Éloge historique d'Eugène Belgrand : lu dans la séance publique du 1er mars 1880 / par J. Bertrand,... ; Institut de France

Collection : Institut ; 1880, 6

Vieillissement: éléments pour une politique de santé publique

[Table des matières] 1. Résumé. 2. Introduction. 3. Evolution démographique. 4. Evolution épidémiologique : infarctus du myocarde, insuffisance cardiaque, accident vasculaire cérébral, diabète, bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive, cancer en général, cancer pulmonaire, cancer colorectal, cancer du sein, cancer de la prostate, dépression, démence sénile de type Alzheimer et autres démences, syndrome parkinsonien et maladie de Parkinson, maladie rhumatismale, arthrose, lombalgie, ostéoporose et fractures, déficit et dépendance fonctionnels. 5. Réponses sanitaires. 6. Recommandations. 7. Lexique. 8. Index des tableaux. 9. Index des figures. 10-11. Annexes.

Tissue distribution of the Ankara strain of vaccinia virus (MVA) after mucosal or systemic administration.

MVA is a candidate vector for vaccination against pathogens and tumors. Little is known about its behaviour in mucosal tissues. We have investigated the fate and biosafety of MVA, when inoculated by different routes in C57BL/6 mice. Intranasal inoculation targeted the virus to the nasal associated lymphoid tissue and the lungs, whereas systemic inoculation led to distribution of MVA in almost all lymphoid organs, lungs and ovaries. Intravaginal, intrarectal and intragastric inoculations failed to induce efficient infection. After 48 h no virus was detectable any more in the organs analyzed. Upon intranasal inoculation, no inflammatory reactions were detected in the central nervous system as well as the upper and lower airways. These results show the tropism of MVA and indicate that high doses of recombinant MVA are safe when nasally administered, a vaccination route known to elicit strong cellular and humoral immune responses in the female genital tract.

Engineering Study for the Evaluation of Public Road Administration and Maintenance Alternatives, Executive Summary for HR-265, 1985

Iowa's public road system of 112,000 miles is one of the largest and the best in the nation. It represents a considerable financial investment of taxpayer revenues over the years. And, it requires a sustained investment to preserve an economical level of transport service into the future. In 1982, a Governor's Blue Ribbon Transportation Task Force evaluated the effectiveness of Iowa's entire transportation system. Four important Task Force recommendations dealt with public road administrative issues in Iowa. These issues were related to: 1. design criteria and levels of maintenance 2. consistency in the use of standards among jurisdictions 3. consolidation of maintenance operations at one jurisdictional level and 4. jurisdictional authority for roads. The issues formed the background for Research Project HR-265.

Topical and intravitreous administration of cationic nanoemulsions to deliver antisense oligonucleotides directed towards VEGF KDR receptors to the eye.

Antisense oligonucleotides (ODNs) specific for VEGFR-2-(17 MER) and inhibiting HUVEC proliferation in-vitro were screened. One efficient sequence was selected and incorporated in different types of nanoemulsions the potential toxicity of which was evaluated on HUVEC and ARPE19 cells. Our results showed that below 10 microl/ml, a 2.5% mid-chain triglycerides cationic DOTAP nanoemulsion was non-toxic on HUVEC and retinal cells. This formulation was therefore chosen for further experiments. In-vitro transfection of FITC ODNs in ARPE cells using DOTAP nanoemulsions showed that nanodroplets do penetrate into the cells. Furthermore, ODNs are released from the nanoemulsion after 48 h and accumulate into the cell nuclei. In both ex-vivo and in-vivo ODN stability experiments in rabbit vitreous, it was noted that the nanoemulsion protected at least partially the ODN from degradation over 72 h. The kinetic results of fluorescent ODN (Hex) distribution in DOTAP nanoemulsion following intravitreal injection in the rat showed that the nanoemulsion penetrates all retinal cells. Pharmacokinetic and ocular tissue distribution of radioactive ODN following intravitreal injection in rabbits showed that the DOTAP nanoemulsion apparently enhanced the intraretinal penetration of the ODNs up to the inner nuclear layer (INL) and might yield potential therapeutic levels of ODN in the retina over 72 h post injection.

Die Organisation von Rechtsdiensten in der Bundesverwaltung

Recht spielt auf allen Stufen der Verwaltungsführung und in allen Bereichen der Verwaltung eine zentrale Rolle. Dieser Bedeutung von Recht für die Verwaltungsführung muss mit der Schaffung geeigneter Strukturen begegnet werden, die es der Verwaltung ermöglichen, rechtliche Aspekte und Vorgaben jederzeit und umfassend zu berücksichtigen. Rechtsdiensten kommt dabei eine Scharnierfunktion zu. Im Zentrum der vorliegenden Studie stehen die Fragen, die sich im Rahmen der Organisationsgestaltung von Rechtsdiensten in der Bundesverwaltung stellen. Sie geht dabei von der Leitmaxime aus, wonach Rechtsdiensten eine Querschnittfunktion innerhalb von Verwaltungseinheiten zukommt, die sich in deren Organisation widerspiegeln muss. Aus der Tatsache, dass das Recht für die Verwaltungseinheit in all ihren Tätigkeitsbereichen von Bedeutung ist, ergibt sich die Notwendigkeit, rechtliche Aspekte bereits bei der Festlegung der Struktur einer Verwaltungseinheit sowie bei der Gestaltung der Prozesse zu berücksichtigen und auch tatsächlich in die Abläufe der Verwaltungseinheit zu integrieren. Le droit intervient à tous les niveaux de la gestion publique et dans tous les domaines de l'administration. Cette importance du droit pour la gestion publique doit se traduire par la mise en place de structures appropriées, qui permettent à l'administration de respecter les aspects et les exigences juridiques à tout moment et de manière globale. Les services juridiques jouent un rôle charnière à cet égard. La présente étude se consacre avant tout aux questions qui se posent en matière d'organisation des services juridiques à l'administration fédérale. Le fil conducteur de ce travail repose sur le principe selon lequel les questions juridiques occupent une fonction transversale, qui doit se refléter dans l'organisation des services juridiques. Le fait que le droit joue un rôle dans tous les domaines d'activité d'une unité administrative implique la nécessité d'en tenir compte lors de l'établissement de la structure de celle-ci et de la conception des processus, en l'intégrant effectivement dans les différents processus de ladite unité administrative.

Allergic reactions following contrast material administration: nomenclature, classification, and mechanisms

In forensic pathology routine, fatal cases of contrast agent exposure can be occasionally encountered. In such situations, beyond the difficulties inherent in establishing the cause of death due to nonspecific or absent autopsy and histology findings as well as limited laboratory investigations, pathologists may face other problems in formulating exhaustive, complete reports, and conclusions that are scientifically accurate. Indeed, terminology concerning adverse drug reactions and allergy nomenclature is confusing. Some terms, still utilized in forensic and radiological reports, are outdated and should be avoided. Additionally, not all forensic pathologists master contrast material classification and pathogenesis of contrast agent reactions. We present a review of the literature covering allergic reactions to contrast material exposure in order to update used terminology, explain the pathophysiology, and list currently available laboratory investigations for diagnosis in the forensic setting.