912 resultados para Streptococcal Vaccines


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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

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A utilização do antígeno Vi em vacinas é bastante promissor devido a este proporcionar um alto nível de imunidade em vacinas parenterais. A necessidade pela busca por alternativas para administração de vacinas levou à aplicação da tecnologia da liberação controlada de fármacos no campo da imunização. Nestes sistemas de liberação controlada, as doses administradas são diminuídas, porém o período de imunidade aumenta, já que prolonga a quantidade liberada do antígeno ao longo do tempo. O presente estudo propôs desenvolver e caracterizar um sistema de liberação controlada contendo antígeno Vi, utilizando como polímero veiculador a quitosana. As técnicas de RMN H-1 e espectroscopia de infravermelho mostraram que o método de extração do antígeno Vi empregado foi satisfatório qualitativamente. A caracterização da quitosana e das nanopartículas através de ensaios de análise térmica mostrou maior estabilidade das partículas em relação à quitosana, além do aumento da temperatura de degradação nas nanopartículas à medida que aumenta a concentração da quitosana. Em relação ao potencial zeta todas as nanopartículas tiveram cargas positivas em pH 7,2, enquanto que, no tamanho, as partículas foram menores à medida que aumentou a quantidade de quitosana no sistema. Na microscopia eletrônica de transmissão, as partículas mostraram-se morfologicamente homogêneas e com formato esférico. Na cinética de adsorção o antígeno, contido em solução, sofreu uma adsorção de 55% nas partículas de quitosana. Com isso, observou-se que é possível criar um sistema de liberação controlada envolvendo nanopartículas de quitosana e antígeno Vi de Salmonella enterica sorotipo Typhi.

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OBJETIVO: Determinar a segurança, imunogenicidade e eficácia de duas doses da vacina contra o rotavírus em lactentes brasileiros saudáveis. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo randomizado, multicêntrico, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo no Brasil, México e Venezuela. Os lactentes receberam duas doses orais de vacina ou placebo aos 2 e 4 meses de idade, juntamente com as imunizações de rotina, exceto a vacina oral contra poliomielite (VOP). O presente estudo relata apenas os resultados obtidos em Belém, Brasil, onde o número de indivíduos por grupo e os títulos da vacina viral foram os seguintes: 194 (104,7 unidades formadoras de focos - UFF), 196 (105,2 UFF), 194 (105,8UFF) e 194 (placebo). A resposta de anticorpos anti-rotavírus (anti-RV) foi avaliada em 307 indivíduos. A gravidade clínica dos episódios de gastroenterite (GE) foi determinada através de um escore com 20 pontos, onde um valor ≥ 11 foi considerado como GE grave. RESULTADOS: As taxas de sintomas gerais solicitados foram semelhantes tanto nos indivíduos que receberam a vacina como naqueles a quem se administrou placebo. Aos 2 meses após a segunda dose, ocorreu resposta em termos de IgA sérica para RV em 54,7 a 74,4% dos vacinados. Não houve interferência na imunogenicidade das vacinas de rotina. A eficácia da vacina contra qualquer gastroenterite por rotavírus (GERV) foi de 63,5% (IC95% 20,8-84,4) para a maior concentração (105,8 UFF). A eficácia foi de 81,5% (IC95% 44,5-95,4) contra GERV grave. Em sua maior concentração (105,8 UFF), a RIX4414 conferiu uma proteção de 79,8% (IC95% 26,4-96,3) contra GERV grave causada pela amostra G9. CONCLUSÕES: A RIX4414 foi altamente imunogênica com baixa reatogenicidade, e não interferiu na resposta sérica à difteria, tétano, coqueluche, hepatite B e antígenos Hib. Duas doses da RIX4414 conferiram proteção significativa contra a GE grave causada pelo RV.

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Pós-graduação em Biometria - IBB

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The present invention relates to a mutant of Salmonella gallinarum that is defective in the CobS and CbiA (SGCobSCbiA) genes, which are associated with the production of cobalamin by the bacterium in anaerobic conditions, for use as vaccines. The present invention also relates to the use of said mutant Salmonella gallinarum strain for inducing protection in birds against infection by the homologous natural strain and Salmonella enteritidis strain by means of a vaccine.

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In Brazil there are few studies on the occurrence of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection and its subtypes, which are essential for the development of vaccines and new diagnostic tests. The present study investigated the occurrence of the FIV infection between 2010 and 2011 in domestic cats submitted to medical attendance in the city of Pelotas and nearby area. Total blood samples of seventy cats, suspected (28) or not (42) of infection by FIV were analyzed by nested PCR in order to perform a diagnosis. The results pointed to a FIV infection frequency of 15.7% (11/70) and the analysis of the risk factors related to infection (sex, age and clinical condition) evidenced a greater occurrence in cats up to 10 years of age with chronic and recurrent infections. Eight samples found positive by nested PCR were submitted to DNA sequencing indicating that only the subtype B was detected in the studied region.

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Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

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The effects of vaccination on avian blood parameters are poorly understood. The present study was designed to evaluate whether different strains (Ulster 2C, B1, live LaSota and inactivated LaSota) of Newcastle disease vaccines had an effect on the haematological profile of female turkeys. Seventy-five female turkeys were allocated to treatment groups according to vaccination strain. All the birds, except those in the control group, were vaccinated at 32 weeks of age and revaccinated at 40 and 48 weeks of age. Blood samples were obtained for haematological analyses and serum samples for the haemagglutination inhibition test. Haemoglobin concentration was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in vaccinated female turkeys than in the control birds 28 days after vaccination. Monocytes were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 44-week-old female turkeys vaccinated with inactivated LaSota strain compared with the other groups. Turkeys vaccinated with the B1 strain showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) total white blood cell counts compared with the other groups vaccinated with various commercial strains of the Newcastle disease virus. In conclusion, female turkeys showed significant differences in haemoglobin concentrations, monocytes and white blood cell counts when vaccinated against Newcastle disease.

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The retrovirus are recognized as pathogenic group of virus for domestic animals. The particularitities of these viruses are the necessity of the enzyme transcriptase reversa, for the conversion of the viral RNA in viral DNA (provirus) and the incorporation in the DNA of the cell, what it confers to the infection the lifetime character, due to all the infected cells present the provirus our DNA. Among the retroviruses in domestic felines, the leukaemia and immunossupressive virus represent the more important diseases. The main form of transmission of the virus of the FeLV is occur by close contact and the saliva presents high viral concentration. For the FIV, the main form of transmission is represented by wounds of bite. The retrovírus, replicate mainly in high metabolization cells. The infection for FeLV cause mieloproliferativas and degenerative illnesses, while the FIV are related imunossupressora illness. The treatment for these retroviroses is symptomatic associated to imunomodulatory drugs, none of these drugs are capable to eliminate the virus. For the prevention of these retrovirus are used vaccines. However only the vaccine against FeLV have showed efficiency. Thus , the more important measures in control of these diseases is prevent the contact between infected and health felines. The ain of present study was reviewed the more important aspects of retroviruses in domestic felines, with emphasis to virulence properties, epidemiology, fisiopathogeny, clinical manifestations, methods of diagnosis, therapy, and control measures

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Our previous studies have shown that low concentrations (noncytotoxics) of antineoplastic agents modulate positively the dendritic cells, favoring their in vitro maturation and improving their antigen presenting function. The effects on colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116) were also investigated and we have observed an increased immunogenicity and susceptibility to cytotoxic T cells. Thereby, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) an azacitidine (AZA), in minimum effective and noncytotoxic concentrations on lymphocytes of healthy donors. In this study we have analyzed the cytotoxic effect of drugs at these concentrations as well as the proliferative ability of lymphocytes. In vitro production of IL-10 and IFN-γ has been also evaluated. We have observed that low concentrations of those chemotherapeutic agents are not cytotoxic for lymphocytes. However, the minimum effective concentrations (5-FU: 0,410±0,088 e AZA: 0,757±0,233; p<0, 05) have reduced the cell number. Proliferative activity of allogeneic lymphocytes in a mixed reaction (MLR) was not affected by the treatment. The cytokine production was not affected by the treatments, either. In conclusion, low concentrations of 5-FU and AZA has no deleterious effects on human peripheral blood lymphocytes and seems to be safe for combinatory administration with DC vaccines