Analysis of the Response Speed of Musculature of the Knee in Professional Male and Female Volleyball Players

The aim of this study was to evaluate the normalized response speed (Vrn) of the knee musculature (flexor and extensor) in high competitive level volleyball players using tensiomyography (TMG) and to analyze the muscular response of the vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), and biceps femoris (BF) in accordance with the specific position they play in their teams. One hundred and sixty-six players (83 women and 83 men) were evaluated. They belonged to eight teams in the Spanish women's superleague and eight in the Spanish men's superleague. The use of Vrn allows avoiding possible sample imbalances due to anatomical and functional differences and demands. We found differences between Vrn in each of the muscles responsible for extension (VM, RF, and VL) and flexion (BF) regardless of the sex. Normalized response speed differences seem to be larger in setters, liberos and outside players compared to middle blockers and larger in males when compared to females. These results of Vrn might respond to the differences in the physical and technical demands of each specific position, showing an improved balance response of the knee extensor and flexor musculature in male professional volleyball players.

Simplified Formulae for the Estimation of Offshore Wind Turbines Clutter on Marine Radars

The potential impact that offshore wind farms may cause on nearby marine radars should be considered before the wind farm is installed. Strong radar echoes from the turbines may degrade radars' detection capability in the area around the wind farm. Although conventional computational methods provide accurate results of scattering by wind turbines, they are not directly implementable in software tools that can be used to conduct the impact studies. This paper proposes a simple model to assess the clutter that wind turbines may generate on marine radars. This method can be easily implemented in the system modeling software tools for the impact analysis of a wind farm in a real scenario.

Efektu anharmonikoak presio altuko litioan

[EUS] Litioa da presiorik gabe daukagun metalik arinena. Balentziako elektroi bakarra dauka eta elektroi ia askearen hurbilketan ondo deskribatzen dira litio soliodoaren propietate elektronikoak. Beraz, metal sinpletzat hartu izan da beti. Baina, presioa igotzen dugun heinean, intuizioaren aurka doazen fenomenoak ikusten dira eta aztergai dugun materiala oso interesgarria bilakatzen da. Horregatik, lan honetan litioaren propietate elektroniko eta dinamikoak aztertu ditugu presioapean.

Diet composition and daily ration estimates of selected trawl-caught fishes in San Miguel Bay, Philippines

The diet composition of fish caught in San Miguel Bay, Philippines, in April and May 1993 was studied. The diets of tiger-tooth croaker (Otolithes ruber), commerson's anchovy (Stolephorus commersonii); and the Indian anchovy (Stolephorus indicus) consisted mainly of zooplankton, primarily crustaceans. The stomach content of orangefin ponyfish (Leiognathus bindus) was found to consist mostly of detritus and unidentified materials. Daily rations estimated were: 1.90 g day super(1) for O. ruber of 17.3 g mean body weight (BW), 0.078 g day super(1) for S. commersonii) of 3.8 g mean BW, 0.062 g day super(1) for S. indicus of 3.9 g mean BW and 0.56 g day super(1) for L. bindus of 7.7 g mean BW.

Who's working on fishing gear design and construction for small-scale fisheries?

The findings are presented of a search conducted on traditional fishing gear design and construction using the ASFA database (1971-90) and the ICLARM Library and professional staff collections.

Who's working on giant clam culture?

An examination is made of the literature on giant clam (Tridacna ) culture methods induced spawning, larvae, larval and post-larval rearing and socioeconomics. ASFA and the ICLARM library and professional staff collections were used for the search.

Who's working on tropical fish seed transport?

An examination is made of the literature on seed stock and live fish transport in the tropics. ASFA and ICLARM library and professional staff collections were used for the search.

Who's working on Mugil culture

The findings are presented of a survey conducted regarding research on Mugil culture; emphasis was given to publications from the tropics and subtropics, particularly from developing regions. The literature search used ASFA, the ICLARM library and professional staff collections. It was found that during the period 1932-90 there were 203 articles published; of these, 41% were on the subject of reproduction, induced breeding and seed, 26% on culture systems, 12% on general discussions, 11% on diseases/parasites, and 10% on nutrition.

Epidemiologia molecular de Staphylococcus aureus resistentes à meticilina (MRSA) isolados de pacientes com Fibrose Cística

Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA) é um importante patógeno pulmonar em pacientes com fibrose cística (FC). Caracteriza-se pela resistência a todos os β-lactâmicos, devido a presença do elemento genético móvel SCCmec o qual abriga o gene mecA. Além disso, é reconhecido por vários fatores de virulência o qual destacamos a toxina Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL), uma citolisina formadora de poros na célula hospedeira, e por apresentar diversos clones epidêmicos envolvidos em surtos hospitalares. O objetivo desse estudo foi caracterizar a epidemiologia de MRSA, isolados de pacientes com FC referente a dois centros de referência no Rio de Janeiro a partir da aplicação de técnicas fenotípicas e genotípicas. Um total de 57 amostras de MRSA foi submetido ao teste de difusão em ágar para 11 antimicrobianos a fim de avaliar perfil de resistência, com aplicação da técnica da PCR foi tipificado o SCCmec e investigado a presença do gene LukS-PV responsável pela codificação da toxina PVL com intuito de estabelecer uma melhor caracterização epidemiológica dos clones identificados pela técnica do MLST (Multilocus Sequence Typing). Os antimicrobianos não β-lactâmicos apresentaram um percentual de resistência abaixo de 50%, em que destacamos a eritromicina com o maior percentual 45,6% e quanto ao perfil de resistência 24,6% foram multirresistentes. Com exceção do SCCmec II, os outros tipos foram encontrados (I, III, IV e V) com os respectivos percentuais de 22,8% (n=13), 7,1% (n=4), 61,4% (n=35) e 3,5% (n=2) e apenas 5,3% (n=3) das amostras não foram caracterizadas, não há dados da prevalência do SCCmec IV. Vinte (35,1%) amostras apresentaram produtos de amplificação compatível com a presença do gene lukS, aproximadamente metade dessas amostras (55%) estava correlacionada ao SCCmec IV. Com a análise do MLST, obtivemos os STs 1 (n=1, 1,7%), 5 (n=28, 49,1%), 30 (n=11, 19,3%), 72 (n=1, 1,7%), 398 (n=1, 1,7%), 1635 (n=7, 12,3%), 1661 (n=2, 3,5%), 239 (n=5, 8,8%), e ainda identificamos um novo ST (2732) presente em 1 amostra. A partir de uma análise associativa entre o MLST e o SCCmec foi possível observar a presença de linhagens características de clones epidêmicos, como o UK-EMRSA-3 (ST5, SCCmec I), USA 800/pediátrico (ST5, SCCmec IV), Oceania Southwest Pacific Clone - OSPC (ST30, SCCmec IV) e Brazilian Epidemic Clone - BEC (ST239, SCCmec III). Em conclusão este estudo é o primeiro a caracterizar linhagens epidêmicas de MRSA nos centros de atendimento a pacientes com FC no Rio de Janeiro, sendo necessário um monitoramento constante a fim de evitar a disseminação desses clones.