801 resultados para exclusion criteria


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The present thesis deals with some studies in molecular dynamics using spectroscopic data. Two new approximation procedures the variable method and the average bonding energy criterion have been developed for a reliable calculation of molecular force fields and applied to several molecular species belonging to the xy2 type.

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The major problem of the engineering entrance examination is the exclusion of certain sections of the society in social, economic, regional and gender dimensions. This has seldom been taken for analysis towards policy correction. To lessen this problem a minor policy shift was prepared in the year 2011 with a 50–50 proportion in academic marks and entrance marks. The impact of this change is yet to be scrutinized. The data for the study is obtained from the Nodal Centre of Kerala functioning at Cochin University of Science and Technology under the National Technical Manpower Information System and also estimated from the Centralized Allotment Process. The article focuses on two aspects of exclusion based on engineering entrance examination; gender centred as well as caste-linked. Rank order spectral density and Lorenz ratio are used to cognize the exclusion and inequality in community and gender levels in various performance scales. The article unfolds the fact that social status in society coupled with economic affordability to quality education seems to have significant influence in the performance of students in the Kerala engineering entrance examinations. But it also shows that there is wide gender disparity with respect to performance in the high ranking levels irrespective of social groups

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The first part of the study has focused on the trends in area, production and productivity comparing the state’s performance with of national level performance. Also an attempt was made to understand the trends in commodity price over the years especially in the post liberalization period from the early 1990s. Plantation commodities occupy an important share in the country’s export basket and thereby earning foreign exchange to the national exchequer. Taking into consideration the competitive dimension of natural rubber, cardamom and pepper in the export market was analyzed to see penetration of these commodities in the world market.The second part of the study has tried to understand the plantation workers livelihood by understand the employment generation in the sector. Livelihood assets of plantation workers were analyzed to understand the nature of ownership of various assets. Understanding the poor quality and ownership of various livelihood assets and their relative deprivation the study also tried to understand the income-expenditure patterns and the nature of indebtedness among workers and the factors responsible for deprivation and thereby social exclusion.Area, Production and productivity trends of rubber, pepper and cardamom show a mixed picture. Area, Production trends are impacted greatly by the commodity price of the plantation crops.High correlation exists between commodity price and area and production trends of plantation crops in the state.In terms of Natural Rubber, Kerala experienced a steady growth over the years in terms of area production and productivity as the price of rubber has increasedIn terms of black pepper, the state witnessed a deceleration in growth.In the case of cardamom the area of cultivation declined whereas production increasedProductivity of natural rubber, pepper and cardamom has increased substantially over the yearsEmployment pattern in rubber and spices sub-sector has been analyzed by looking in to the commodity prices so as to see the changes in employment pattern over the years. The study has helped to understand that commodity price and employment generation in plantations are interconnected to such an extent that a fall in the commodity price have greater reverberations on the employment pattern in plantations.Livelihood analysis both in the small and large holdings show that workers belonging to rubber (large and small rubber) plantations have shown better possession of livelihood assets when compared to spices plantation workers as 16.2 percent of the spices sub-sector workers claimed about ownership of house which is considered to be an important and primary livelihood asset.In the case of natural assets like accessibility, availability and duration of water for drinking and other household purposes, the situation of workers in spices plantation still remain poor as around 80 percent of workers depending on public well public taps and canals as source of drinking water.Evaluating financial assets also give clear indication that the road to secure financial assets still remains a distant dream for the workers in plantation sectorEvaluating income and expenditure trends pinpoints to the fact that disparity in terms of income exist among the plantation workersWhile observing the employment though wage levels have improved because of improvement in commodity price of plantation crops, significant improvements are not visible in their livelihood and they remain excluded compared to other sections of the society.

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The capability for collaboration is a key success factor for networked enterprises. The paper introduces a methodology supporting the application of Enterprise Modelling in order to improve the maturity for collaboration. The methodology considers the current status of maturity for interoperability for deducing the right modelling approach. The approach is combined with quality criteria of the models in order to guide the modelling process. Both the deducing approach and the quality criteria are related to the levels of interoperability proposed by the ATHENA Interoperability Framework.

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Adoption of hybrids and improved varieties has remained low in the smallholder farming sector of South Africa, despite maize being the staple food crop for the majority of households. The objective of this study was to establish preferred maize characteristics by farmers which can be used as selection criteria by maize breeders in crop improvement. Data were collected from three villages of a selected smallholder farming area in South Africa using a survey covering 300 households and participatory rural appraisal methodology. Results indicated a limited selection of maize varieties grown by farmers in the area compared to other communities in Africa. More than 97% of the farmers grew a local landrace called Natal-8-row or IsiZulu. Hybrids and improved open pollinated varieties were planted by less than 40% of the farmers. The Natal-8-row landrace had characteristics similar to landraces from eastern and southern Africa and closely resembled Hickory King, a landrace still popular in Southern Africa. The local landrace was preferred for its taste, recycled seed, tolerance to abiotic stresses and yield stability. Preferred characteristics of maize varieties were high yield and prolificacy, disease resistance, early maturity, white grain colour, and drying and shelling qualities. Farmers were willing to grow hybrids if the cost of seed and other inputs were affordable and their preferences were considered. Our results show that breeding opportunities exist for improving the farmers’ local varieties and maize breeders can take advantage of these preferred traits and incorporate them into existing high yielding varieties.

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In several computer graphics areas, a refinement criterion is often needed to decide whether to go on or to stop sampling a signal. When the sampled values are homogeneous enough, we assume that they represent the signal fairly well and we do not need further refinement, otherwise more samples are required, possibly with adaptive subdivision of the domain. For this purpose, a criterion which is very sensitive to variability is necessary. In this paper, we present a family of discrimination measures, the f-divergences, meeting this requirement. These convex functions have been well studied and successfully applied to image processing and several areas of engineering. Two applications to global illumination are shown: oracles for hierarchical radiosity and criteria for adaptive refinement in ray-tracing. We obtain significantly better results than with classic criteria, showing that f-divergences are worth further investigation in computer graphics. Also a discrimination measure based on entropy of the samples for refinement in ray-tracing is introduced. The recursive decomposition of entropy provides us with a natural method to deal with the adaptive subdivision of the sampling region

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This the coursework specification as a single file including assessment criteria which also appear on the ECS handin page. The collection of associated handouts and links along with the coursework specification can be found at http://www.edshare.soton.ac.uk/6041/

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Introducción: actualmente la anemia y la obesidad durante el embarazo se consideran factores de riesgo modificables para hemorragia postparto. Estos pueden ser evitados desde el control prenatal y su manejo preconcepcional contribuye de una forma importante en la reducción de la morbimortalidad materno y perinatal. Metodología: se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura con componente meta-analítico según la evidencia disponible hasta la fecha. Los términos mesH incluyeron postpartum hemorrhage, severe anemia, overweight, obesity entre otros. Todos los artículos fueron clasificados por su evidencia antes de calcular el componente meta-analítico. Resultados: se encontraron un total de 321 artículos relacionados con anemia, y 276 para obesidad, de los cuales 8 y 14 respectivamente cumplieron criterios para su selección. La mayoría de artículos fueron clasificados como evidencia IV para anemia y II-III para obesidad. Las causas más frecuentes de exclusión fueron el título y el tipo de estudio. Tanto la anemia como la obesidad (clasificada por IMC) muestran OR conjuntos no estadísticamente significativo y con intervalos de confianza amplios, aunque la tendencia de riesgo conjunto es a mayor peso, mayor riesgo de hemorragia. Discusión: los resultados de la revisión sistemática permiten mostrar tanto a la anemia como la obesidad como factores que muestran una tendencia al riesgo para hemorragia postparto, sin resultados estadísticamente significativos. Faltan más estudios sobre el tema en el país.MetodologíaSe realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura con componente meta-analítico según la evidencia disponible hasta la fecha. Los términos mesH incluyeron postpartum hemorrhage, severe anemia, overweight, obesity entre otros. Todos los artículos fueron clasificados por su evidencia antes de calcular el componente meta-analítico. ResultadosSe encontraron un total de 321 artículos relacionados con anemia, y 276 para obesidad, de los cuales 8 y 14 respectivamente cumplieron criterios para su selección. La mayoría de artículos fueron clasificados como evidencia IV para anemia y II-III para obesidad. Las causas más frecuentes de exclusión fueron el título y el tipo de estudio. Tanto la anemia como la obesidad (clasificada por IMC) muestran OR conjuntos no estadísticamente significativo y con intervalos de confianza amplios, aunque la tendencia de riesgo conjunto es a mayor peso, mayor riesgo de hemorragia. DiscusiónLos resultados de la revisión sistemática permiten mostrar tanto a la anemia como la obesidad como factores que muestran una tendencia al riesgo para hemorragia postparto, sin resultados estadísticamente significativos. Faltan más estudios sobre el tema en el país.

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Introducción. Con la creación de la vacuna contra el virus de papiloma humano en los años ochentas, se ha promovido su aplicación de manera sistemática para evitar el cáncer cervical, que es la segunda causa de mortalidad por cáncer en mujeres en edad fértil. Actualmente se desconoce el impacto de los resultados de su aplicación. Se pretendió evaluar la mejor evidencia relacionada con los resultados de la vacuna contra VPH en mujeres en edad fértil. Metodología Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura incluyendo los artículos con mejor evidencia en los últimos cinco años. Los términos mesH incluyeron HPV vaccine, women, efficacy entre otros. Todos los artículos fueron clasificados por evidencia antes de ser analizados. Resultados Se encontraron un total de 557 artículos relacionados con el tema de los cuales 21 cumplieron criterios para su selección. La mayoría de artículos fueron clasificados como evidencia II. Las causas más frecuentes de exclusión fueron por tema no acorde y título. Discusión Los resultados de la revisión sistemática permiten definir que la eficacia de la vacuna contra VPH, tanto y la vacuna bivalente como y la cuadrivalente supera el 97% cuando se completan tres dosis. No hay reportes de eventos adversos graves, la edad de aplicación ideal es entre 9-14 años de edad.

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This paper analyzes the document on primary health care (PHC) published by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2008, held to mark the thirtieth anniversary of the Declaration of Alma-Ata on PHC (1). Objective: to investigate in depth the assumptions outlined in the report, in order to problematize the notion of APS and universal access to health that are made in this proposal. Methodology: using documentary analysis examines the health proposal prepared by the international body and subjected to criticism from the following areas: a) conception of health as aright or as a service. b) Criteria commodified healthcare. Results: emphasize the permanence of a neoliberal perspective on the proposals WHO health reform in this document, which needs to be discussed in contexts where neoliberalism was intense processes of inequality and exclusion, as in the case of Latin America.

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The study of the growth of large cities, in the urban periphery or the peri-urban areas specifically, it relates to environmental degradation due to urbanization, if it is estimated that since 2008 more than half of the world population living in urban areas, this sector is affected as it presents overcrowding, segregation and deterioration of physical conditions, which will impact on the social aspects within localities. This great urban growth has usually developed with the lack of environmental planning.So it is necessary to include urban development, guidelines towards environmental conservation and rehabilitation of the territory. The future of cities will depend largely on the actions taken now. As urban development inevitably requires planning urban settlements through sustainable development so as to provide alternative technologies, based on the reality of Latin American countries.In the peripheral area of the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara, is taken as a case study of the town of La Venta del Astillero, which by its nature allows access and functionality to develop a set of criteria and indicators to urban sustainability, which can take as a model for other communities in the urban periphery.

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Introducción: La Calidad de vida en el trabajo tiene componentes objetivos y subjetivos, es la manera como se vive la cotidianidad en el ambiente laboral. Involucra condiciones de trabajo, relaciones sociales, percepciones de satisfacción o insatisfacción derivadas de la conjunción de factores en el sentido de sentirse realizado con sus propias expectativas y proyectos (1). La calidad de vida laboral puede estar directamente relacionada con las condiciones de trabajo en las que se desempeñan los trabajadores. El personal de la salud representa entre el 6 al 7% de la población económicamente activa en la Región de las Américas (2), el abordaje de su problemática debe hacerse desde la protección social en salud,enfocando acciones conducentes al mejoramiento integral de las condiciones de vida de la sociedad en general, a través de la Gestión del Recurso Humano. Métodos: Estudio transversal en 102 trabajadores que cumplen con criterios de inclusión y exclusión, sobre percepción de calidad de vida laboral y condiciones de salud y trabajo, en dos instituciones prestadoras de Servicios de salud públicas de baja complejidad de los Municipios de Samacá y Ramiriquí en Boyacá en el 2014. Resultados: Del total de los trabajadores encuestados el 64,7 % son asistenciales, el 80,4 son mujeres, el 60 % tienen contrato indirecto. 71 % devenga un salario entre 1 y 2 SMMLV. El 74 % de los trabajadores administrativos laboran ocho (8) horas diarias mañana y tarde, 44 % de los asistenciales laboran ocho (8) horas diarias mañana y tarde y 41 % cumplen jornadas de doce (12) horas diarias inclusive en la noche, en relación a seguridad e higiene hay exposiciones al ruido y a secreciones y desechos de personas o animales. El principal factor de riesgo ergonómico son los movimientos repetidos en administrativos (74,3%) y Asistenciales (76,9 %). El 93,1 % de los trabajadores perciben su salud entre excelente y buena. En cuanto a la Calidad de Vida Laboral sólo el 15% de los trabajadores expresan insatisfacción por la forma de contratación, 56% están entre satisfechos y medianamente satisfechos con el salario recibido, la satisfacción con la oportunidad de aplicar la creatividad e iniciativa en el trabajo es del 90 %, el 33 % de los trabajadores están satisfechos con la capacitación brindada por la institución y sólo el 27 % expresan siempre el respeto a los derechos laborales; Un bajo porcentaje(28 %) de los trabajadores expresan que reciben siempre de parte de usuarios o clientes muestras de reconocimiento por las actividades que realizan; la tenencia de la vivienda se ha dado por el empleo, sin embargo el porcentaje de motivación laboral más alto se da en los asistenciales (81,8 %) que en los administrativos (75,8%). Se encontró escasa asociación estadística entre las variables de Calidad de Vida y las variables de Condiciones de Trabajo y salud Discusión: En esta población la percepción de los trabajadores no refleja una insatisfacción marcada, es entonces ¿el grado de satisfacción de las necesidades humanas un indicador de la mejor o peor calidad de vida laboral? o simplemente la calidad de vida laboral depende del cubrimiento de las expectativas individuales. Este estudio es coincidente con otros en que la proporción mayoritaria de quienes trabajan en salud son mujeres, se deben focalizar acciones desde la perspectiva de género en el sector salud que hagan parte de políticas públicas y de reformas a la salud apuntando a la reducción del impacto de la carga del trabajo en la salud.