Source Provenance of Pre-Historic Granitic Grindstones: The Case Study of the Cogotas I Archaeological Site of Arroyo Mucientes/San Lázaro (Castronuño, Valladolid) and a Proposal on the General Methodological Flow Process

The occurrence of hand grindstones at the Cogotas I archaeological sites is considered to be a common feature. Given that a distant-provenance raw material is frequently involved, determination of its source is a basic factor in the search for a better understanding of resource management and for any Political Economy approach. To progress in these directions an overall study should be planned, using selected grindstones with a view to covering diverse sub-zones of the Cogotas I dispersal area, especially because of its considerable distance from the granite basement source. Such a study may today includes diverse analytical procedures combining successive geographic, petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical criteria. To check the plausibility of the proposed methodology, a preliminary test has been carried out on two granite grindstones, obtained at the archaeological excavation at the Castronuño (Valladolid) Cogotian site, which is fifty km away from an inferred source area that was presumably located at Peñausende (Zamora). The result obtained validates the proposed operational process, yielding a generalizable knowledge to other similar situations.

Tourism Impacts of a Portuguese World Heritage Historic Center: Residents’ Perspectives

The World Heritage List (WHL) is widely considered a powerful tool for national tourism campaigns. Sites inscribed on the WHL by the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) are commonly treated as catholicons in promoting the tourism industry, which in turn helps to promote economic growth and development. This study analyzes local community perceptions of the importance of the World Heritage Site (WHS) classification of the historic center of the Portuguese city of E ́vora. The research also includes an analysis of the local residents’ perceived tourism impacts on the municipality of E ́ vora. The methodology consists of quan- titative research based on a self-administered survey applied to convenience sam- ples of local residents of the municipality of E ́ vora in the beginning of 2014. The local residents’ perceptions of the level of importance of the WHS classification to the municipality and its impact in the increase of tourists is analyzed. Positive and negative tourism impacts are then ranked and a principal components factor analysis is employed separately to the two groups of impacts in order to identify underlying dimensions associated with residents’ perceptions on tourism develop- ment. Based on the results of the factor analysis, independent sample t-tests are used to investigate differences regarding positive and negative tourism impacts between residents that live near and far from the historic center, and between residents who work/have worked in the tourism sector and residents that work/ have worked in other sectors.

The Mormon Trail: Historic Byway Inventory and Evaluation, 1998

A three-step approach was used to do the study of the Mormon Trail. These involved research, field data collection and evaluation of the project corridors. Step one involved research on the location of the Trail, associated sites and the historic land use near the Trail between 1846 and 1868. The next step involved defining roads to be inventoried and the actual field survey. Step three involved evaluation of the inventoried corridors. This evaluation procedure was based on the methodology currently used by Iowa DOT to evaluate candidate scenic byway routes but involved different evaluation factors. The numeric results of the two analyses can be directly compared. The results of the field survey and evaluation are shown in detail by county. Inventory and evaluation procedures for historic and cultural byways are discussed in Appendix A.

Historic Building Information Modelling: il caso della Rocca di San Felice sul Panaro

Il Building Information Modelling nasce da un processo di integrazione sostenibile, basato sull'interoperabilità dei processi. La caratteristica vincente è la circolarietà delle informazioni: ogni informazione è gestita come parametro di un ricco e complesso modello parametrico dell'edificio; la geometria, i materiali, i costi ed i tempi sono gestiti come parametri internamente collegati e quindi variabili di uno stesso sistema. Nel caso di beni storici, la maggior parte degli edifici possiede vincoli intrinseci che influenzano tali parametri. I materiali non possono essere scelti liberamente, in quanto parte di un organismo esistente, la geometria dell'edificio è definita e difficilmente sarà variata negli interventi di recupero. Nella presente tesi si applica il metodo CLOUD2FEM al mondo dell'Historic Building Information Modelling (HBIM) concentrandosi sullo studio della Rocca Estense di San Felice sul Panaro, colpita dal sisma dell'Emilia e attualmente inagibile. La procedura CLOUD2FEM permette di trasformare le informazioni ricavate dal laser scanner in mesh chiuse e regolari, generando in modo semi-automatico un modello FEM 3D. Nel caso di costruzioni complesse, la cui geometria non può essere ricondotta a modelli semplificati, è necessario valutare l'attendibilità del modello strutturale. Nel caso in esame, la validazione è stata condotta mediante il confronto del danno rilevato con il danno simulato. La flessibilità del modello permette di aggiungere dettagli inizialmente non rilevati: ogni informazione è inserita nel modello attraverso un parametro differente, al fine di eseguire analisi sullo stato di fatto e su futuri stati di progetto con semplice aggiornamento dei parametri.

Business Signage Control in Seattle's Chinatown International District, Pursuing Healthy Balance of Preservation and Commercial Vitalization in a Historic Commercial Districts

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Evaluating historic graffiti based on cultural significance and definitions of art.

Many examples of historic graffiti have been shown to be worthy of attention and conservation. The examples discussed in this article have been selected for their previous academic study, enabling rational assessment. This work does not suggest that only those examples of historic graffiti that have been subject to academic investigation can be evaluated and classified. This article, the result of a collaboration between two individuals with complementary interests in building conservation and contextual studies in art and design, brings together formal techniques used in the assessment of cultural significance in traditional architectural conservation and established theories in the evaluation of art. It is the purpose of this work to help those who are attempting to evaluate the merit of graffiti to do so. The current Scottish system that assesses cultural significance may be incomplete in its evaluation of graffiti. This necessitates a supplementary investigation of the artistic characteristics and merit of graffiti. Almost all graffiti could be said to be 'art', using established definitions, but not 'good' art. This evaluation may only be undertaken by experts, as with other aspects of identification of cultural significance within the built environment.

The Historic Maryland Newspapers Project

This poster addresses frequently asked questions regarding the Historic Maryland Newspapers Project, such as "What is the National Digital Newspaper Program?" and "How are titles selected for digitization?" It also provides information about the project's funding from the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH), newspaper titles digitized by the project to date, and the future of the project. This poster was presented at the UMD Libraries Research & Innovative Practice Forum, McKeldin Library, June 8, 2016.

Ledroit Park, A Portrait In Black And White: A Study Of Historic Districts, Social Change, And The Process Of Neighborhood Placemaking

This research examines the process of placemaking in LeDroit Park, a residential Washington, DC, neighborhood with a historic district at its core. Unpacking the entwined physical and social evolution of the small community within the context of the Nation’s Capital, this analysis provides insight into the role of urban design and development as well as historic designation on shaping collective identity. Initially planned and designed in 1873 as a gated suburb just beyond the formal L’Enfant-designed city boundary, LeDroit Park was intended as a retreat for middle and upper-class European Americans from the growing density and social diversity of the city. With a mixture of large romantic revival mansions and smaller frame cottages set on grassy plots evocative of an idealized rural village, the physical design was intentionally inwardly-focused. This feeling of refuge was underscored with a physical fence that surrounded the development, intended to prevent African Americans from nearby Howard University and the surrounding neighborhood, from using the community’s private streets to access the City of Washington. Within two decades of its founding, LeDroit Park was incorporated into the District of Columbia, the surrounding fence was demolished, and the neighborhood was racially integrated. Due to increasingly stringent segregation laws and customs in the city, this period of integration lasted less than twenty years, and LeDroit Park developed into an elite African American enclave, using the urban design as a bulwark against the indignities of a segregated city. Throughout the 20th century housing infill and construction increased density, yet the neighborhood never lost the feeling of security derived from the neighborhood plan. Highlighting the architecture and street design, neighbors successfully received historic district designation in 1974 in order to halt campus expansion. After a stalemate that lasted two decades, the neighborhood began another period of transformation, both racial and socio-economic, catalyzed by a multi-pronged investment program led by Howard University. Through interviews with long-term and new community members, this investigation asserts that the 140-year development history, including recent physical interventions, is integral to placemaking, shaping the material character as well as the social identity of residents.

Nineteenth century narratives reveal historic catch rates for Australian snapper (Pagrus auratus)

Snapper (Pagrus auratus) is widely distributed throughout subtropical and temperate southern oceans and forms a significant recreational and commercial fishery in Queensland, Australia. Using data from government reports, media sources, popular publications and a government fisheries survey carried out in 1910, we compiled information on individual snapper fishing trips that took place prior to the commencement of fisherywide organized data collection, from 1871 to 1939. In addition to extracting all available quantitative data, we translated qualitative information into bounded estimates and used multiple imputation to handle missing values, forming 287 records for which catch rate (snapper fisher−1 h−1) could be derived. Uncertainty was handled through a parametric maximum likelihood framework (a transformed trivariate Gaussian), which facilitated statistical comparisons between data sources. No statistically significant differences in catch rates were found among media sources and the government fisheries survey. Catch rates remained stable throughout the time series, averaging 3.75 snapper fisher−1 h−1 (95% confidence interval, 3.42–4.09) as the fishery expanded into new grounds. In comparison, a contemporary (1993–2002) south-east Queensland charter fishery produced an average catch rate of 0.4 snapper fisher−1 h−1 (95% confidence interval, 0.31–0.58). These data illustrate the productivity of a fishery during its earliest years of development and represent the earliest catch rate data globally for this species. By adopting a formalized approach to address issues common to many historical records – missing data, a lack of quantitative information and reporting bias – our analysis demonstrates the potential for historical narratives to contribute to contemporary fisheries management.