Les débuts de la critique dramatique au Québec (1870-1896) : un contexte difficile

Perçue comme organisation institutionnelle, l'activité théâtrale peut être divisée en quatre grands secteurs (ou instances) : la production, la distribution, la consommation et la légitimation. À l'intérieur de chacun de ces secteurs, différents agents assument des fonctions précises et complémentaires : interpréter, écrire, produire, distribuer, regarder, juger, etc. Dans ce partage des responsabilités et des pouvoirs, la critique joue un rôle complexe dont l'importance et la pertinence varient selon les époques et les lieux. La critique relève de l'instance de légitimation. Dans une société organisée et hiérarchisée (comme la France du XIXe siècle), elle s'exprime autant dans les grands journaux que dans les périodiques spécialisés et les ouvrages érudits. Elle constitue la première étape de l'oeuvre dramatique vers sa consécration. Les académies, par leurs prix et leurs concours, et l'École, par la mise au programme de certains textes, assurent le couronnement définitif des oeuvres et des auteurs. Le Québec de la fin du XIXe siècle ne dispose pas d'une instance de légitimation aussi structurée. Son organisation interne et sa situation géographique le soumettent à des pressions si variées et si nombreuses qu'il doit continuellement chercher à l'extérieur de ses frontières le pouvoir de consécration qui lui manque. Il n'a pas d'académie, pas de grand concours dramatique (d'écriture ou d'interprétation), et les sommités qui remplissent les rares chaires littéraires des universités Laval de Québec et de Montréal sont des Français de passage. On pourrait donc croire qu'en raison de l'absence d'autres agents, la critique locale aurait envahi tout le champ de la légitimation et assumé seule le couronnement des oeuvres et des auteurs au Québec. Mais il n'en fut rien! [Introduction]

Évaluation des besoins d’informations des intervenants en protection de la jeunesse

Domaine en plein développement, le transfert des connaissances (TC) se définit, comme l’ensemble des activités, des mécanismes et des processus favorisant l’utilisation de connaissances pertinentes (tacites et empiriques) par un public cible tel que les intervenants psychosociaux. Cette recherche vise à améliorer l’efficacité des méthodes linéaires écrites de TC en identifiant mieux les besoins d’information des intervenants en protection de la jeunesse. Notons que les méthodes linéaires écrites de TC désignent des outils d’information écrits unidirectionnels tels que les revues, les publications, les sites Internet, etc. Le premier objectif est de déterminer les catégories de besoins exprimés par les intervenants, c’est-à-dire déterminer si les besoins rapportés par des intervenants se regroupent en types ou sortes de besoins. Le deuxième objectif est d’établir l’importance relative de chacune de ces catégories. Enfin, cette étude vise à déterminer si ces besoins diffèrent selon les caractéristiques des intervenants ou de l’environnement. Deux facteurs sont étudiés, l’expérience de l’intervenant et la direction pour laquelle celui-ci travaille (Direction des services milieu à l’enfance ou Direction des services milieu à l’adolescence et ressources). Un devis mixte séquentiel exploratoire a été développé. Lors de la première étape, une analyse thématique a été effectuée à partir des réponses à une question ouverte posée aux membres de trois équipes et à partir d’un document résumant les requêtes effectuées auprès de l’équipe de la bibliothèque du Centre jeunesse de Montréal. Les résultats permettent de répondre au premier objectif de ce mémoire. En effet, les analyses ont permis de créer un arbre thématique comprenant 42 éléments classés hiérarchiquement. Les besoins se regroupent en deux thèmes généraux, soit les besoins qui concernent les « opérations » (c’est-à-dire l’action de l’intervenant) et les besoins concernant les « systèmes » (c’est-à-dire les éléments sur lesquels peuvent porter l’intervention). Cette dernière catégorie se subdivise entre l’usager, ses environnements et le contexte culturel et sociétal. Lors de la deuxième étape, une analyse de la variance (ANOVA) et une analyse de variance multivariée (MANOVA) ont été effectuées à partir des réponses de 82 intervenants à un questionnaire en ligne structuré selon les catégories de besoins d’informations déterminées à l’étape qualitative précédente. Les résultats permettent de répondre au deuxième objectif de ce mémoire et de mesurer le degré de force ou d’importance de chacune des catégories de besoins, identifiées lors de la première étape, selon les intervenants eux-mêmes. Les besoins ont ainsi pu être classés par ordre décroissant d’importance. Il a été possible de définir un groupe de neuf besoins prioritaires (portant sur l’animation, les caractéristiques personnelles des usagers, les caractéristiques des parents et leurs relations avec l’enfant, ainsi que l’intervention interculturelle et les problématiques sociales) et un autre groupe de sept besoins moins élevés (portant sur les autres « opérations » et les services professionnels dont a bénéficié l’usager). L’interprétation de ces résultats indique que les besoins en TC des intervenants se limitent aux informations qui concernent directement leur mandat, leur pratique ou les problématiques rencontrées. Les résultats de cette étape ont également permis de répondre au troisième objectif de ce mémoire. En effet, les résultats indiquent que l’importance ressentie des besoins (sur une échelle de 1 à 7) ne diffère pas significativement selon la direction pour laquelle travaille l’intervenant, mais elle diffère significativement selon l’expérience de ce dernier (moins de 10 ans ou plus de 10 ans). Cette différence est discutée et plusieurs hypothèses explicatives sont envisagées telles que l’accumulation de connaissances liée à l’expérience ou les changements cognitifs liés à l’expertise. Enfin, dans la discussion, les résultats sont mis en contexte parmi les autres types de besoins existants et les autres caractéristiques des connaissances qui doivent être prises en considération. Cela permet de formuler des recommandations pour améliorer la production de documents écrits ainsi que pour poursuivre la recherche dans le domaine de l’évaluation des besoins de TC. Bien que présentant certaines limites méthodologiques, cette recherche ouvre la voie au développement de meilleurs outils d’évaluation des besoins et à l’amélioration des techniques de transfert linéaires écrites.

Clinical methods for quantifying body segment posture: a literature review

Purpose. Clinicians commonly assess posture in persons with musculoskeletal disorders and tend to do so subjectively. Evidence-based practice requires the use of valid, reliable and sensitive tools to monitor treatment effectiveness. The purpose of this article was to determine which methods were used to assess posture quantitatively in a clinical setting and to identify psychometric properties of posture indices measured from these methods or tools. Methods. We conducted a comprehensive literature review. Pertinent databases were used to search for articles on quantitative clinical assessment of posture. Searching keywords were related to posture and assessment, scoliosis, back pain, reliability, validity and different body segments. Results. We identified 65 articles with angle and distance posture indices that corresponded to our search criteria. Several studies showed good intra- and inter-rater reliability for measurements taken directly on the persons (e.g., goniometer, inclinometer, flexible curve and tape measurement) or from photographs, but the validity of these measurements was not always demonstrated. Conclusion. Taking measurements of all body angles directly on the person is a lengthy process and may affect the reliability of the measurements. Measurement of body angles from photographs may be the most accurate and rapid way to assess global posture quantitatively in a clinical setting.

L'implication de la Cycline B dans le processus de cytocinèse

Un dérèglement du cycle cellulaire peut causer le cancer. Lors de la cytocinèse un anneau contractile d’actine et de myosine se forme, se contracte, et donne un anneau du midbody qui mène à l’abscision. Le processus de cytocinèse est sous le contrôle de protéines telles que la GTPase Rho qui active la cytocinèse et les cyclines-Cdks qui l'inhibent. La Drosophile possède 3 cyclines mitotiques CycA/ CycB/ CycB3 qui sont successivement dégradées en fin de mitose et permettent l'initiation de la cytocinèse. La dernière étape d’abscission est un phénomène qui reste encore peu connu. Les protéines Vps4 et CHMP4C liées à ANCHR vont, sous la dépendance de la kinase Aurora B, promouvoir l’abscision mais, suite à quelques études récentes, il semble y avoir une implication de la cycline B. Ici, le but était de tester l’implication de cette cycline dans les processus de cytocinèse et d’abscision, elle a été menée par microscopie à haute résolution en temps réel avec des cellules S2 de l’organisme Drosophila melanogaster par le suivi de protéines recombinantes fluorescentes. L’étude a été divisée en deux axes : gain et perte de fonction par l’intermédiaire respectivement de la protéine Cycline B recombinante stable, non dégradable (CycBstable-GFP) et l’inhibition par l’utilisation d’ARN double brin (ARNdb) sur l’endogène. La CycBstable-GFP a perturbé la cytocinèse en induisant plusieurs anneaux contractiles et midbodies. En revanche la réduction de l’expression de CycB n'a pas eu d’effet observable, et elle ne semble pas avoir d’action sur l’abscission malgré le recrutement de CycB-GFP au midbody tardif. En revanche la protéine Cdk1 semble avoir un rôle dans l'abscision puisque sa réduction d’expression a induit un délai. Elle a donc une implication potentielle sur la cytocinèse.

Impact des cavines sur le phénotype invasif et inflammatoire des cellules souches mésenchymateuses

L’évolution d’une cellule tumorale initiée à une tumeur solide nécessite, à chaque étape, un microenvironnement favorable à sa survie et à sa croissance. Le microenvironnement tumoral est comparé à un foyer d’inflammation chronique dont la composition cellulaire et moléculaire est complexe. Les cellules souches mésenchymateuses (CSM) représentent l’un des principaux acteurs cellulaires présents. Elles migrent vers les sites tumoraux où elles soutiennent l’inflammation, l’angiogenèse et le développement tumoral en activant plusieurs voies de signalisation. Une des voies majeures qui contribuent à l’inflammation est la voie de signalisation NF-B. L’initiation de cette voie provient de la membrane cellulaire entre autres des cavéoles. Nous soumettons l’hypothèse que l’une des cavines, protéines associées aux cavéoles, modulerait le phénotype inflammatoire etou migratoire dans les CSM traitées à la cytokine TNF- (facteur de nécrose tumorale ) en modulant la voie de signalisation NF-B. En effet, nous avons observé une régulation à la hausse de l’expression de la COX-2 (cyclooxygénase-2) et une diminution de l’expression d’IκB qui sont synonymes de l’activation de la voie NF-B dans les CSM que nous avons traitées au TNF-. Nous avons trouvé que le TNF- induit la migration des CSM, et que la répression génique de la Cavine-2 augmente significativement la migration des CSM traitées par le TNF-. La répression génique de la Cavine-2 vient aussi amplifier la tubulogenèse dans les CSM en réponse au TNF-. D’un point de vue moléculaire, la répression génique de la Cavine-2 a montré une très forte amplification de l'expression protéique de la COX-2 dans les CSM en réponse au TNF-. Dans ces mêmes cellules où la Cavine-2 a été réprimée, et suite à un traitement au TNF-, le pic de phosphorylation est plus intense et la courbe de phosphorylation est plus prolongée dans le temps. Ces observations nous permettent d’affirmer que la Cavine-2 a un rôle répresseur sur l’expression de COX-2. Collectivement, nos résultats montrent que la Cavine-2 peut être proposée comme un gène suppresseur de tumeur et est de ce fait, une bonne cible thérapeutique dans les CSM qui permettraient d’agir à des stades précoces du développement tumoral.

Characterization of Selected Photonic Materials and Systems Using Photoacoustic Technique

The photoacoustic investigations carried out on different photonic materials are presented in this thesis. Photonic materials selected for the investigation are tape cast ceramics, muItilayer dielectric coatings, organic dye doped PVA films and PMMA matrix doped with dye mixtures. The studies are performed by the measurement of photoacoustic signal generated as a result of modulated cw laser irradiation of samples. The gas-microphone scheme is employed for the detection of photoacoustic signal. The different measurements reported here reveal the adaptability and utility of the PA technique for the characterization of photonic materials.Ceramics find applications in the field of microelectronics industry. Tape cast ceramics are the building blocks of many electronic components and certain ceramic tapes are used as thermal barriers. The thermal parameters of these tapes will not be the same as that of thin films of the same materials. Parameters are influenced by the presence of foreign bodies in the matrix and the sample preparation technique. Measurements are done on ceramic tapes of Zirconia, Zirconia-Alumina combination, barium titanate, barium tin titanate, silicon carbide, lead zirconate titanateil'Z'T) and lead magnesium niobate titanate(PMNPT). Various configurations viz. heat reflection geometry and heat transmission geometry of the photoacoustic technique have been used for the evaluation of different thermal parameters of the sample. Heat reflection geometry of the PA cell has been used for the evaluation of thermal effusivity and heat transmission geometry has been made use of in the evaluation of thermal diffusivity. From the thermal diffusivity and thermal effusivity values, thermal conductivity is also calculated. The calculated values are nearly the same as the values reported for pure materials. This shows the feasibility of photoacoustic technique for the thermal characterization of ceramic tapes.Organic dyes find applications as holographic recording medium and as active media for laser operations. Knowledge of the photochemical stability of the material is essential if it has to be used tor any of these applications. Mixing one dye with another can change the properties of the resulting system. Through careful mixing of the dyes in appropriate proportions and incorporating them in polymer matrices, media of required stability can be prepared. Investigations are carried out on Rhodamine 6GRhodamine B mixture doped PMMA samples. Addition of RhB in small amounts is found to stabilize Rh6G against photodegradation and addition of Rh6G into RhB increases the photosensitivity of the latter. The PA technique has been successfully employed for the monitoring of dye mixture doped PMMA sample. The same technique has been used for the monitoring of photodegradation ofa laser dye, cresyl violet doped polyvinyl alcohol also.Another important application of photoacoustic technique is in nondestructive evaluation of layered samples. Depth profiling capability of PA technique has been used for the non-destructive testing of multilayer dielectric films, which are highly reflecting in the wavelength range selected for investigations. Eventhough calculation of thickness of the film is not possible, number of layers present in the system can be found out using PA technique. The phase plot has clear step like discontinuities, the number of which coincides with the number of layers present in the multilayer stack. This shows the sensitivity of PA signal phase to boundaries in a layered structure. This aspect of PA signal can be utilized in non-destructive depth profiling of reflecting samples and for the identification of defects in layered structures.

Gill Nets of Kerala

The fishing industry the world over is passing through a critical situation.The landings of marine fishes seemed to have reached saturation in major fishing areas of the world.As a general rule fisheries employing fishing gear and techniques used by small scale and artisanal fishermen either from shore or from onboard small fishing craft come under small-scale fisheries.This study on gill nets of Kerala, the fishing method depended upon by maximum fishermen of the state focuses on the importance of this selective and low energy fishing method in the marine fishing sector of the state.The study opens with the conceptual framework by briefly reviewing the crisis in the marine fisheries sector. Maximum fishermen depend upon gill net, which is, an important selective and low energy fishing gear. A review of relevant literature on aspects such as material, selectivity and techno-economic efficiency together with scope and main objectives of the study form the major part of the compass of the introductory chapter.This survey provided the inputs for selection of centres. The chapter presents the basis for selection of sample centres, sample units and methodology for field and experimental study.The subject matter of the fourth chapter is a basic study on gear aterials. The weathering resistance, which is an important criterion to assess the material performance, was studied for polyamide monofilament in comparison to polyamide multifilament and polyethylene twisted monofilament.The study provides supporting evidence of oxidation and characteristic C-O stretching in polyethylene and cyclic lactam .formation and presence of OH in polyamide.The study indicates that small mesh gill netting can be encouraged as a selective fishing method in the inshore waters with restrained use of 30 and 32 mm mesh sizes. The economic efficiency was assessed using standard indices such as rate of return, internal rate of return, pay back period, fishery income, energy efficiency and factor productivity. The effect of size and cost of capital and cost of production on the economics of operation is also discussed in this chapter. It was observed that level of technology did not have direct effect on economic performance.

Studies on energy exchange between sea and atmosphere from the indian ocean with special reference to arabian sea and bay of bengal

There are only a few attempts in the Indian ocean to evolve reliable climatic models of energy exchange fluxes and to study their inter annul variations. Large space scale and time history of the flux fields could be estimated by the bulk aerodynamic exchange and radiation equation, making use of the climatic normal’s of the related parameters derived from the remarkably good amount of surface marine observations compiled and made available on magnetic tape TDF II by the national climatic centre of NOAA for the period of years 1854 –early 1973. In this thesis the author has made an attempt to calculate the thermal energy exchange fluxes in a meaningful way, using the bulk aerodynamic coefficients which depend on the changes in the wind speed. The spatial and temporal distribution of the exchanges of energy between the ocean and atmosphere , are presented and their impact on the climatic variations of the Indian ocean are discussed from the point of view of predominating air sea interaction processes.

An investigation on the effects of Ag addition in the powder — in tube processing of long multifilamentary (Bi,Pb) - 2223/Ag superconducting tapes

It is important that long superconducting tape must have desired strain tolerance (less reduction of Jc with applied strains) and stress tolerance (less reduction of JC in applied stresses) for its use as coils and magnets. Ag addition to the BPSCCO system has many advantages with its physical and chemical inertness to the system, reduces the processing temperature, and promotes the grain growth, grain alignment and connectivity. All these not only enhance the critical current density of the tapes but also improve the mechanical properties. But the published results show very much scattering on the type of Ag additive to be selected, method of addition and its optimum percentage. Also there are some negative reports in this regard. The present work has been undertaken to study the effect of silver addition in different forms (Ag powder, Ag2O, AgNO3) on the superconducting and mechanical properties of (Bi,Pb)-2223/Ag tapes and to find out a suitable form of Ag additive and its optimum percentage to have better superconducting and mechanical properties. Also it is the aim of the present work is to optimise the process parameters needed to prepare (Bi,Pb)-2223/Ag multifilamentary tapes of length ~ 12 m in solenoid and pancake coil forms with good critical current density and homogeneity of J C along the length of the tapes.

Studies On Preparation And Characterization Of Hts Current Leads Using Multifilamentary Ag And Ag-Alloy Sheathed (Bi,Pb)-2223 Superconducting Tapes

The application vistas of superconductors have widened very much since the discovery of high TC superconductors (HTS) as many of the applications can be realised at 77 K rather than going down to 4.2 K, the liquid He temperature. One such application is the HTS current lead which is used to connect a superconducting system with a room temperature power source. Minimising heat leak to the cryogenic environment is the main advantage of introducing current leads into superconducting systems. The properties of HTSS likes zero resistance (avoiding joule heating) and very low thermal conductivity (minimized conductive heat transfer) make them ideal candidates to be used as current leads. There are two forms of HTS current leads. (i) bulk form (tube or rod) prepared either from YBCO or BSCCO and (ii) tape form prepared from Bi-2223 multifilamentary tapes. The tape form of current leads has many advantages with respect to the mechanical and thermal stability related criteria. Crucial information on various aspects of HTS current lead development are not available in the literature as those are kept proprietary by various companies around the world. The present work has been undertaken to tailor the properties of multifilamentary tapes for the current lead application and to optimise the processing parameters of the same for enhanced critical current density and field tolerance. Also it is the aim of the present investigation is to prepare prototype current leads engineered for operation in conduction cooled mode and test them for operational stability

Mini-trawls for Estuarine Fishing Kasargod District

Mi ni -trawls are operated by the artisanal fishermen from small wooden non-motorised canoes. Shrimp, fish and crab trawls wi th head rope length rang ing from 3.5-8 m, made of Po lyethy lene mon ofila ment (PE) twisted and Polyamide mullifilament (PA) rigged to 6-7 kll fla t rectangular wooden otter boards are common in the lower reaches of Kariango de and Chandrag iri rive rs. Since the trawling speed is less, ca tch is do minated by crus taceans. Less scope ratio also may be affecting the catching efficiency of the gear. This pape r deals with the design, operation and economics of mini traw ling carried out by a group of fisherme n in the above rivers of Kasargod district Kerala state.

Tailoring Magnetic Properties of Co-Fe Thin Films by Topographical Modifications Using Thermal Annealing and Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation and Fabrication of Magnetoelectric Multilayers for Device Applications

Magnetism and magnetic materials have been playing a lead role in improving the quality of life. They are increasingly being used in a wide variety of applications ranging from compasses to modern technological devices. Metallic glasses occupy an important position among magnetic materials. They assume importance both from a scientific and an application point of view since they represent an amorphous form of condensed matter with significant deviation from thermodynamic equilibrium. Metallic glasses having good soft magnetic properties are widely used in tape recorder heads, cores of high-power transformers and metallic shields. Superconducting metallic glasses are being used to produce high magnetic fields and magnetic levitation effect. Upon heat treatment, they undergo structural relaxation leading to subtle rearrangements of constituent atoms. This leads to densification of amorphous phase and subsequent nanocrystallisation. The short-range structural relaxation phenomenon gives rise to significant variations in physical, mechanical and magnetic properties. Magnetic amorphous alloys of Co-Fe exhibit excellent soft magnetic properties which make them promising candidates for applications as transformer cores, sensors, and actuators. With the advent of microminiaturization and nanotechnology, thin film forms of these alloys are sought after for soft under layers for perpendicular recording media. The thin film forms of these alloys can also be used for fabrication of magnetic micro electro mechanical systems (magnetic MEMS). In bulk, they are drawn in the form of ribbons, often by melt spinning. The main constituents of these alloys are Co, Fe, Ni, Si, Mo and B. Mo acts as the grain growth inhibitor and Si and B facilitate the amorphous nature in the alloy structure. The ferromagnetic phases such as Co-Fe and Fe-Ni in the alloy composition determine the soft magnetic properties. The grain correlation length, a measure of the grain size, often determines the soft magnetic properties of these alloys. Amorphous alloys could be restructured in to their nanocrystalline counterparts by different techniques. The structure of nanocrystalline material consists of nanosized ferromagnetic crystallites embedded in an amorphous matrix. When the amorphous phase is ferromagnetic, they facilitate exchange coupling between nanocrystallites. This exchange coupling results in the vanishing of magnetocrystalline anisotropy which improves the soft magnetic properties. From a fundamental perspective, exchange correlation length and grain size are the deciding factors that determine the magnetic properties of these nanocrystalline materials. In thin films, surfaces and interfaces predominantly decides the bulk property and hence tailoring the surface roughness and morphology of the film could result in modified magnetic properties. Surface modifications can be achieved by thermal annealing at various temperatures. Ion irradiation is an alternative tool to modify the surface/structural properties. The surface evolution of a thin film under swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation is an outcome of different competing mechanism. It could be sputtering induced by SHI followed by surface roughening process and the material transport induced smoothening process. The impingement of ions with different fluence on the alloy is bound to produce systematic microstructural changes and this could effectively be used for tailoring magnetic parameters namely coercivity, saturation magnetization, magnetic permeability and remanence of these materials. Swift heavy ion irradiation is a novel and an ingenious tool for surface modification which eventually will lead to changes in the bulk as well as surface magnetic property. SHI has been widely used as a method for the creation of latent tracks in thin films. The bombardment of SHI modifies the surfaces or interfaces or creates defects, which induces strain in the film. These changes will have profound influence on the magnetic anisotropy and the magnetisation of the specimen. Thus inducing structural and morphological changes by thermal annealing and swift heavy ion irradiation, which in turn induce changes in the magnetic properties of these alloys, is one of the motivation of this study. Multiferroic and magneto-electrics is a class of functional materials with wide application potential and are of great interest to material scientists and engineers. Magnetoelectric materials combine both magnetic as well as ferroelectric properties in a single specimen. The dielectric properties of such materials can be controlled by the application of an external magnetic field and the magnetic properties by an electric field. Composites with magnetic and piezo/ferroelectric individual phases are found to have strong magnetoelectric (ME) response at room temperature and hence are preferred to single phasic multiferroic materials. Currently research in this class of materials is towards optimization of the ME coupling by tailoring the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive properties of the two individual components of ME composites. The magnetoelectric coupling constant (MECC) (_ ME) is the parameter that decides the extent of interdependence of magnetic and electric response of the composite structure. Extensive investigates have been carried out in bulk composites possessing on giant ME coupling. These materials are fabricated by either gluing the individual components to each other or mixing the magnetic material to a piezoelectric matrix. The most extensively investigated material combinations are Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) or Lead Magnesium Niobate-Lead Titanate (PMNPT) as the piezoelectric, and Terfenol-D as the magnetostrictive phase and the coupling is measured in different configurations like transverse, longitudinal and inplane longitudinal. Fabrication of a lead free multiferroic composite with a strong ME response is the need of the hour from a device application point of view. The multilayer structure is expected to be far superior to bulk composites in terms of ME coupling since the piezoelectric (PE) layer can easily be poled electrically to enhance the piezoelectricity and hence the ME effect. The giant magnetostriction reported in the Co-Fe thin films makes it an ideal candidate for the ferromagnetic component and BaTiO3 which is a well known ferroelectric material with improved piezoelectric properties as the ferroelectric component. The multilayer structure of BaTiO3- CoFe- BaTiO3 is an ideal system to understand the underlying fundamental physics behind the ME coupling mechanism. Giant magnetoelectric coupling coefficient is anticipated for these multilayer structures of BaTiO3-CoFe-BaTiO3. This makes it an ideal candidate for cantilever applications in magnetic MEMS/NEMS devices. SrTiO3 is an incipient ferroelectric material which is paraelectric up to 0K in its pure unstressed form. Recently few studies showed that ferroelectricity can be induced by application of stress or by chemical / isotopic substitution. The search for room temperature magnetoelectric coupling in SrTiO3-CoFe-SrTiO3 multilayer structures is of fundamental interest. Yet another motivation of the present work is to fabricate multilayer structures consisting of CoFe/ BaTiO3 and CoFe/ SrTiO3 for possible giant ME coupling coefficient (MECC) values. These are lead free and hence promising candidates for MEMS applications. The elucidation of mechanism for the giant MECC also will be the part of the objective of this investigation.

Restarting automata with restricted utilization of auxiliary symbols

The restarting automaton is a restricted model of computation that was introduced by Jancar et al. to model the so-called analysis by reduction, which is a technique used in linguistics to analyze sentences of natural languages. The most general models of restarting automata make use of auxiliary symbols in their rewrite operations, although this ability does not directly correspond to any aspect of the analysis by reduction. Here we put restrictions on the way in which restarting automata use auxiliary symbols, and we investigate the influence of these restrictions on their expressive power. In fact, we consider two types of restrictions. First, we consider the number of auxiliary symbols in the tape alphabet of a restarting automaton as a measure of its descriptional complexity. Secondly, we consider the number of occurrences of auxiliary symbols on the tape as a dynamic complexity measure. We establish some lower and upper bounds with respect to these complexity measures concerning the ability of restarting automata to recognize the (deterministic) context-free languages and some of their subclasses.

Shrinking restarting automata

Restarting automata are a restricted model of computation that was introduced by Jancar et.al. to model the so-called analysis by reduction. A computation of a restarting automaton consists of a sequence of cycles such that in each cycle the automaton performs exactly one rewrite step, which replaces a small part of the tape content by another, even shorter word. Thus, each language accepted by a restarting automaton belongs to the complexity class $CSL cap NP$. Here we consider a natural generalization of this model, called shrinking restarting automaton, where we do no longer insist on the requirement that each rewrite step decreases the length of the tape content. Instead we require that there exists a weight function such that each rewrite step decreases the weight of the tape content with respect to that function. The language accepted by such an automaton still belongs to the complexity class $CSL cap NP$. While it is still unknown whether the two most general types of one-way restarting automata, the RWW-automaton and the RRWW-automaton, differ in their expressive power, we will see that the classes of languages accepted by the shrinking RWW-automaton and the shrinking RRWW-automaton coincide. As a consequence of our proof, it turns out that there exists a reduction by morphisms from the language class $cL(RRWW)$ to the class $cL(RWW)$. Further, we will see that the shrinking restarting automaton is a rather robust model of computation. Finally, we will relate shrinking RRWW-automata to finite-change automata. This will lead to some new insights into the relationships between the classes of languages characterized by (shrinking) restarting automata and some well-known time and space complexity classes.

Fourier-Matrizen und Ringe mit Basis

Bei der Bestimmung der irreduziblen Charaktere einer Gruppe vom Lie-Typ entwickelte Lusztig eine Theorie, in der eine sogenannte Fourier-Transformation auftaucht. Dies ist eine Matrix, die nur von der Weylgruppe der Gruppe vom Lie-Typ abhängt. Anhand der Eigenschaften, die eine solche Fourier- Matrix erfüllen muß, haben Geck und Malle ein Axiomensystem aufgestellt. Dieses ermöglichte es Broue, Malle und Michel füur die Spetses, über die noch vieles unbekannt ist, Fourier-Matrizen zu bestimmen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist eine Untersuchung und neue Interpretation dieser Fourier-Matrizen, die hoffentlich weitere Informationen zu den Spetses liefert. Die Werkzeuge, die dabei entstehen, sind sehr vielseitig verwendbar, denn diese Matrizen entsprechen gewissen Z-Algebren, die im Wesentlichen die Eigenschaften von Tafelalgebren besitzen. Diese spielen in der Darstellungstheorie eine wichtige Rolle, weil z.B. Darstellungsringe Tafelalgebren sind. In der Theorie der Kac-Moody-Algebren gibt es die sogenannte Kac-Peterson-Matrix, die auch die Eigenschaften unserer Fourier-Matrizen besitzt. Ein wichtiges Resultat dieser Arbeit ist, daß die Fourier-Matrizen, die G. Malle zu den imprimitiven komplexen Spiegelungsgruppen definiert, die Eigenschaft besitzen, daß die Strukturkonstanten der zugehörigen Algebren ganze Zahlen sind. Dazu müssen äußere Produkte von Gruppenringen von zyklischen Gruppen untersucht werden. Außerdem gibt es einen Zusammenhang zu den Kac-Peterson-Matrizen: Wir beweisen, daß wir durch Bildung äußerer Produkte von den Matrizen vom Typ A(1)1 zu denen vom Typ C(1) l gelangen. Lusztig erkannte, daß manche seiner Fourier-Matrizen zum Darstellungsring des Quantendoppels einer endlichen Gruppe gehören. Deswegen ist es naheliegend zu versuchen, die noch ungeklärten Matrizen als solche zu identifizieren. Coste, Gannon und Ruelle untersuchen diesen Darstellungsring. Sie stellen eine Reihe von wichtigen Fragen. Eine dieser Fragen beantworten wir, nämlich inwieweit rekonstruiert werden kann, zu welcher endlichen Gruppe gegebene Matrizen gehören. Den Darstellungsring des getwisteten Quantendoppels berechnen wir für viele Beispiele am Computer. Dazu müssen unter anderem Elemente aus der dritten Kohomologie-Gruppe H3(G,C×) explizit berechnet werden, was bisher anscheinend in noch keinem Computeralgebra-System implementiert wurde. Leider ergibt sich hierbei kein Zusammenhang zu den von Spetses herrührenden Matrizen. Die Werkzeuge, die in der Arbeit entwickelt werden, ermöglichen eine strukturelle Zerlegung der Z-Ringe mit Basis in bekannte Anteile. So können wir für die meisten Matrizen der Spetses Konstruktionen angeben: Die zugehörigen Z-Algebren sind Faktorringe von Tensorprodukten von affinen Ringe Charakterringen und von Darstellungsringen von Quantendoppeln.