El entrenamiento de la fuerza en el deporte de formación y su evidencia en el rendimiento técnico de patinadores pre púberes de Villavicencio

El propósito de este estudio fue investigar los efectos de dos formas de periodizar la carga (lineal y doble ondulada) en el entrenamiento de la fuerza sobre el rendimiento específico en patinadores de carreras pre-púberes. Doce (12) patinadoras de las categorías menores, con edades (9.5 años) estadio Tanner 1, integrantes del grupo de entrenamiento Speed Cats, con una edad deportiva promedio de 1,5 años, de la ciudad de Villavicencio, Colombia. Los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a cada uno de los dos grupos de la siguiente forma: el grupo periodización ondulatorio (n=5) y el grupo periodización lineal (n=7). Los resultados del estudio sugieren que para la prueba salida estática en las variables: velocidad y aceleración de (0-5 y de 5- 10metros), distancia de paso derecho e izquierdo y velocidad de paso derecho; la mayor ganancia porcentual se presentó en la periodización ondulante. La periodización lineal genero mayor ganancia en la variable velocidad paso izquierdo. Los resultados arrojados tras el análisis estadístico son determinantes demostrando que el grupo de periodización ondulatoria fue más efectiva en comparación del grupo de periodización lineal. La propuesta de intervención diseñada para el presente estudio fue optima, ya que ninguno de los deportistas que participaron en el desarrollo de la investigación no presentaron lesión durante y después de la aplicación de la intervención

El entrenamiento de la fuerza en el deporte de formación y su evidencia en el rendimiento técnico de patinadores pre púberes de Villavicencio

El propósito de este estudio fue investigar los efectos de dos formas de periodizar la carga (lineal y doble ondulada) en el entrenamiento de la fuerza sobre el rendimiento específico en patinadores de carreras pre-púberes. Doce (12) patinadoras de las categorías menores, con edades (9.5 años) estadio Tanner 1, integrantes del grupo de entrenamiento Speed Cats, con una edad deportiva promedio de 1,5 años, de la ciudad de Villavicencio, Colombia. Los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a cada uno de los dos grupos de la siguiente forma: el grupo periodización ondulatorio (n=5) y el grupo periodización lineal (n=7). Los resultados del estudio sugieren que para la prueba salida estática en las variables: velocidad y aceleración de (0-5 y de 5- 10metros), distancia de paso derecho e izquierdo y velocidad de paso derecho; la mayor ganancia porcentual se presentó en la periodización ondulante. La periodización lineal genero mayor ganancia en la variable velocidad paso izquierdo. Los resultados arrojados tras el análisis estadístico son determinantes demostrando que el grupo de periodización ondulatoria fue más efectiva en comparación del grupo de periodización lineal. La propuesta de intervención diseñada para el presente estudio fue optima, ya que ninguno de los deportistas que participaron en el desarrollo de la investigación no presentaron lesión durante y después de la aplicación de la intervención

El entrenamiento de la fuerza en el deporte de formación y su evidencia en el rendimiento técnico de patinadores pre púberes de Villavicencio

El propósito de este estudio fue investigar los efectos de dos formas de periodizar la carga (lineal y doble ondulada) en el entrenamiento de la fuerza sobre el rendimiento específico en patinadores de carreras pre-púberes. Doce (12) patinadoras de las categorías menores, con edades (9.5 años) estadio Tanner 1, integrantes del grupo de entrenamiento Speed Cats, con una edad deportiva promedio de 1,5 años, de la ciudad de Villavicencio, Colombia. Los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a cada uno de los dos grupos de la siguiente forma: el grupo periodización ondulatorio (n=5) y el grupo periodización lineal (n=7). Los resultados del estudio sugieren que para la prueba salida estática en las variables: velocidad y aceleración de (0-5 y de 5- 10metros), distancia de paso derecho e izquierdo y velocidad de paso derecho; la mayor ganancia porcentual se presentó en la periodización ondulante. La periodización lineal genero mayor ganancia en la variable velocidad paso izquierdo. Los resultados arrojados tras el análisis estadístico son determinantes demostrando que el grupo de periodización ondulatoria fue más efectiva en comparación del grupo de periodización lineal. La propuesta de intervención diseñada para el presente estudio fue optima, ya que ninguno de los deportistas que participaron en el desarrollo de la investigación no presentaron lesión durante y después de la aplicación de la intervención

Planktic foraminiferal abundance and stable oxygen isotope ratios of sediment cores from the Southern California Borderlands

A variety of evidence suggests that average sea surface temperatures (SSTs) during the last glacial maximum in the California Borderlands region were significantly colder than during the Holocene. Planktonic foraminiferal delta18O evidence and average SST estimates derived by the modern analog technique indicate that temperatures were 6°-10°C cooler during the last glacial relative to the present. The glacial plankton assemblage is dominated by the planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral coiling) and the coccolith Coccolithus pelagicus, both of which are currently restricted to subpolar regions of the North Pacific. The glacial-interglacial average SST change determined in this study is considerably larger than the 2°C change estimated by Climate: Long-Range Investigation, Mapping, and Prediction (CLIMAP) [1981]. We propose that a strengthened California Current flow was associated with the advance of subpolar surface waters into the Borderlands region during the last glacial.

Stable isotope stratigraphy of ODP Site 167-1014

Late Quaternary oxygen (d18O) and carbon (d13C) isotopic records for the benthic foraminifer Uvigerina and the planktonic foraminifer Globigerina bulloides are presented for the upper 20 meters composite depth sediment sequence of Ocean Drilling Program Site 1014, Tanner Basin, in the outer California Borderland province. The benthic oxygen isotopic record documents a continuous >160-k.y. sequence from marine isotope Stage (MIS) 6 to the present day. The record closely resembles other late Quaternary North Pacific benthic isotope records, as well as the well-dated deep-sea sequence (SPECMAP), and thus provides a detailed chronologic framework. Site 1014 provides a useful record of the California response to climate change as it enters the southern California Border-land. Sedimentation rates are relatively constant and high (~11.5 cm/k.y. ). The planktonic foraminiferal record is well pre-served except during marine isotope Substages 5b and 5d, when normally high G. bulloides abundance is strongly diminished as a result of dissolution. The planktonic oxygen isotopic shift of ~3 per mil between the last glacial maximum and the Holocene suggests a surface water temperature shift of <7°C, similar to estimates from Hole 893A (Leg 146) to the north. Unlike Santa Barbara Basin, G. bulloides d18O values during the last interglacial (MIS 5) at Site 1014 were significantly higher than during the Holocene. In particular, marine isotope Substage 5e (Eemian) was ~0.8 per mil higher. This is unlikely to reflect a cooler Eemian but is instead the result of preferential dissolution of thin-shelled (low d18O) specimens during this interval. In this mid-depth basin, a large benthic d18O shift during Termination I suggests dramatic temperature and salinity changes in response to switches in the source of North Pacific Intermediate Water. Although d13C values of the planktonic foraminifer G. bulloides are in disequilibria with seawater and hence interpretations are limited, the G. bulloides record exhibits several negative d13C excursions found at other sites in the region (Sites 1017 and 893). This indicates a response of G. bulloides d13C to regional surface water processes along the southern California margin. A general increase in benthic carbon isotopic values (-1.75 per mil to -0.75 per mil) in Tanner Basin during the last 200 k.y. is overprinted with smaller fluctuations correlated with climate change. The coolest intervals during the last glacial maximum (MISs 2 and 4) exhibit lower benthic d13C values, which correlate with global 13C shifts. The opposite relationship is exhibited during the last interglacial before 85 ka, when lower benthic d13C values are associated with warmer intervals (marine isotope Substages 5c and 5e) of the last interglacial. These time intervals were also marked by decreased intermediate water ventilation. Increased dissolution and organic accumulation during Substages 5b and 5d are anticorrelated with the benthic d13C record. These results suggest that a delicate balance in intermediate water d13C has existed between the relative influences of global 13C and regional ventilation changes at the 1165-m water depth of Site 1014.

Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of benthic foraminifers from ODP Site 167-1014 and Hole 167-1020C

Benthic foraminiferal stable isotope data are presented for Sites 1014 (Tanner Basin, 1176 m) and 1020 (Gorda Ridge, 3040 m) to constrain past changes in Pacific deep- and intermediate-water nutrient chemistry associated with the onset of large-amplitude 100-k.y. climate cycles after ~900 ka. The Site 1014 data were based on analyses of separate species of Cibicidoides, whereas only Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi was used to generate the Site 1020 record. The present data span 380-920 and 620-950 ka at Sites 1014 and 1020, respectively.

Seawater carbonate chemistry and processes during experiments with crabs Chionoecetes tanneri and Cancer magister, 2007

Rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide could be curbed by large-scale sequestration of CO2 in the deep sea. Such a solution requires prior assessment of the impact of hypercapnic, acidic seawater on deep-sea fauna. Laboratory studies were conducted to assess the short-term hypercapnic tolerance of the deep-sea Tanner crab Chionoecetes tanneri, collected from 1000 m depth in Monterey Canyon off the coast of central California, USA. Hemolymph acid- base parameters were monitored over 24 h of exposure to seawater equilibrated with ~1% CO2 (seawater PCO2 ~6 torr or 0.8 kPa, pH 7.1), and compared with those of the shallow-living Dungeness crab Cancer magister. Short-term hypercapnia-induced acidosis in the hemolymph of Chionoecetes tanneri was almost uncompensated, with a net 24 h pH reduction of 0.32 units and a net bicarbonate accumulation of only 3 mM. Under simultaneous hypercapnia and hypoxia, short-term extracellular acidosis in Chionoecetes tanneri was completely uncompensated. In contrast, Cancer magister fully recovered its hemolymph pH over 24 h of hypercapnic exposure by net accumulation of 12 mM bicarbonate from the surrounding medium. The data support the hypothesis that deep-sea animals, which are adapted to a stable environment and exhibit reduced metabolic rates, lack the short-term acid-base regulatory capacity to cope with the acute hypercapnic stress that would accompany large-scale CO2 sequestration. Additionally, the data indicate that sequestration in oxygen-poor areas of the ocean would be even more detrimental to deep-sea fauna.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from the Albatross 1884 stations

he exploration of the Gulf Stream region was continued in 1884, under nearly the same conditions as in 1883, by the steamer Albatross, Lieut. Z. L. Tanner, commander. During the four trips, between July 20 and Sept. 13, sixty nine dredgings (at stations 2170 to 2238) were made. The results were highly satisfactory, both in the way of physical observatidns and zoological discoveries. In some localities, in 1000 to 1600 fathoms, the bottom was found covered with 0or largely composed of hard, very irregular, flattened, crust-like concretions of clay and iron-oxide, with more or less manganese?oxide in the crevices and worm-burrows with which they are filled. Sometimes a barrel-full, or more, of such masses were brought up, varying in size from a few ounces up to 20 pounds or more in weight alld from one inch to six inches in thickness.

Ocean acidification alters the material properties of Mytilus edulis shells

Ocean acidification (OA) and the resultant changing carbonate saturation states is threatening the formation of calcium carbonate shells and exoskeletons of marine organisms. The production of biominerals in such organisms relies on the availability of carbonate and the ability of the organism to biomineralize in changing environments. To understand how biomineralizers will respond to OA the common blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, was cultured at projected levels of pCO2 (380, 550, 750, 1000 µatm) and increased temperatures (ambient, ambient plus 2°C). Nanoindentation (a single mussel shell) and microhardness testing were used to assess the material properties of the shells. Young's modulus (E), hardness (H) and toughness (KIC) were measured in mussel shells grown in multiple stressor conditions. OA caused mussels to produce shell calcite that is stiffer (higher modulus of elasticity) and harder than shells grown in control conditions. The outer shell (calcite) is more brittle in OA conditions while the inner shell (aragonite) is softer and less stiff in shells grown under OA conditions. Combining increasing ocean pCO2 and temperatures as projected for future global ocean appears to reduce the impact of increasing pCO2 on the material properties of the mussel shell. OA may cause changes in shell material properties that could prove problematic under predation scenarios for the mussels; however, this may be partially mitigated by increasing temperature.