Visibilidad de los archivos universitarios hispanoamericanos a través de Internet

Este trabajo busca detectar la presencia en Internet de archivos universitarios existentes en países del continente americano cuyo idioma oficial sea la lengua española, y analizar sus sitios web prestando especial atención a los contenidos difundidos en ellos. Se relevaron a junio de 2013 un total de 56 sitios web. Como conclusiones principales pueden señalarse las siguientes: a) se observa un lento incremento en la cantidad de sitios web, pasando de 42 en 2005 a 56 en 2013; b) 52 por ciento corresponden a la fase histórica; c) México es el país con mayor cantidad de archivos; d) 64 por ciento posee sitio web propio; e) 80 por ciento incluye misión del archivo; f) cerca de un 20 por ciento no incluye datos de contacto; g) 74 por ciento señala los servicios ofrecidos; h) 53 por ciento disponen información descriptiva general sobre los fondos custodiados; i) 21 por ciento ofrece la posibilidad de hojear documentos a texto completo; j) 28 por ciento difunde su reglamento y procedimientos de trabajo; k) poco más del 45 por ciento incluye información sobre pautas para el acceso, consulta y reproducción de documentos; l) un bajo porcentaje incluye informaciones adicionales, predominando noticias (39 por ciento) y fotos (18 por ciento), así como legislación archivística (20 por ciento) y recursos archivísticos de interés (27 por ciento); m) en cuanto a las herramientas de la Web 2.0, 18 por ciento posee blog, 16 por ciento canales de RSS, 27 por ciento Facebook y 23 por ciento Twitter

Crises of social significances: adolescents and their projects for future work

This is a report on data raised through research, which has already finished, about Identification references in adolescents . Objetives : To analyze and reflect upon the collected data, adolescents' representations about the work field and their projects for future work. To conceptualize about the crises of social significances which produce and order sense and, therefore, organize our perceptions of work through social discourses and practices which have an impact on the subjectivity of adolescents and young adults. Methodology: Brief presentation of the concepts which frame the qualitative research in this area. Reading and analysis of fragments from adolescents' accounts, obtained in focal groups at different state secondary schools. Conclusions: The adolescents researched portray a self-image full of uncertainty and skepticism as regards their future possibilities. The impact produced by the fall of work as an ideal of doing and being is made evident in their accounts. Only some of them link their future project with an invested and valuable activity, even if this is not associated with economic safety and wellbeing. Others present themselves as incapable to modify the state of things, which offers a field connected with consumerist values and with the idea that "you are worth what you have (in material things)".

Statistics on low cloud occurrence per month along the South-Western African coast at 7:00 and 14:00 UTC, 2004 to 2009

The spatial and temporal patterns of fog and low clouds along the South-Western African coast are characterized based on an evaluation of Meteosat SEVIRI satellite data. A technique for the detection of fog/low clouds in the region is introduced, and validated using 1 year of CALIOP cloud lidar products, showing reliable performance. The frequency of fog and low cloud in the study area is analyzed by systematic application of the technique to all available Meteosat SEVIRI scenes from 2004 to 2009, for 7:00 UTC and 14:00 UTC. The highest frequencies are encountered in the area around Walvis Bay, with a peak in the summer months. Fog and low clouds clear by 14:00 UTC almost everywhere over land.

Crises of social significances: adolescents and their projects for future work

This is a report on data raised through research, which has already finished, about Identification references in adolescents . Objetives : To analyze and reflect upon the collected data, adolescents' representations about the work field and their projects for future work. To conceptualize about the crises of social significances which produce and order sense and, therefore, organize our perceptions of work through social discourses and practices which have an impact on the subjectivity of adolescents and young adults. Methodology: Brief presentation of the concepts which frame the qualitative research in this area. Reading and analysis of fragments from adolescents' accounts, obtained in focal groups at different state secondary schools. Conclusions: The adolescents researched portray a self-image full of uncertainty and skepticism as regards their future possibilities. The impact produced by the fall of work as an ideal of doing and being is made evident in their accounts. Only some of them link their future project with an invested and valuable activity, even if this is not associated with economic safety and wellbeing. Others present themselves as incapable to modify the state of things, which offers a field connected with consumerist values and with the idea that "you are worth what you have (in material things)".

Visibilidad de los archivos universitarios hispanoamericanos a través de Internet

Este trabajo busca detectar la presencia en Internet de archivos universitarios existentes en países del continente americano cuyo idioma oficial sea la lengua española, y analizar sus sitios web prestando especial atención a los contenidos difundidos en ellos. Se relevaron a junio de 2013 un total de 56 sitios web. Como conclusiones principales pueden señalarse las siguientes: a) se observa un lento incremento en la cantidad de sitios web, pasando de 42 en 2005 a 56 en 2013; b) 52 por ciento corresponden a la fase histórica; c) México es el país con mayor cantidad de archivos; d) 64 por ciento posee sitio web propio; e) 80 por ciento incluye misión del archivo; f) cerca de un 20 por ciento no incluye datos de contacto; g) 74 por ciento señala los servicios ofrecidos; h) 53 por ciento disponen información descriptiva general sobre los fondos custodiados; i) 21 por ciento ofrece la posibilidad de hojear documentos a texto completo; j) 28 por ciento difunde su reglamento y procedimientos de trabajo; k) poco más del 45 por ciento incluye información sobre pautas para el acceso, consulta y reproducción de documentos; l) un bajo porcentaje incluye informaciones adicionales, predominando noticias (39 por ciento) y fotos (18 por ciento), así como legislación archivística (20 por ciento) y recursos archivísticos de interés (27 por ciento); m) en cuanto a las herramientas de la Web 2.0, 18 por ciento posee blog, 16 por ciento canales de RSS, 27 por ciento Facebook y 23 por ciento Twitter

Pollen record from sediment core M77/2_056-3 (Bay of Guayaquil, Peru)

We analyzed the pollen content of a marine core located near the bay of Guayaquil in Ecuador to document the link between sea surface temperatures (SST) and changes in rainfall regimes on the adjacent continent during the Holocene. Based on the expansion/regression of five vegetation types, we observe three successive climatic patterns. In the first phase, between 11,700 and 7700 cal yr BP, the presence of a cloud (Andean) forest in the mid altitudes and mangroves in the estuary of the Guayas Basin, were associated with a maximum in boreal summer insolation, a northernmost position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), a land- sea thermal contrast, and dryness. Between 7700 and 2850 cal yr BP, the expansion of the coastal herbs and the regression of the mangrove indicate a drier climate with weak ITCZ and low ENSO variability while austral winter insolation gradually increased. The interval between 4200 and 2850 cal yr BP was marked by the coolest and driest climatic conditions of the Holocene due to the weak influence of the ITCZ and a strengthening of the Humboldt Current. After 2850 cal yr BP, high variability and amplitude of the Andean forest changes occurred when ENSO frequency and amplitude increased, indicating high variability in land-sea connections. The ITCZ reached the latitude of Guayaquil only after 2500 cal yr BP inducing the bimodal precipitation regime we observe today. Our study shows that besides insolation, the ITCZ position and ENSO frequency, changes in eastern equatorial Pacific SSTs play a major role in determining the composition of the ecosystems and the hydrological cycle of the Ecuadorian Pacific coast and the Western Cordillera in Ecuador.

Exploring the logic of mobile search

After more than a decade of development work and hopes, the usage of mobile Internet has finally taken off. Now, we are witnessing the first signs of evidence of what might become the explosion of mobile content and applications that will be shaping the (mobile) Internet of the future. Similar to the wired Internet, search will become very relevant for the usage of mobile Internet. Current research on mobile search has applied a limited set of methodologies and has also generated a narrow outcome of meaningful results. This article covers new ground, exploring the use and visions of mobile search with a users' interview-based qualitative study. Its main conclusion builds upon the hypothesis that mobile search is sensitive to a mobile logic different than today's one. First, (advanced) users ask for accessing with their mobile devices the entire Internet, rather than subsections of it. Second, success is based on new added-value applications that exploit unique mobile functionalities. The authors interpret that such mobile logic involves fundamentally the use of personalised and context-based services.

Atmospheric modelling of tritium forms transport: review of capabilities and R&D needs for the assessment of fusion facilities environmental impact

One of the key scrutiny issues of new coming energy era would be the environmental impact of fusion facilities managing one kg of tritium. The potential change of committed dose regulatory limits together with the implementation of nuclear design principles (As Low as Reasonably achievable - ALARA -, Defense in Depth -D-i-D-) for fusion facilities could strongly impact on the cost of deployment of coming fusion technology. Accurate modeling of environmental tritium transport forms (HT, HTO) for the assessment of fusion facility dosimetric impact in Accidental case appears as of major interest. This paper considers different short-term releases of tritium forms (HT and HTO) to the atmosphere from a potential fusion reactor located in the Mediterranean Basin. This work models in detail the dispersion of tritium forms and dosimetric impact of selected environmental patterns both inland and in-sea using real topography and forecast meteorological data-fields (ECMWF/FLEXPART). We explore specific values of this ratio in different levels and we examine the influence of meteorological conditions in the HTO behavior for 24 hours. For this purpose we have used a tool which consists on a coupled Lagrangian ECMWF/FLEXPART model useful to follow real time releases of tritium at 10, 30 and 60 meters together with hourly observations of wind (and in some cases precipitations) to provide a short-range approximation of tritium cloud behavior. We have assessed inhalation doses. And also HTO/HT ratios in a representative set of cases during winter 2010 and spring 2011 for the 3 air levels.

GMonE: a complete approach to cloud monitoring

The inherent complexity of modern cloud infrastructures has created the need for innovative monitoring approaches, as state-of-the-art solutions used for other large-scale environments do not address specific cloud features. Although cloud monitoring is nowadays an active research field, a comprehensive study covering all its aspects has not been presented yet. This paper provides a deep insight into cloud monitoring. It proposes a unified cloud monitoring taxonomy, based on which it defines a layered cloud monitoring architecture. To illustrate it, we have implemented GMonE, a general-purpose cloud monitoring tool which covers all aspects of cloud monitoring by specifically addressing the needs of modern cloud infrastructures. Furthermore, we have evaluated the performance, scalability and overhead of GMonE with Yahoo Cloud Serving Benchmark (YCSB), by using the OpenNebula cloud middleware on the Grid’5000 experimental testbed. The results of this evaluation demonstrate the benefits of our approach, surpassing the monitoring performance and capabilities of cloud monitoring alternatives such as those present in state-of-the-art systems such as Amazon EC2 and OpenNebula.

Sobre la identidad de la ciudad. El estudio de la interacción audiovisual en las nuevas herramientas para el proyecto. El caso de Cuenca

Esta investigación se centra en el estudio de la dimensión audiovisual de la arquitectura, como aproximación intersensorial a la aprehensión e ideación del espacio. Poniendo en evidencia la complejidad de la relación hombre-medio, se plantea la necesidad de desarrollar nuevas metodologías y herramientas que tengan en cuenta dicha complejidad y que favorezcan el desarrollo del proyecto. Nos mueve en esta investigación la convicción de que los cambios rápidos y profundos que caracterizan nuestros tiempos en todos los ámbitos, social, económico, político… entrañan inevita-blemente nuevos modos de conocimiento y experimentación del espacio, y por tanto nuevos ejes de investigación. La creciente valoración, en todos los campos del conocimiento, de los aspectos subjetivos y sensoriales, el desarrollo de las tecnologías que ha cambiado completamente nuestras relaciones interpersonales y con el entorno, las nuevas capacidades de análisis, grabación y conservación y manipulación de datos y por ultimo, aunque no menos importante, la puesta a disposición democrá¬tica y global de todo el saber a través de Internet, imponen otra aproximación al hacer, concebir y vivir la arquitectura. Esta investigación se centra en un análisis crítico del estado de la cuestión, construyendo nue¬vas redes de relación entre disciplinas, que permitan plantear la dimensión audiovisual como un nuevo eje de investigación dentro de la arquitectura, poniendo en evidencia la necesidad de desa¬rrollar análisis de forma trasversal e interdisciplinar. Hemos prestado particular atención a la evolución de lo sonoro y su aproximación cualitativa a la arquitectura, mostrando como el sonido, con su capacidad de introducir el tiempo y los aspectos dinámicos (el movimiento, la presencia del cuerpo…), no es simplemente otro canal sensorial en la aprehensión del espacio, ya que su interacción con lo visual genera un espacio-tiempo indisociable, propio, característico de cada momento y lugar. A partir de este planteamiento se ha hecho una revisión metodológica dirigida a utilizar el reco¬rrido como herramienta de análisis, que permita estudiar la relación entre el espacio, la acción y la percepción audio-visual, cruzando para ello los datos correspondientes a la morfología del espacio, con los datos de la experiencia perceptiva individual y con los de los usos colectivos del espacio, utilizándose finalmente el video como un herramienta, no sólo de representación de lo real, sino también como instrumento de análisis, que permite tomar datos (grabaciones audio, video, obser¬vaciones…), aislarlos, estudiarlos, clasificarlos, ordenarlos, y finalmente, restituirlos mediante el montaje. Se ha realizado una primera experimentación “in situ” que ha servido para explorar la aplicación del método, planteando nuevas preguntas y abriendo líneas de análisis para ulteriores investigacio¬nes. ABSTRACT This research is focused on the study of the audiovisual dimension of architecture, as an in¬tersensorial approach to space apprehension and design. It is posed the necessity to develop new methodologies and tools that keep this complexity, as a contribution to the development of a project, by means of putting into evidence the sophistication of the relationship between man and media The research moves us to the conviction that the quick and relevant changes that confer a distinc-tion to these contemporary times all over the social, economic and political environments, involve, unavoidably, new ways of knowledge and experimentation on space, and therefore, new trends of research. The growing valuation of subjective and sensorial aspects all over the fields of the knowledge and the development of the technologies that have changed completely our interpersonal and environmental relationships, the new tools for analysis, recording, conservation and manipulation of data and, last but not least, the setting to democratic and global availability of the whole knowledge through Inter¬net, impose another approach to the making, conception and experience of architecture. This research deals with a critical analysis of the state–of- the-art of the matter, modelling new webs of relationship among disciplines that allow to outline the audiovisual dimension as a new focus of research on architecture, putting evidence into practice as it is necessary to develop any analysis in a transversal and interdisciplinary way. It is paid a special attention to the evolution of sound objects and their qualitative approach to ar¬chitecture, showing how sound, with its capacity to transmit time and dynamic aspects of things (movement, the presence of the body), it is not simply another sensorial channel in the apprehension of space, since its interaction with the visual thing generates an undetachable association of space and time, an specific one of every moment and place. Starting from this position a methodological revision has been made leading to use a walk as a tool for analysis that allows to study the relationship among the space, the action and the audio-visual perception, by means of crossing data corresponding to the morphology of space, with the data of a perceptive experience from the perspective of an individual observer and with those of the collective uses of the space, as video has been finally used as a tool, not only as a representation of the real thing, but also as a tool for analysis that allows to take isolated data (audio recordings, video, obser¬vations), to be studied, classified, and put into their appropriate place, and finally, to restore them by means of a multimedia set up. A first experimentation in situ has been carried out, being useful to explore a method of appli¬cation, outlining new questions and beginning with new ways of analysis for further research.

Design, development and evaluation of a portable recording system to capture dynamic presentations using the teacher's tablet PC

Computers and multimedia equipment have improved a lot in the last years. They have reduced their cost and size while at the same time increased their capabilities. These improvements allowed us to design and implement a portable recording system that also integrates the teacher´s tablet PC to capture what he/she writes on the slides and all that happens in it. This paper explains this system in detail and the validation of the recordings that we did after using it to record all the lectures the “Communications Software” course in our university. The results show that pupils used the recordings for different purposes and consider them useful for a variety of things, especially after missing a lecture.

Control of time-dependent biological processes by temporally patterned input

Temporal patterning of biological variables, in the form of oscillations and rhythms on many time scales, is ubiquitous. Altering the temporal pattern of an input variable greatly affects the output of many biological processes. We develop here a conceptual framework for a quantitative understanding of such pattern dependence, focusing particularly on nonlinear, saturable, time-dependent processes that abound in biophysics, biochemistry, and physiology. We show theoretically that pattern dependence is governed by the nonlinearity of the input–output transformation as well as its time constant. As a result, only patterns on certain time scales permit the expression of pattern dependence, and processes with different time constants can respond preferentially to different patterns. This has implications for temporal coding and decoding, and allows differential control of processes through pattern. We show how pattern dependence can be quantitatively predicted using only information from steady, unpatterned input. To apply our ideas, we analyze, in an experimental example, how muscle contraction depends on the pattern of motorneuron firing.

Cloning and functional expression of a cDNA encoding a pheromone gland-specific acyl-CoA Δ11-desaturase of the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni

Desaturation of coenzyme-A esters of saturated fatty acids is a common feature of sex pheromone biosynthetic pathways in the Lepidoptera. The enzymes that catalyze this step share several biochemical properties with the ubiquitous acyl-CoA Δ9-desaturases of animals and fungi, suggesting a common ancestral origin. Unlike metabolic acyl-CoA Δ9-desaturases, pheromone desaturases have evolved unusual regio- and stereoselective activities that contribute to the remarkable diversity of chemical structures used as pheromones in this large taxonomic group. In this report, we describe the isolation of a cDNA encoding a pheromone gland desaturase from the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni, a species in which all unsaturated pheromone products are produced via a Δ11Z-desaturation mechanism. The largest ORF of the ≈1,250-bp cDNA encodes a 349-aa apoprotein (PDesat-Tn Δ11Z) with a predicted molecular mass of 40,240 Da. Its hydrophobicity profile is similar overall to those of rat and yeast Δ9-desaturases, suggesting conserved transmembrane topology. A 182-aa core domain delimited by conserved histidine-rich motifs implicated in iron-binding and catalysis has 72 and 58% similarity (including conservative substitutions) to acyl-CoA Δ9Z-desaturases of rat and yeast, respectively. Northern blot analysis revealed an ≈1,250-nt PDesat-Tn Δ11Z mRNA that is consistent with the spatial and temporal distribution of Δ11-desaturase enzyme activity. Genetic transformation of a desaturase-deficient strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an expression plasmid encoding PDesat-Tn Δ11Z resulted in complementation of the strain’s fatty acid auxotrophy and the production of Δ11Z-unsaturated fatty acids.

Spindle Dynamics and the Role of γ-Tubulin in Early Caenorhabditis elegans EmbryosV⃞

γ-Tubulin is a ubiquitous and highly conserved component of centrosomes in eukaryotic cells. Genetic and biochemical studies have demonstrated that γ-tubulin functions as part of a complex to nucleate microtubule polymerization from centrosomes. We show that, as in other organisms, Caenorhabditis elegans γ-tubulin is concentrated in centrosomes. To study centrosome dynamics in embryos, we generated transgenic worms that express GFP::γ-tubulin or GFP::β-tubulin in the maternal germ line and early embryos. Multiphoton microscopy of embryos produced by these worms revealed the time course of daughter centrosome appearance and growth and the differential behavior of centrosomes destined for germ line and somatic blastomeres. To study the role of γ-tubulin in nucleation and organization of spindle microtubules, we used RNA interference (RNAi) to deplete C. elegans embryos of γ-tubulin. γ-Tubulin (RNAi) embryos failed in chromosome segregation, but surprisingly, they contained extensive microtubule arrays. Moderately affected embryos contained bipolar spindles with dense and long astral microtubule arrays but with poorly organized kinetochore and interpolar microtubules. Severely affected embryos contained collapsed spindles with numerous long astral microtubules. Our results suggest that γ-tubulin is not absolutely required for microtubule nucleation in C. elegans but is required for the normal organization and function of kinetochore and interpolar microtubules.

Phase separation in aqueous solutions of lens gamma-crystallins: special role of gamma s.

We have studied liquid-liquid phase separation in aqueous ternary solutions of calf lens gamma-crystallin proteins. Specifically, we have examined two ternary systems containing gamma s--namely, gamma IVa with gamma s in water and gamma II with gamma s in water. For each system, the phase-separation temperatures (Tph (phi)) alpha as a function of the overall protein volume fraction phi at various fixed compositions alpha (the "cloud-point curves") were measured. For the gamma IVa, gamma s, and water ternary solution, a binodal curve composed of pairs of coexisting points, (phi I, alpha 1) and (phi II, alpha II), at a fixed temperature (20 degrees C) was also determined. We observe that on the cloud-point curve the critical point is at a higher volume fraction than the maximum phase-separation temperature point. We also find that typically the difference in composition between the coexisting phases is at least as significant as the difference in volume fraction. We show that the asymmetric shape of the cloud-point curve is a consequence of this significant composition difference. Our observation that the phase-separation temperature of the mixtures in the high volume fraction region is strongly suppressed suggests that gamma s-crystallin may play an important role in maintaining the transparency of the lens.