WAIS seminar: Application Performance Monitoring and Architecture Discovery with Kieker

Wednesday 23rd April 2014 Speaker(s): Willi Hasselbring Organiser: Leslie Carr Time: 23/04/2014 14:00-15:00 Location: B32/3077 File size: 802Mb Abstract The internal behavior of large-scale software systems cannot be determined on the basis of static (e.g., source code) analysis alone. Kieker provides complementary dynamic analysis capabilities, i.e., monitoring/profiling and analyzing a software system's runtime behavior. Application Performance Monitoring is concerned with continuously observing a software system's performance-specific runtime behavior, including analyses like assessing service level compliance or detecting and diagnosing performance problems. Architecture Discovery is concerned with extracting architectural information from an existing software system, including both structural and behavioral aspects like identifying architectural entities (e.g., components and classes) and their interactions (e.g., local or remote procedure calls). In addition to the Architecture Discovery of Java systems, Kieker supports Architecture Discovery for other platforms, including legacy systems, for instance, inplemented in C#, C++, Visual Basic 6, COBOL or Perl. Thanks to Kieker's extensible architecture it is easy to implement and use custom extensions and plugins. Kieker was designed for continuous monitoring in production systems inducing only a very low overhead, which has been evaluated in extensive benchmark experiments. Please, refer to http://kieker-monitoring.net/ for more information.

La inform??tica : herramienta de trabajo en la escuela

Proyecto de educaci??n desarrollado por seis profesores en el CP 'El Canario'. Los objetivos fueron: el an??lisis y unificaci??n de estrategias de ense??anza-aprendizaje utilizando el ordenador, dotar al profesorado de una herramienta para su trabajo individual, conocer los principales programas as?? como su finalidad, distinguir las partes de un PC, estudiar los sistemas operativos MS-Dos 5.0 y 6.0, crear un banco de aplicaciones para la escuela, establecer un lugar de intercambio de experiencias docentes y, proponer al CEP cursos interesantes para la escuela. La metodolog??a en el grupo consisti?? en dividir las sesiones en dos intervalos. Un primer intervalo dedicado a la mejora de la base de los profesores sobre un programa y un segundo intervalo dedicado a confeccionar aplicaciones para llevar al aula. Las actuaciones en el aula incluyeron: que el alumno conociese las partes y funcionamiento del ordenador, el sistema operativo MS-Dos y diferentes programas de aplicaci??n. La evaluaci??n contempl?? los siguientes aspectos del proceso: a) los aprendizajes conceptuales, procedimentales y actitudinales mediante fichas, observaciones, puestas en com??n, etc., b) el dise??o de la unidad, si la aplicaci??n, estrategias e instrumentos de evaluaci??n fueron los correctos c) desarrollo, si se cumplieron las previsiones y la participaci??n del profesorado y alumnado fueron correctas d) elecci??n de medios, si los medios y su forma de utilizaci??n fueron correctos. La valoraci??n de los resultados del grupo estable fue muy positiva pese a las l??gicas lagunas que se produjeron en ciertos temas dado que fue la primera vez que se emprendi?? un trabajo de este tipo.

��La tomograf��a de codo cambia la conducta tomada previamente con radiograf��a en fracturas de c��pula radial? un estudio de concordancia

Las fracturas de la c��pula radial corresponden a un tercio de todas las fracturas del codo en adultos (1), por lo que se toman radiograf��as o tomograf��as, sin embargo no existe literatura que soporte la realizaci��n de la tomograf��a como estudio complementario, por lo que preguntamos ��La tomograf��a de codo cambia la conducta tomada previamente con radiograf��a en fracturas de c��pula radial? Se propone un estudio de concordancia, donde se eval��an las radiograf��as y tomograf��as por parte de dos cirujanos de codo, de pacientes con diagn��stico de fractura de c��pula radial valorados en urgencias de dos hospitales de tercer nivel de Bogot�� desde enero 2011 a enero 2013. Se revisaron 116 historias, 99 cumplieron los criterios, las radiograf��as fueron revisadas por dos ortopedistas de codo quienes realizaron clasificaci��n de Mason obteniendo un �� 1 (p�� 0,00), propuesta de tratamiento postradiograf��a �� 0,934 (p�� 0,000 IC95% 0.85, 1). Tratamiento post-tomograf��a de codo �� 0.949 (p�� 0,00 IC95% 0.867,1). Concordancia intra-ortopedista de la conducta pre y post-tomograf��a hay cambio en la conducta del ortopedista 1 en 32.6% (�� 0.674 p�� 0,00 IC95% 0.52, 0.818) y del ortopedista 2 en 36% (�� 0.64 p�� 0,00 IC95% 0.452, 0.792). Se dividieron los pacientes en Mason I, II, III con concordancia considerable en los pacientes Mason I y III, mientras que en Mason II fue una concordancia aceptable lo que significa que el uso de tomograf��a de codo cambia la conducta en general pero sobretodo en pacientes clasificados Masson II.

www.reess : la rob��tica y el control del entorno por ordenador en la educaci��n secundaria obligatoria y postobligatoria, con soporte web.

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Igualdad de oportunidades respetando las diferencias : encuesta escolar.

Realizar una encuesta escolar sobre actitudes de solidaridad y xenofobia ante otros pueblos y culturas, comparando sus resultados con la encuesta escolar realizada en 1986 sobre esta misma tem��tica. Conocer las actitudes positivas y negativas de la mayor��a escolar, con quienes han de convivir los ni��os de las minor��as ��tnicas que acuden a los centros escolares en Espa��a. 5168 encuestados. La muestra es estratificada con selecci��n en base a cuotas de nivel escolar (EGB, BUP, COU, FP), sexo, edad, tipo de colegio (p��blico, privado religioso, privado seglar), tama��o de la poblaci��n, comunidades aut��nomas, y provincias. La metodolog��a es una combinaci��n de t��cnicas sociol��gicas y antropol��gicas cualitativas. Se utiliza como instrumento un cuestionario de 74 preguntas cerradas, posibilitando a los escolares hacer una redacci��n libre sobre la tem��tica expuesta. La encuesta es de ��mbito nacional, realizada en las 17 comunidades aut��nomas, en 41 provincias, en 70 puntos geogr��ficos, en 110 colegios, y en 120 aulas escolares. La forma de realizaci��n es de autocumplimiento. El nivel de confianza es del 95,5 con un margen de error de mas-menos 3 para datos globales. El tratamiento estad��stico se ha realizado en el centro de c��lculo y aplicaciones inform��ticas de Odec-Unitec de Madrid. Porcentajes, tablas. 1. Existe un preocupante auge de las actitudes xen��fobas y racistas en un sector del alumnado, habiendo crecido desde 1986 a 1993, como lo ponen de manifiesto estos datos: un 11,4 por ciento de escolares echar��a en 1986 a los gitanos de Espa��a, hoy (1993) es un 30,8 por ciento, y as�� sucesivamente con otros grupos (moros-��rabes, en 1986, un 11,1 por ciento y en 1993, un 26,1 por ciento; negros de ��frica, en 1986, un 4,2 por ciento y en 1993, un 14,1 por ciento; portugueses, en 1986, un 6,6 por ciento y en 1993, un 11,4 por ciento; latinoamericanos, en 1986, un 4,2 por ciento y en 1993, un 6,4 por ciento; franceses-ingleses, en 1986, un 6,0 por ciento y en 1993, un 3,8 por ciento). 2. Se han hecho militantes activos en defensa de los extranjeros algunos j��venes solidarios y tolerantes. 3. Existe un problema grave de falta de confianza en las instituciones p��blicas y en los partidos pol��ticos. 4. Los j��venes sue��an en causas nobles, pac��ficas, solidarias, admirando a los personajes-s��mbolos que los representan 5. La familia, y en parte la Iglesia, son las dos instituciones b��sicas, junto con la escuela, que m��s cerca se sienten defendiendo la igualdad entre los seres. 6. Tienen porcentajes preocupantes de permisividad ante la borrachera y las relaciones sexuales prematrimoniales. 7. Es una juventud de moral complaciente, de creencias religiosas y bastante satisfecha.

Las actitudes ling����sticas en la comunidad aut��noma vasca : an��lisis comparativo entre escolares aut��ctonos y de origen inmigrante.

Realizar un an��lisis de las actitudes ling����sticas hacia el euskera, el castellano, la L1, el ingl��s y el franc��s del alumnado de origen inmigrante y aut��ctono en la Comunidad Aut��noma VAsca ( C.A.V.). Conocer las actitudes de estos idiomas en los centros de Educaci��n Secundaria Obligatoria seleccionados. Establecer una comparaci��n entre los diferentes alumnos. Analizar algunas de las variables m��s importantes que determinan las actitudes hacia el euskera y castellano y conocer las opiniones del profesorado acerca de la presencia de alumnado inmigrante en las aulas. Se ha estudiado mediante dos partes: la primera una base te��rica donde se estudia una valoraci��n de lo que entendemos por educaci��n biling��e y los diferentes programas existentes as�� como su concreci��n en el Estado espa��ol. Dado el relieva que se atribuye a las actitudes ling����sticas se hace tambi��n una reflexi��n acerca de su relaci��n con el aprendizaje. La segunda parte es un estudio emp��rico. La muestra se compone con alumnos de Educaci��n Secundaria Obligatoria que corresponde con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 16 a��os. En edades posteriores no tiene sentido por la escasez de alumnado inmigrante. La muestra definitiva queda conformada por 572 sujetos, 390 de los cueles son aut��ctonos y 182 de origen inmigrante. Los participantes del profesorado fueron diecisiete profesores que impart��an su docencia en los diez centros en los que se hab��a realizado la encuesta del alumnado respecto a actitudes ling����sticas. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: una encuesta de actitudes para el alumnado y una encuesta para el profesorado. La obtenci��n de los datos estad��sticos se realiz�� mediante la utilizaci��n del programa SPSS versi��n 6.0. Se utilizaron b��sicamente estad��sticos descriptivos, tablas de contingencia y la ANOVA, esta ��ltima permite comprobar los efectos de una o m��s variables independientes sobre cada una de las variables dependientes. As�� mismo, se utiliz�� la prueba de Sheff�� para concretar las diferencias significativas. En todos los casos, el nivel de significaci��n utilizado ha sido el 0.05. El conocimiento de la lengua escolar es imprescindible para conseguir buenos resultados escolares, lo cual nos lleva concluir que existen buenas razones para favorecer la existencia de actitudes favorables hacia las lenguas que puedan llegar a propiciar el conocimiento de las dos lenguas oficiales de la CAV tanto en el alumnado aut��ctono como en el inmigrante, lo cual a su vez podr�� llegar a permitir una futura integraci��n social de ambos colectivos. Aprender una nueva lengua est�� vinculado al hecho de tener actitudes positivas y motivaci��n para aprenderla, as�� como de una valoraci��n de la lengua propia. Adem��s, se deber��a dise��ar acciones espec��ficas orientarse a que este colectivo, tanto desde los centros educativos como desde la sociedades, en general, desarrolle actitudes m��s favorables hacia la lengua propia de la C.A.V. y tenga una mejor conocimiento de nuestra realidad y cultural especialmente en el colectivo procedente de Latinoam��rica.

A qualitative analysis of immigrant population health practices in the Girona Healthcare Region

The research we present here forms part of a two-phase project - one quantitative and the other qualitative - assessing the use of primary health care services. This paper presents the qualitative phase of said research, which is aimed at ascertaining the needs, beliefs, barriers to access and health practices of the immigrant population in comparison with the native population, as well as the perceptions of healthcare professionals. Moroccan and sub-Saharan were the immigrants to who the qualitative phase was specifically addressed. The aims of this paper are as follows: to analyse any possible implications of family organisation in the health practices of the immigrant population; to ascertain social practices relating to illness; to understand the significances of sexual and reproductive health practices; and to ascertain the ideas and perceptions of immigrants, local people and professionals regarding health and the health system. Methods: qualitative research based on discursive analysis. Data gathering techniques consisted of discussion groups with health system users and semi-structured individual interviews with healthcare professionals. The sample was taken from the Basic Healthcare Areas of Salt and Banyoles (belonging to the Girona Healthcare Region), the discussion groups being comprised of (a) 6 immigrant Moroccan women, (b) 7 immigrant sub-Saharan African women and (c) 6 immigrant and native population men (2 native men, 2 Moroccan men and 2 sub-Saharan men); and the semi-structured interviews being conducted with the following healthcare professionals: (a) 3 gynaecologists, (b) 3 nurses and 1 administrative staff. Results: use of the healthcare system is linked to the perception of not being well, knowledge of the healthcare system, length of time resident in Spain and interiorization of traditional Western medicine as a cure mechanism. The divergences found among the groups of immigrants, local people and healthcare professionals with regard to healthcare education, use of the healthcare service, sexual and reproductive healthcare and reticence with regard to being attended by healthcare personnel of the opposite sex demonstrate a need to work with the immigrant population as a heterogeneous group. Conclusions: the results we have obtained support the idea that feeling unwell is a psycho-social process, as it takes place within a specific socio-cultural situation and spans a range of beliefs, perceptions and ideas regarding symptomology and how to treat it

Restaural, sistema de gesti�� de comandes per restaurants

El projecte consisteix en un sistema informatitzat per restaurants centralitzat en un servidor que permet recollir comandes als clients a trav��s de PDA���s i de pantalles t��ctils situades a la barra per enviar-les als corresponents llocs d��� elaboraci��: -Terminal de la cuina on s���elaboraran tots els menjars. -Terminal de la bodega on es serviran els vins i caves. -Terminal barra on es serviran els licors, refrescos (entre d���altres productes totalment configurables). -Terminal de postres on es reben les l��nies de comanda relacionades amb els postres. L���objectiu acad��mic del projecte ser�� adquirir coneixement a nivell de disseny i gesti�� de dades, aix�� com la comunicaci�� de diversos dispositius en temps real. S���utilitzar�� la tecnologia .net, concretament el llenguatge de programaci�� visual c# .net. i com a gestor de bases de dades el mysql 5.0.19. A m��s, es treballa amb la metodologia UML, utilitzant tamb�� diversos patrons. Per fer del sistema un sistema centralitzat en un servidor s���utilitzar�� la comunicaci�� per terminal service de windows el qual ens brinda la possibilitat d���establir diverses sessions d���usuaris concurrents. Cada sessi�� estar�� destinada a un cambrer, per tant, hi haur�� una sessi�� per PDA

M��dul de gesti�� de magatzems segons el model d'organitzaci�� f��sica de "magatzem ca��tic"

Creaci�� d'una 'aplicaci�� de gesti�� comercial i comptable partint de la ja existent en l���empresa Ph Systems S.L., seguint per tant la tecnologia utilitzada en aquesta aplicaci��, desenvolupada en Visual Basic 6 i utilitzant uns objectes i llibreries propis per facilitat l���enlla�� dels formularis amb les taules de la base de dades utilitzant tant connexions ODBC com connexions OLE DB. El gestor de base de dades seleccionat per realitzar el projecte ser�� Oracle, que ��s el que actualment s���utilitza per les dades de l���aplicaci�� de gesti�� d���estocs. Tasques a realitzar: An��lisi dels requeriments del sistema. Disseny dels diferents m��duls de la futura aplicaci��. Obtenir una base de dades ben definida partint de la ja existent. Implementaci�� dels m��duls de la futura aplicaci��. Els objectius d���aprenentatge d���aquest projecte s��n els seg��ents: Millora del coneixement de la gesti�� d���una base de dades Oracle Millora en l���aprenentatge del llenguatge de programaci�� Visual Basic 6

A cross-calibration of chlorine isotopic measurements and suitability of seawater as the international reference material

A collection of 24 seawaters from various worldwide locations and differing depth was culled to measure their chlorine isotopic composition (delta(37)Cl). These samples cover all the oceans and large seas: Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and Antarctic oceans, Mediterranean and Red seas. This collection includes nine seawaters from three depth profiles down to 4560 mbsl. The standard deviation (2sigma) of the delta(37)Cl of this collection is +/-0.08 parts per thousand, which is in fact as large as our precision of measurement ( +/- 0.10 parts per thousand). Thus, within error, oceanic waters seem to be an homogeneous reservoir. According to our results, any seawater could be representative of Standard Mean Ocean Chloride (SMOC) and could be used as a reference standard. An extended international cross-calibration over a large range of delta(37)Cl has been completed. For this purpose, geological fluid samples of various chemical compositions and a manufactured CH3Cl gas sample, with delta(37)Cl from about -6 parts per thousand to +6 parts per thousand have been compared. Data were collected by gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) at the Paris, Reading and Utrecht laboratories and by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) at the Leeds laboratory. Comparison of IRMS values over the range -5.3 parts per thousand to +1.4 parts per thousand plots on the Y=X line, showing a very good agreement between the three laboratories. On 11 samples, the trend line between Paris and Reading Universities is: delta(37)Cl(Reading)= (1.007 +/- 0.009)delta(37)Cl(Paris) - (0.040 +/- 0.025), with a correlation coefficient: R-2 = 0.999. TIMS values from Leeds University have been compared to IRMS values from Paris University over the range -3.0 parts per thousand to +6.0 parts per thousand. On six samples, the agreement between these two laboratories, using different techniques is good: delta(37)Cl(Leeds)=(1.052 +/- 0.038)delta(37)Cl(Paris) + (0.058 +/- 0.099), with a correlation coefficient: R-2 = 0.995. The present study completes a previous cross-calibration between the Leeds and Reading laboratories to compare TIMS and IRMS results (Anal. Chem. 72 (2000) 2261). Both studies allow a comparison of IRMS and TIMS techniques between delta(37)Cl values from -4.4 parts per thousand to +6.0 parts per thousand and show a good agreement: delta(37)Cl(TIMS)=(1.039 +/- 0.023)delta(37)Cl(IRMS)+(0.059 +/- 0.056), with a correlation coefficient: R-2 = 0.996. Our study shows that, for fluid samples, if chlorine isotopic compositions are near 0 parts per thousand, their measurements either by IRMS or TIMS will give comparable results within less than +/- 0.10 parts per thousand, while for delta(37)Cl values as far as 10 parts per thousand (either positive or negative) from SMOC, both techniques will agree within less than +/- 0.30 parts per thousand. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evidence of trends in daily climate extremes over southern and west Africa

[ 1] There has been a paucity of information on trends in daily climate and climate extremes, especially from developing countries. We report the results of the analysis of daily temperature ( maximum and minimum) and precipitation data from 14 south and west African countries over the period 1961 - 2000. Data were subject to quality control and processing into indices of climate extremes for release to the global community. Temperature extremes show patterns consistent with warming over most of the regions analyzed, with a large proportion of stations showing statistically significant trends for all temperature indices. Over 1961 to 2000, the regionally averaged occurrence of extreme cold ( fifth percentile) days and nights has decreased by - 3.7 and - 6.0 days/decade, respectively. Over the same period, the occurrence of extreme hot (95th percentile) days and nights has increased by 8.2 and 8.6 days/decade, respectively. The average duration of warm ( cold) has increased ( decreased) by 2.4 (0.5) days/decade and warm spells. Overall, it appears that the hot tails of the distributions of daily maximum temperature have changed more than the cold tails; for minimum temperatures, hot tails show greater changes in the NW of the region, while cold tails have changed more in the SE and east. The diurnal temperature range (DTR) does not exhibit a consistent trend across the region, with many neighboring stations showing opposite trends. However, the DTR shows consistent increases in a zone across Namibia, Botswana, Zambia, and Mozambique, coinciding with more rapid increases in maximum temperature than minimum temperature extremes. Most precipitation indices do not exhibit consistent or statistically significant trends across the region. Regionally averaged total precipitation has decreased but is not statistically significant. At the same time, there has been a statistically significant increase in regionally averaged daily rainfall intensity and dry spell duration. While the majority of stations also show increasing trends for these two indices, only a few of these are statistically significant. There are increasing trends in regionally averaged rainfall on extreme precipitation days and in maximum annual 5-day and 1-day rainfall, but only trends for the latter are statistically significant.

Growth of the lava dome and extrusion rates at Soufri��re Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies: 2005���2008

The third episode of lava dome growth at Soufri��re Hills Volcano began 1 August 2005 and ended 20 April 2007. Volumes of the dome and talus produced were measured using a photo-based method with a calibrated camera for increased accuracy. The total dense rock equivalent (DRE) volume of extruded andesite magma (306 �� 51 Mm3) was similar within error to that produced in the earlier episodes but the average extrusion rate was 5.6 �� 0.9 m3s���1 (DRE), higher than the previous episodes. Extrusion rates varied in a pulsatory manner from <0.5 m3s���1 to ���20 m3s���1. On 18 May 2006, the lava dome had reached a volume of 85 Mm3 DRE and it was removed in its entirety during a massive dome collapse on 20 May 2006. Extrusion began again almost immediately and built a dome of 170 Mm3 DRE with a summit height 1047 m above sea level by 4 April 2007. There were few moderate-sized dome collapses (1���10 Mm3) during this extrusive episode in contrast to the first episode of dome growth in 1995���8 when they were numerous. The first and third episodes of dome growth showed a similar pattern of low (<0.5 m3s���1) but increasing magma flux during the early stages, with steady high flux after extrusion of ���25 Mm3

Effects of desiccation on seed germination, cracking, fungal infection and survival in storage of Sterculia foetida L

Seeds of Sterculia foetida were tested for germination following desiccation and subsequent hermetic storage. Whereas seeds at 10.3% moisture content were intact and provided 98% germination, further desiccation reduced germination substantially. The majority of seed coats had cracked after desiccation to 5.1% moisture content. Ability to germinate was not reduced after 12 months' hermetic storage at 10.3% and 7.3% moisture content at 15 degrees C or -18 degrees C, but was reduced considerably at 5.1%. Fungal infection was detected consistently for cracked seeds in germination tests and they did not germinate. However, almost all embryos extracted from cracked seeds germinated if first disinfected with sodium hypochlorite (1%, 5 minutes). In addition. 80 -100% of disinfected extracted embryos from cracked seeds stored hermetically for 28 d at -18 degrees C or -82 degrees C with 3.3% to 6.0% moisture content, and excised embryos stored in this way, were able to germinate. Hence. failure of the very dry seeds of Sterculia foetida to germinate was not due to embryo death from desiccation but to cracking increasing susceptibility to fungal infection upon rehydration. Cracking was associated negatively and strongly with relative humidity and appears to be a mechanical consequence of substantial differences between the isotherms of whole seeds compared with cotyledons and axes.

Prediction of cottonseed longevity

The objective of this work was to determine the viability equation constants for cottonseed and to detect the occurrence and depletion of hardseededness. Three seedlots of Brazilian cultivars IAC-19 and IAC-20 were tested, using 12 moisture content levels, ranging from 2.2 to 21.7% and three storage temperatures, 40, 50 and 65 degrees C. Seed moisture content level was reached from the initial value (around 8.8%) either by rehydration, in a closed container, or by drying in desiccators containing silica gel, both at 20 degrees C. Twelve seed subsamples for each moisture content/temperature treatment were sealed in laminated aluminium-foil packets and stored in incubators at those temperatures, until complete survival curves were obtained. Seed equilibrium relative humidity was recorded. Hardseededness was detected at moisture content levels below 6% and its releasing was achieved either naturally, during storage period, or artificially through seed coat removal. The viability equation quantified the response of seed longevity to storage environment well with K-E = 9.240, C-W = 5.190, C-H = 0.03965 and C-Q = 0.000426. The lower limit estimated for application of this equation at 65 degrees C was 3.6% moisture content.

A novel method for production of lipid hydroperoxide- or oxysterol-rich low-density lipoprotein

LDL oxidation may be important in atherosclerosis. Extensive oxidation of LDL by copper induces increased uptake by macrophages, but results in decomposition of hydroperoxides, making it more difficult to investigate the effects of hydroperoxides in oxidised LDL on cell function. We describe here a simple method of oxidising LDL by dialysis against copper ions at 4 degrees C, which inhibits the decomposition of hydroperoxides, and allows the production of LDL rich in hydroperoxides (626 +/- 98 nmol/mg LDL protein) but low in oxysterols (3 +/- 1 nmol 7-ketocholesterol/mg LDL protein), whilst allowing sufficient modification (2.6 +/- 0.5 relative electrophoretic mobility) for rapid uptake by macrophages (5.49 +/- 0.75 mu g I-125-labelled hydroperoxide-rich LDL vs. 0.46 +/- 0.04 mu g protein/mg cell protein in 18 h for native LDL). By dialysing under the same conditions, but at 37 degrees C, the hydroperoxides are decomposed extensively and the LDL becomes rich in oxysterols. This novel method of oxidising LDL with high yield to either a hydroperoxide- or oxysterol-rich form by simply altering the temperature of dialysis may provide a useful tool for determining the effects of these different oxidation products on cell function. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.