Halogenated aliphatic and aromatic aerobic biodegradation via direct metabolism and cometabolism: batch and continuous tests

In this thesis the application of biotechnological processes based on microbial metabolic degradation of halogenated compound has been investigated. Several studies showed that most of these pollutants can be biodegraded by single bacterial strains or mixed microbial population via aerobic direct metabolism or cometabolism using as a growth substrates aromatic or aliphatic hydrocarbons. The enhancement of two specific processes has been here object of study in relation with its own respective scenario described as follow: 1st) the bioremediation via aerobic cometabolism of soil contaminated by a high chlorinated compound using a mixed microbial population and the selection and isolation of consortium specific for the compound. 2nd) the implementation of a treatment technology based on direct metabolism of two pure strains at the exact point source of emission, preventing dilution and contamination of large volumes of waste fluids polluted by several halogenated compound minimizing the environmental impact. In order to verify the effect of these two new biotechnological application to remove halogenated compound and purpose them as a more efficient alternative continuous and batch tests have been set up in the experimental part of this thesis. Results obtained from the continuous tests in the second scenario have been supported by microbial analysis via Fluorescence in situ Hybridisation (FISH) and by a mathematical model of the system. The results showed that both process in its own respective scenario offer an effective solutions for the biological treatment of chlorinate compound pollution.

Validazione dell'accuratezza di diagnostica di una rete neurale artificiale nella predizione della fibrosi epatica da epatite HCV stadiata con biopsia epatica ecoguidata

Nelle epatopatie croniche l’estensione della fibrosi è il principale determinante della prognosi. Sebbene la biopsia epatica rimanga il gold standard ai fini di una stadiazione, il crescente interesse nei confronti di metodi diagnostici non invasivi di fibrosi ha portato allo sviluppo di diversi modelli predittivi basati su parametri clinicolaboratoristici quali Fibrotest, indice APRI, indice Forns. Gli scopi dello studio sono: di stabilire l’accuratezza di un’analisi con rete neurale artificiale (ANN), tecnica di cui è stata dimostrata l’efficacia predittiva in situazioni biologiche complesse nell’identificare lo stadio di fibrosi, di confrontarne i risultati con quelli ottenuti dal calcolo degli indici APRI e Forns sullo stesso gruppo di pazienti e infine di validarne l’efficacia diagnostica in gruppi esterni.