentiation of intestinal DC subsets, based on the hypothesis that this could be one of the environmental factors that might influence events in the developing intestine. To this end I performed experiments in both antibiotic treated and germ free adult mice, both of which showed no significant phenotypic differences amongst any of the DC subsets. However the study of germ free mice was compromised by recent contamination of the colony and may not be the conclusive answer. Together the data in this thesis have shown that the population of CD103+CD11b+ DC, which is unique to the intestine, is not present at birth. These cells gradually increase in frequency over time and as this occurs there is a reciprocal decrease in the frequency of CD103-CD11b+ DC. Along with other results, this leads to the idea that there may be a linear developmental pathway from CD103-CD11b+ DC to CD103+CD11b+ DC that is driven by non-microbial factors that are located preferentially in the small intestine. My project indicates that markers such as CD101 and Trem-1 may assist the dissection of this process and highlights the importance of the neonatal period for these events.

Rapport sur le fonctionnement de l'Institut Océanographique de l'Indochine pendant l'années 1938-1947

The present note deals with the functions and activities done by the Institute of oceanography of Indochina during 1938-1947.

RestrictionDigest: A powerful Perl module for simulating genomic restriction digests

Background: Reduced-representation sequencing technology iswidely used in genotyping for its economical and efficient features. A popular way to construct the reduced-representation sequencing libraries is to digest the genomic DNA with restriction enzymes. A key factor of this method is to determine the restriction enzyme(s). But there are few computer programs which can evaluate the usability of restriction enzymes in reduced-representation sequencing. SimRAD is an R package which can simulate the digestion of DNA sequence by restriction enzymes and return enzyme loci number as well as fragment number. But for linkage mapping analysis, enzyme loci distribution is also an important factor to evaluate the enzyme. For phylogenetic studies, comparison of the enzyme performance across multiple genomes is important. It is strongly needed to develop a simulation tool to implement these functions. Results: Here, we introduce a Perl module named RestrictionDigest with more functions and improved performance. It can analyze multiple genomes at one run and generate concise comparison of enzyme performance across the genomes. It can simulate single-enzyme digestion, double-enzyme digestion and size selection process and generate comprehensive information of the simulation including enzyme loci number, fragment number, sequences of the fragments, positions of restriction sites on the genome, the coverage of digested fragments on different genome regions and detailed fragment length distribution. Conclusions: RestrictionDigest is an easy-to-use Perl module with flexible parameter settings.With the help of the information produced by the module, researchers can easily determine the most appropriate enzymes to construct the reduced-representation libraries to meet their experimental requirements.

Caractérisation des interactions établies par la région riche en prolines de la ligase de l’ubiquitine Itch

Itch est un membre de la famille des ligases de l’ubiquitine de type CWH (C2-WW- HECT) impliqué dans le contrôle de la signalisation inflammatoire, des facteurs de transcription et le tri des récepteurs membranaires. La fonction d’Itch implique généralement sa capacité à induire la dégradation de ses substrats. Pour accomplir cette fonction, Itch doit d’abord interagir avec ses cibles. Itch possède quatre domaines WW lui permettant d’accomplir la majorité de ses fonctions. En plus de ces domaines, Itch possède une PRR (région riche en prolines) unique parmi les ligases CWH. Cette région est bien conservée chez les vertébrés, ce qui suggère son importance. Cette région permet à Itch d’interagir avec des protéines contenant un domaine SH3 (Src homology 3). Plusieurs partenaires SH3 furent identifiés, cependant l’on connait peu de choses concernant la fonction et l’établissement de ces complexes. Dans ce projet, nous avons analysé les propriétés de liaison d’un sous-groupe de protéines à domaine SH3 impliquées dans l’endocytose et la signalisation cellulaire. Nos travaux ont permis d’identifier de nouveaux partenaires et aussi de déterminer que différents domaines SH3 ciblent la même région riche en prolines, mais impliquent des résidus distincts. Ces résultats démontrent la variété des propriétés de liaison démontrées par la PRR d’Itch et sa préférence marquée pour l’Endophiline. Parmi les partenaires identifiés, Grb2 (Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2) est particulièrement intéressant en raison de son rôle crucial dans la signalisation cellulaire. Nous avons démontré ici qu’Itch ubiquityle Grb2, mais ne cause pas sa dégradation, contrairement à l’Endophiline. Nos travaux démontrent que la PRR d’Itch est versatile quant à ses interactions et leurs conséquences.

Efecto del ejercicio de tiro y arrastre sobre el eje renina-angiotensina-aldosterona y cociente testosterona/cortisol en caballos euhidratados y deshidratados

Introducción. El estado hídrico previo al inicio de un ejercicio (hiperhidratación-deshidratación o hipohidratación y euhidratación) modifica la respuesta neurohumoral. En personas, la deshidratación origina una liberación incrementada de las hormonas implicadas en el mantenimiento de la volemia y del estado hidroelectrolítico, tales como la renina (REN), angiotensina (ANG) y aldosterona (ALD). La testosterona (T) es una hormona anabólica, mientras que el cortisol (C) es una hormona de estrés, con funciones catabólicas. El cociente T/C es un reflejo de la intensidad anabólica/catabólica de un ejercicio y en atletas humanos, se ve afectada por el estado hídrico. Objetivos. 1) Describir las variaciones en las concentraciones de REN, ANG, ALD, T, C y ratio T/C en caballos durante un ejercicio de tiro y arrastre, en relación con otros marcadores de equilibrio hidroelectrolítico y en función de la carga arrastrada; 2) Analizar si la respuesta de estas hormonas al ejercicio difiere entre animales con deshidratación hipertónica y euhidratados; Hipótesis: 1) Que las concentraciones de REN, ANG, ALD, T, C serán más elevadas en los caballos deshidratados que en los euhidratados; 2) Que el ejercicio de tiro y arrastre, particularmente en los animales de mayor peso corporal, inducirá una mayor activación del eje REN, ANG, ALD y una liberación superior de T; 3) Que los animales deshidratados experimentarán un incremento más intenso de estas hormonas en respuesta al ejercicio. Material y métodos. Se han llevado a cabo dos estudios simultáneos. En el estudio I, se han analizado los siguientes parámetros: valor hematócrito (HTO), albúmina (ALB), sodio (Na), potasio (K), cloro (Cl), lactato (LA) y concentraciones séricas de REN, ANG y ALD y en el estudio II, se han determinado las concentraciones de ALB, T, C y ratio T/C. En el estudio I, se han incluido 64 caballos machos, enteros y castrados, divididos en dos grupos según su estado hídrico: grupo control o euhidratado (CTR, n=11) y grupo deshidratado (DH; n=53), con deshidratación hipertónica inducida por restricción de agua y comida. Además, según su peso corporal, los animales se han dividido en 3 categorías de peso: I (<350 kg; n=3 para grupo CTR; n=23 para DH), II (351-450 kg; n=3 para CTR; n=18 para DH) y III (>451 kg; n=5 para CTR; n=12 para DH). En el estudio II, se han incluido los mismos animales, con excepción de la categoría de peso III para el grupo CTR, que solo está constituida por 3 animales, en lugar de 5, al descartar a los machos castrados, debido a la medición de T. Todos los animales, realizaron un ejercicio consistente en recorrer una pista de arena de playa de 60 m de longitud, tirando de un carruaje, con 2, 2,25 y 2,5 veces su peso corporal para las tres categorías de peso. La pista de arena se dividió en cuatro áreas de 15 m, en cada una de las cuales, el animal hizo una parada obligatoria, de duración decidida por el acompañante, y que se incluyó como tiempo de carrera. Los animales eran eliminados si se superan los 5 min de duración. En los dos estudios, se tomaron muestras de sangre en los siguientes tiempos: en reposo, antes del ejercicio (R), dentro del primer minuto tras finalizar el ejercicio (E) y a los 5, 10, 15 y 30 minutos de una recuperación pasiva (5REC, 10REC, 15REC y 30REC). Resultados. Estudio I. La diferencia de peso de los caballos tuvo una influencia mínima en los valores basales y en la respuesta al ejercicio. En reposo, los caballos DH tuvieron valores superiores de HTO, ALB, LA, Na, K y ANG en comparación con los CTR. El ejercicio condicionó una elevación de HTO, ALB, LA y Na, tanto en los caballos CTR como en los DH. Se encontró un incremento de ANG en los caballos DH y de ALD en los caballos CTR. La elevación con el ejercicio experimentada por los parámetros analizados fue de magnitud similar en los grupos CTR y DH, con excepción del LA (incrementó más en DH) y ALD (aumentó más en CTR). Estudio II. El ejercicio dio lugar a un aumento de T en las categorías I y III de los grupos CTR y DH, así como un descenso en la categoría II del grupo CTR. El C mostró un aumento progresivo en las tres categorías y en los dos grupos de estado hídrico, con los valores máximos en el tiempo 30REC. El ratio T/C aumentó en la categoría III del grupo DH, descendió en la categoría II del grupo CTR y no varió en los otros casos. Los animales DH, independientemente de la categoría de peso, tuvieron valores superiores de T y C, en la mayoría de los tiempos de extracción de muestras. Sin embargo, si se consideran los cambios experimentados por estas hormonas durante el ejercicio o en la recuperación, en relación a los valores basales, el aumento del C fue más marcado en el grupo CTR que en el DH, para las tres categorías de peso. Las variaciones de la concentración de T fueron superiores en las categorías de peso I y III del grupo CTR que en el grupo DH. El ratio T/C fue estadísticamente igual entre caballos CTR y DH en las categorías I y III, mientras que en la categoría II, los caballos DH presentaron cocientes T/C mayores. Conclusiones. La deshidratación hipertónica altera la concentración de las hormonas implicadas en la regulación del equilibrio hidro-electrolítico, de la presión sanguínea y del metabolismo. Sin embargo, el estado hídrico previo al ejercicio tiene una acción mínima sobre la magnitud de estos cambios en respuesta a un ejercicio de tiro y arrastre de corta duración (inferior a 5 min). Relevancia. Se ha demostrado que la respuesta neurohumoral, determinada en base a las concentraciones circulantes de las hormonas REN, ANG, ALD, T y C, se ve afectada por el ejercicio cuando el animal empieza el mismo en estado de euhidratación o de deshidratación.

A Gestão da Carreira nos Quadros Permanentes de Sargentos da Força Aérea – Que Futuro?

A existência de assimetrias no desenvolvimento da carreira dos militares da categoria de Sargentos dos Quadros Permanentes da Força Aérea, originou o desenvolvimento de um estudo que propõe identificar linhas orientadoras que concorram para mitigar os efeitos dessas mesmas assimetrias bem como contribuam, no âmbito da criação de um novo sistema de gestão de carreiras de Sargentos, para potenciais alterações que permitam alinhar as necessidades organizacionais e individuais. Com base no mapa concetual construído, foi desenvolvido um estudo apoiado na análise de dados relativos à categoria de Sargentos bem como realizadas entrevistas a especialistas, com funções e experiência relevantes na área da gestão de carreiras militares, de forma a, recorrendo a um método hipotético-dedutivo, comprovar hipóteses e responder a perguntas derivadas e por conseguinte à pergunta de partida que norteou esta investigação. Com este estudo concluiu-se que existe a necessidade de a Força Aérea implementar um sistema integrado de gestão estratégica da carreira dos Sargentos, propondo-se o modelo de Edgar Schein de planeamento e desenvolvimento estratégico de Recursos Humanos como possível aproximação a um modelo a implementar na Força Aérea, bem como foi igualmente identificada a utilização menos eficiente de ferramentas essenciais como são a formação e o mérito militar. Abstract: The existence of asymmetries in the development of the military career in the category of Sergeants of the permanent boards of the Air Force, led to the development of a study intended to identify guidelines that contribute to mitigate the effects of those asymmetries and contribute, within the creation of a new Sergeants career management system, for potential amendments for aligning organizational and individual needs. Based on the constructed conceptual map, a study was developed supported in data analysis on the Sergeants category as well as interviews with experts, with relevant functions and experience in the management of military careers, so, using a hypothetical-deductive method, prove hypotheses and answer derived questions and therefore the starting question that guided this research. This study concluded that there is a need for the Air Force to implement an integrated strategic management career system for Sergeants, proposing the Edgar Schein model of strategic planning and development of human resources as a possible approach to a model to be implemented in the Air Force, and it was also identified a less efficient use of essential tools as are training and military merit.

Avaliação ecológico-econômica do manguezal de Macau/RN e a importância da aplicação de práticas preservacionistas pela indústria petrolífera local

This work presents the results of a survey in oil-producing region of the Macau City, northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte. All work was performed under the Project for Monitoring Environmental Change and the Influence of Hydrodynamic forcing on Morphology Beach Grass Fields, Serra Potiguar in Macau, with the support of the Laboratory of Geoprocessing, linked to PRH22 - Training Program in Geology Geophysics and Information Technology Oil and Gas - Department of Geology/CCET/UFRN and the Post-Graduation in Science and Engineering Oil/PPGCEP/UFRN. Within the economic-ecological context, this paper assesses the importance of mangrove ecosystem in the region of Macau and its surroundings as well as in the following investigative exploration of potential areas for projects involving reforestation and / or Environmental Restoration. At first it was confirmed the ecological potential of mangrove forests, with primary functions: (i) protection and stabilization of the shoreline, (ii) nursery of marine life, and (iii) source of organic matter to aquatic ecosystems, (iv) refuge of species, among others. In the second phase, using Landsat imagery and techniques of Digital Image Processing (DIP), I came across about 18,000 acres of land that can be worked on environmental projects, being inserted in the rules signed the Kyoto Protocol to the market carbon. The results also revealed a total area of 14,723.75 hectares of activity of shrimp production and salting that can be harnessed for the social, economic and environmental potential of the region, considering that over 60% of this area, ie, 8,800 acres, may be used in the planting of the genus Avicennia considered by the literature that the species best sequesters atmospheric carbon, reaching a mean value of 59.79 tons / ha of mangrove

Avaliação da correlação entre os parâmetros, carbono orgânico total e elementos tóxicos, em solo de um posto de serviço e revenda de combustíveis

Today a major responsibility for the contamination of soil and groundwater and surface water are establishments known as gas stations of fuel which has attracted increasing attention from both the general population as the state agencies of environmental control due to leaks in storage tanks and mainly to disruption of pipe corrosion of tanks and pumping. Other services, like oil changes and car wash are also causes for concern in this type of establishment. These leaks can cause or waste produced, and the contamination of aquifers, serious health problems and public safety, since most of these stations located in urban areas. Based on this, the work was to evaluate soil contamination of a particular service station and fuel sales in the city of Natal, through the quantification of heavy metals like Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn of total organic carbon (TOC) and organic matter using different techniques such as optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma source (ICP OES), Total Organic Carbon analyzer and gravimetric analysis respectively. And also to characterize the soil through particle size analysis. Samples were taken in 21 georeferenced points and collected in the same period. The soils sampled in sampling stations P3, P5, P6, P10, P11, P12, P13, P14, P15, P17, P18 and P20 showed the smallest size fractions ranging from fine sand to medium sand. The other study sites ranged from fine sand to medium sand, except the point P8 showed that only the type size medium sand and P19, indicating a particle size of the coarse type. The small correlation of organic matter with the elements studied in this work suggests that these are not of anthropogenic origin but geochemical support