beta-caroteno, ácido ascórbico e antocianinas totais em polpa de frutos de aceroleira conservada por congelamento durante 12 meses

Objetivou-se avaliar as alterações de b-caroteno, ácido ascórbico e antocianinas totais na polpa de frutos de clones de aceroleira conservada por congelamento. Os frutos dos clones BRS 152 (Sertaneja) BRS 235 (Apodi), BRS 236 (Cereja), BRS 237 (Roxinha), BRS 238 (Frutacor) e II 47/1 foram colhidos no estádio de maturação comercial (vermelho maduro) em Limoeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brasil, transportados para a Planta Piloto de Processamento de Frutos da Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, despolpados, acondicionada a polpa em sacos de polietileno (100 g), congelada, mantida em freezer a -20 °C, e avaliada a cada 30 dias durante 12 meses. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 6 x 13 (clones x tempo), com 3 repetições. A concentração de beta-caroteno foi estável no clone Cereja, enquanto, nos demais, houve decréscimo durante todo o período do experimento. Houve pequeno decréscimo no teor de ácido ascórbico em todos os clones estudados durante o armazenamento, provavelmente devido à alta acidez da polpa, que auxilia na manutenção deste nutriente. O teor de antocianinas totais foi estável nos clones Frutacor e Sertaneja, enquanto nos demais houve diminuição. O clone II 47/1 foi dentre os estudados o que apresentou maiores teores de ácido ascórbico e antocianinas totais, mantendo estas características durante todo o armazenamento. De um modo geral, os clones em que se determinou menor teor de beta-caroteno foram observadas as mais elevadas concentrações de antocianinas totais.

Influência da temperatura na solubilidade de beta-caroteno em solventes orgânicos à pressão ambiente

O presente trabalho reporta dados experimentais de solubilidade em pressão ambiente de beta-caroteno em solventes orgânicos puros (etanol, acetona, acetato de etila e diclorometano) e em misturas de tais solventes no intervalo de temperatura de 10 a 60 °C. Para este fim, adotou-se o método gravimétrico para a determinação da solubilidade, utilizando células encamisadas de equilíbrio. Os resultados mostraram que valores mais elevados de solubilidade são obtidos quando foram empregados solventes com parâmetros de solubilidade mais próximos daquele do soluto. Verificou-se que o aumento da temperatura, tanto para solventes puros, como para as misturas de solventes, acarretou num aumento da solubilidade do beta-caroteno para todas as condições experimentais. Observou-se ainda, que nas condições experimentais investigadas, não houve sinergismo significativo para as misturas de solventes quando comparadas aos valores de solubilidade obtidos para os solventes puros. O modelo UNIFAC se mostrou útil na previsão qualitativa dos resultados de solubilidade.

Stability and predictive ability of beta

The purpose of this paper is to examine the stability and predictive abilities of the beta coefficients of individual equities in the Finnish stock market. As beta is widely used in several areas of finance, including risk management, asset pricing and performance evaluation among others, it is important to understand its characteristics and find out whether its estimates can be trusted and utilized.

Testes sensoriais de aceitação da beterraba vermelha (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris L.), cv. Early Wonder, minimamente processada e irradiada

A beterraba vermelha (variedade hortícola, cultivar Early Wonder) foi cultivada na área experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia do Instituto de Agronomia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Após a colheita, as raízes foram minimamente processadas, embaladas e submetidas a diferentes doses de radiação gama (0; 0,5; 1,0; e 1,5 kGy), sendo em seguida armazenadas, por 20 dias, a 8 ºC. Durante o período de armazenamento, aos: 1, 9, 13 e 20 dias, foram realizados testes sensoriais, nos quais 12 avaliadores julgaram a aparência e o aroma segundo uma escala hedônica. Os resultados indicaram que as amostras irradiadas com doses de 1,0 e 1,5 kGy mantiveram-se dentro dos padrões de aceitabilidade por 20 dias. Alem disso, foi também observado que a avaliação do aroma permitiu uma melhor discriminação, dos efeitos das diferentes doses de radiação sobre a aceitação do produto.

Effect of processing on antioxidant potential and total phenolics content in beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

The antioxidant capacity of beet is associated with non-nutritive constituents, such as phenolic compounds. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of two different heat-processing techniques (drying and canned) on the antioxidant potential (ABTS) and phenolics content of beets. A forced air circulation dehydrator was used for the drying. Drying at high temperatures (100 + 90 °C/5.6 hours; 90 °C/6 hours) increased the antioxidant potential of the processed products while mild drying conditions decreased it (80 °C/6 hours; 100 + 70 °C/6 hours) or had no effect on it (70 °C/7 hours; 100 + 80 °C/6 hours). For the canned products, the antioxidant potential did not differ according to the pH (4.2 to 3.8) for any of the four acids tested. Some processing methods influenced the antioxidant potential of the processed products, and this was also dependent on changes in the total phenolics content.

In-house method validation and occurrence of alpha-, beta-endosulfan, endosulfan sulphate, lambda-cyhalothrin, procymidone and trifluralin residues in strawberry

A method for determination of organohalogen pesticides in strawberry by gas chromatography with electron capture detection was validated and applied in a monitoring program. Linearity, matrix effects, and day effect were evaluated for the analytes alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan, endosulfan sulphate, lambda-cyhalothrin, procymidone, and trifluralin. The linear range varied according to the chromatographic response of the analyte. Significant matrix effects were observed. The mean recoveries ranged from 74.6 to 115.4%, with repeatability standard deviations between 1.6 and 21.0% and intermediate precision between 5.9 and 21.0%. Detection, quantification and decision limit, and detection capacity ranged from 0.003 to 0.007 mg/kg, 0.005 to 0.013 mg/kg; 0.003 to 3.128 mg/kg; and 0.005 to 3.266 mg/kg, respectively. The method was fit for the purpose of monitoring organohalogen residues in strawberries. Residues of these pesticides were detected in 124 of the 186 samples analyzed between 2009 and 2011 in the state of Minas Gerais. Nine of them did not comply with the current legislation requirements; among them, seven (3.8%) had residues of unauthorized pesticide for the culture of strawberry, one (0.5%) had residues above the maximum residue limit, and another one (0.5%) exhibited both non-conformities.

Evaluation of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) leaves during its developmental stages: a chemical composition study

Beetroot leaves (Beta vulgaris L.) are commonly cut off and discarded before using its bulb due to lack of knowledge of how to use them. Aiming at using these leaves, in the present study, in natura and dehydrated beetroot leaves were chemically characterized in terms of fatty acid composition, proximate composition, minerals, total phenolic compounds (TPC), and antioxidant activity by DPPH• in different stages (60, 80, and 100 days) of development. The beetroot leaves showed significant levels of protein and lipids in all developmental stages, and all proximate composition nutrients decreased during these maturation stages; the highest content was observed at 60 days. The Fe content decreased during the developmental stages (from 342.75 to 246.30 mg.kg-1), while the content of K increased (from 13,367.64 to 20,784.90 mg.kg-1). With regard to to fatty acid composition, linolenic acid was present in the greatest quantity, and it increase up to 2.58 mg.g-1 (in natura) and 40.11 mg.g-1 (dehydrated) at 100 days of development. The n-6/n-3 ratios were low in all stages. The TPC and antioxidant activity by DPPH• changed during the developmental stages. The TPC was highest in the 100-day dehydrated leaves (15.27±0.12 mg GAE.g-1 FW), and the 50% inhibition of DPPH• (IC50 89.52 µg.mL-1) were better in the 60-day in natura leaves. This study shows that all developmental stages produced satisfactory results, and therefore, these leaves can be reused as food. The antioxidant activity and the chemical constituents, mainly the ω-3fatty acid, increased during the stages of development.

Qualidade fisiológica de sementes de beterraba (Beta vulgaris L.) sob condicionamento osmótico e tratamentos fungicidas

O condicionamento osmótico e o tratamento de sementes com fungicidas têm apresentado bons resultados na melhoria do vigor e proteção das plântulas contra patógenos associados às sementes e de solo, garantindo assim bom estabelecimento do estande. Objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar o efeito do condicionamento osmótico e do tratamento com fungicidas sobre a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de beterraba (Beta vulgaris L.). As sementes foram condicionadas em água, KNO³ (0,34 M) e PEG 6000 (-0,8 MPa). Os tratamentos com fungicidas foram: testemunha (sementes tratadas pela empresa produtora de sementes com Thiran a 0,15%), metalaxil (0,004%), procimidone (0,1%) e metalaxil + procimidone (0,004 + 0,1%). Avaliaram-se as seguintes características: primeira contagem, contagem no oitavo dia e final pelo teste de germinação; emergência, velocidade de emergência e índice de velocidade de emergência em substrato comercial e em solo. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, esquema fatorial (condicionamento x tratamento com fungicidas), com quatro repetições, realizando-se a comparação de médias pelo teste Duncan a 5% de probabilidade. O condicionamento das sementes em água por 16h, associado com o tratamento com o fungicida Metalaxil (0,004%), proporciona melhores resultados no teste de germinação e no estabelecimento de plântulas em solo.

Alternative splicing of DNA polymerase beta in vertebrates

Alternative splicing (AS) is the predominant mechanism responsible for increasing eukaryotic transcriptome and proteome complexity. In this phenomenon, numerous mRNA transcripts are produced from a single pre-mRNA sequence. AS is reported to occur in 95% of human multi-exon genes; one specific gene that undergoes AS is DNA polymerase beta (POLB). POLB is the main DNA repair gene which performs short patch base excision repair (BER). In primate untransformed primary fibroblast cell lines, it was determined that the splice variant (SV) frequency of POLB correlates positively with species lifespan. To date, AS patterns of POLB have only been examined in mammals primarily through the use of cell lines. However, little attention has been devoted to investigating if such a relationship exists in non-mammals and whether cell lines reflect what is observed in vertebrate tissues. This idea was explored through cloning and characterization of 1,214 POLB transcripts from four non-mammalian species (Gallus gallus domesticus, Larus glaucescens, Xenopus laevis, and Pogona vitticeps) and two mammalian species (Sylvilagus floridanus and Homo sapiens) in two tissue types, liver and brain. POLB SV frequency occurred at low frequencies, < 3.2%, in non-mammalian tissues relative to mammalian (>20%). The highest POLB SV frequency was found in H. sapiens liver and brain tissues, occurring at 65.4% and 91.7%, respectively. Tissue specific AS of POLB was observed in L. glaucescens, P. vitticeps, and H. sapiens, but not G. gallus domesticus, X. laevis and S. floridanus.The AS patterns of a second gene, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), were compared to those of POLB in liver and brain tissues of G. gallus domesticus, X. laevis and H. sapiens. This comparison was performed to investigate if any changes (either increase or decrease) observed in the AS of POLB were gene specific or if they were tissue specific, in which case similar changes in AS would be seen in POLB and TRPV1. Analysis did not reveal an increase or decrease in both the AS of POLB and TRPV1 in either the liver or brain tissues of G. gallus domesticus and H. sapiens. This result suggested that the AS patterns of POLB were not influenced by tissue specific rates of AS. Interestingly, an increase in the AS of both genes was only observed in X. laevis brain tissue. This result suggests that AS in general may be increased in the X. laevis brain as compared to liver tissue. No positive correlation between POLB SV frequency and species lifespan was found in non-mammalian tissues. The AS patterns of POLB in human primary untransformed fibroblast cell lines were representative of those seen in human liver tissue but not in brain tissue. Altogether, the AS patterns of POLB from vertebrate tissues and primate cell lines revealed a positive correlation between POLB SV frequency and lifespan in mammals, but not in non-mammals. It appears that this positive correlation does not exist in vertebrate species as a whole.

Implementación de un método para detección de beta exotoxina en cepas de Bacillus thuringiensis

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias, Especialidad en Microbiología)U.A.N.L.

El papel del cobre en la agregación y citoxicidad del péptido beta amiloide.

Tesis (Maestría con Especialidad en Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Genética) UANL, 2012.

Estudio del efecto del péptido beta amiloide (A?) sobre la infección causada por el virus del herpes simplex tipo 1.

Tesis (Maestría en Ciencias con Orientación Terminal en Biología Molecular e Ingeniería Genética) UANL, 2012.

Formation and differentiation of multiple mesenchymal lineages during lung development is regulated by {beta}-catenin signaling.

BACKGROUND: The role of ss-catenin signaling in mesodermal lineage formation and differentiation has been elusive. METHODOLOGY: To define the role of ss-catenin signaling in these processes, we used a Dermo1(Twist2)(Cre/+) line to target a floxed beta-catenin allele, throughout the embryonic mesenchyme. Strikingly, the Dermo1(Cre/+); beta-catenin(f/-) conditional Knock Out embryos largely phenocopy Pitx1(-/-)/Pitx2(-/-) double knockout embryos, suggesting that ss-catenin signaling in the mesenchyme depends mostly on the PITX family of transcription factors. We have dissected this relationship further in the developing lungs and find that mesenchymal deletion of beta-catenin differentially affects two major mesenchymal lineages. The amplification but not differentiation of Fgf10-expressing parabronchial smooth muscle progenitor cells is drastically reduced. In the angioblast-endothelial lineage, however, only differentiation into mature endothelial cells is impaired. CONCLUSION: Taken together these findings reveal a hierarchy of gene activity involving ss-catenin and PITX, as important regulators of mesenchymal cell proliferation and differentiation.

Respuesta inflamatoria y de fase aguda en el absceso hepático amibiano mediante el estudio de leucotrienos B4, C4, E4 y D4 e interleucina1 beta, interleucina 6 y factor de necrosis tumoral alfa

Tesis (Doctorado en Ciencias con Especialidad en Química Biomédica) UANL

Síntesis y caracterización de beta-MoO3 obtenido vía química suave y evaluación de sus propiedades electroquímicas como electrodo de inserción

[Tesis] ( Doctor en Ciencias con Orientación en Ingeniería Cerámica ) U.A.N.L.