El control social sobre los docentes durante la última dictadura militar. Un análisis de los sumarios administrativos en la provincia de Buenos Aires, 1976-1983

En este artículo analizamos las políticas de control social dirigidas hacia los docentes durante la dictadura militar de 1976-1983 y la agencia de los actores encargados de implementarlas, tomando como objeto de análisis la serie completa de los sumarios administrativos que elaboraron los inspectores en esos años en la provincia de Buenos Aires. Siguiendo un enfoque heterodoxo de la historiografía del control social, pretendemos reconocer las contradicciones existentes en el funcionamiento cotidiano de los "aparatos de control", la agencia de los sujetos localizados en las posiciones intermedias del Estado y las múltiples formas en que ese control se ejercía efectiva y cotidianamente.

Ni crisol de razas, ni pluralismo cultural : Pluralismo social. Migraciones y pautas matrimoniales en una ciudad patagónica (Neuquén, 1960-1990)

Este trabajo pretende aproximarse al problema de la integración de los migrantes en sociedades de crecimiento explosivo. Para ello, centra sus reflexiones en un caso particular: la ciudad de Neuquén (Patagonia, Argentina) en el periodo comprendido entre 1960 y 1990. Tomando en consideración los comportamientos matrimoniales de migrantes de diferentes orígenes, tanto intra e interprovinciales como trasandinos, el texto intentará discutir los alcances de categorías como las de melting pot, pluralismo cultural y pluralismo social. El trabajo analiza un corpus documental compuesto por cerca de tres millares de actas matrimoniales extraídas del Archivo de la Dirección Provincial de Registro Civil de Neuquén

El control social sobre los docentes durante la última dictadura militar. Un análisis de los sumarios administrativos en la provincia de Buenos Aires, 1976-1983

En este artículo analizamos las políticas de control social dirigidas hacia los docentes durante la dictadura militar de 1976-1983 y la agencia de los actores encargados de implementarlas, tomando como objeto de análisis la serie completa de los sumarios administrativos que elaboraron los inspectores en esos años en la provincia de Buenos Aires. Siguiendo un enfoque heterodoxo de la historiografía del control social, pretendemos reconocer las contradicciones existentes en el funcionamiento cotidiano de los "aparatos de control", la agencia de los sujetos localizados en las posiciones intermedias del Estado y las múltiples formas en que ese control se ejercía efectiva y cotidianamente.

Ni crisol de razas, ni pluralismo cultural : Pluralismo social. Migraciones y pautas matrimoniales en una ciudad patagónica (Neuquén, 1960-1990)

Este trabajo pretende aproximarse al problema de la integración de los migrantes en sociedades de crecimiento explosivo. Para ello, centra sus reflexiones en un caso particular: la ciudad de Neuquén (Patagonia, Argentina) en el periodo comprendido entre 1960 y 1990. Tomando en consideración los comportamientos matrimoniales de migrantes de diferentes orígenes, tanto intra e interprovinciales como trasandinos, el texto intentará discutir los alcances de categorías como las de melting pot, pluralismo cultural y pluralismo social. El trabajo analiza un corpus documental compuesto por cerca de tres millares de actas matrimoniales extraídas del Archivo de la Dirección Provincial de Registro Civil de Neuquén

El control social sobre los docentes durante la última dictadura militar. Un análisis de los sumarios administrativos en la provincia de Buenos Aires, 1976-1983

En este artículo analizamos las políticas de control social dirigidas hacia los docentes durante la dictadura militar de 1976-1983 y la agencia de los actores encargados de implementarlas, tomando como objeto de análisis la serie completa de los sumarios administrativos que elaboraron los inspectores en esos años en la provincia de Buenos Aires. Siguiendo un enfoque heterodoxo de la historiografía del control social, pretendemos reconocer las contradicciones existentes en el funcionamiento cotidiano de los "aparatos de control", la agencia de los sujetos localizados en las posiciones intermedias del Estado y las múltiples formas en que ese control se ejercía efectiva y cotidianamente.

Ni crisol de razas, ni pluralismo cultural : Pluralismo social. Migraciones y pautas matrimoniales en una ciudad patagónica (Neuquén, 1960-1990)

Este trabajo pretende aproximarse al problema de la integración de los migrantes en sociedades de crecimiento explosivo. Para ello, centra sus reflexiones en un caso particular: la ciudad de Neuquén (Patagonia, Argentina) en el periodo comprendido entre 1960 y 1990. Tomando en consideración los comportamientos matrimoniales de migrantes de diferentes orígenes, tanto intra e interprovinciales como trasandinos, el texto intentará discutir los alcances de categorías como las de melting pot, pluralismo cultural y pluralismo social. El trabajo analiza un corpus documental compuesto por cerca de tres millares de actas matrimoniales extraídas del Archivo de la Dirección Provincial de Registro Civil de Neuquén

Social cleavages and electoral support in Turkey -- toward convergence?

Studies on Western democracies have shown that deep-seated social cleavages stabilize the electoral behavior and thus reduce electoral volatility. But how do social cleavages affect a party system that is undergoing democratic consolidation, such as in Turkey? In this study, investigations were carried out on long- and short-term relationships between social cleavages (religiosity, ethnicity, and sectarism) and electoral volatility in Turkey during the 1961-2002 period. Cross-sectional multiple regressions were applied to electoral and demographic data at the provincial level. The results showed that in the long-term, social cleavages on the whole have increased volatility rather than reduced it. The cleavage-volatility relationship, however, has changed over time. Repeated elections have mitigated the volatile effect of social cleavages on the voting behavior, as political parties have become more representative of the existent social cleavages.

Behavior competence development through e-learning: experience at the undergraduate level in the context of Aula a Distancia Abierta (ADA) Madrid, Spain

This communication presents the results of an innovative approach for competencedevelopment suggesting a new methodology for the integration of these elements in professional development within the ADA initiative (AulaaDistanciaAbierta, Distance and Open Classroom) of the Community of Madrid. The main objective of this initiative is to promote the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for educational activities by creating a new learning environment structured on the premises of commitment to self–learning, individual work, communication and virtual interaction, and self and continuous assessment. Results from this experience showed that conceptualization is a positive contribution to learning, as students added names and characteristics to competences and abilities that were previously unknown or underestimated. Also, the diversity of participants’ disciplines indicated multidimensional interest in this idea and supported the theory that this approach to competencedevelopment could be successful in all knowledge areas.

Assessment methodology applied to demand measures to change urban mobility behavior

In order to minimize car-based trips, transport planners have been particularly interested in understanding the factors that explain modal choices. Transport modelling literature has been increasingly aware that socioeconomic attributes and quantitative variables are not sufficient to characterize travelers and forecast their travel behavior. Recent studies have also recognized that users’ social interactions and land use patterns influence travel behavior, especially when changes to transport systems are introduced; but links between international and Spanish perspectives are rarely dealt with. The overall objective of the thesis is to develop a stepped methodology that integrate diverse perspectives to evaluate the willingness to change patterns of urban mobility in Madrid, based on four steps: (1st) analysis of causal relationships between both objective and subjective personal variables, and travel behavior to capture pro-car and pro-public transport intentions; (2nd) exploring the potential influence of individual trip characteristics and social influence variables on transport mode choice; (3rd) identifying built environment dimensions on travel behavior; and (4th) exploring the potential influence on transport mode choice of extrinsic characteristics of individual trip using panel data, land use variables using spatial characteristics and social influence variables. The data used for this thesis have been collected from a two panel smartphone-based survey (n=255 and 190 respondents, respectively) carried out in Madrid. Although the steps above are mainly methodological, the application to the area of Madrid allows deriving important results that can be directly used to forecast travel demand and to evaluate the benefits of specific policies that might be implemented in the area. The results demonstrated, respectively: (1st) transport policy actions are more likely to be effective when pro-car intention has been disrupted first; (2nd) the consideration of “helped” and “voluntary” users as tested here could have a positive and negative impact, respectively, on the use of public transport; (3rd) the importance of density, design, diversity and accessibility underlying dimensions responsible for land use variables; and (4th) there are clearly different types of combinations of social interactions, land use and time frame on travel behavior studies. Finally, with the objective to study the impact of demand measures to change urban mobility behavior, those previous results have been considered in a unique way, a hybrid discrete choice model has been used on a 5th step. Then it can be concluded that urban mobility behavior is not only ruled by the maximum utility criterion, but also by a strong psychological-environment concept, developed without the mediation of cognitive processes during choice, i.e., many people using public transport on their way to work do not do it for utilitarian reasons, but because no other choice is available. Regarding built environment dimensions, the more diversity place of residence, the more difficult the use of public transport or walking.

Effects of inspections in small world social networks with different contagion rules

Inspections are used to prevent tax evasion or any other unlawful behavior. ? The effect of inspections depends on the network topology and the contagion rule. ? The network is modeled as a Watts?Strogatz Small World that is tuned from regular to random. ? Two contagion rules are applied: continuous and discontinuous. ? The equilibrium populations of payers and evaders are obtained in terms of these system parameters.

Low-status monkeys “play dumb” when learning in mixed social groups

Many primates, including humans, live in complex hierarchical societies where social context and status affect daily life. Nevertheless, primate learning studies typically test single animals in limited laboratory settings where the important effects of social interactions and relationships cannot be studied. To investigate the impact of sociality on associative learning, we compared the individual performances of group-tested rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) across various social contexts. We used a traditional discrimination paradigm that measures an animal’s ability to form associations between cues and the obtaining of food in choice situations; but we adapted the task for group testing. After training a 55-member colony to separate on command into two subgroups, composed of either high- or low-status families, we exposed animals to two color discrimination problems, one with all monkeys present (combined condition), the other in their “dominant” and “subordinate” cohorts (split condition). Next, we manipulated learning history by testing animals on the same problems, but with the social contexts reversed. Monkeys from dominant families excelled in all conditions, but subordinates performed well in the split condition only, regardless of learning history. Subordinate animals had learned the associations, but expressed their knowledge only when segregated from higher-ranking animals. Because aggressive behavior was rare, performance deficits probably reflected voluntary inhibition. This experimental evidence of rank-related, social modulation of performance calls for greater consideration of social factors when assessing learning and may also have relevance for the evaluation of human scholastic achievement.

Ape-like or hominid-like? The positional behavior of Oreopithecus bambolii reconsidered

Comparative morphological and functional analyses of the skeletal remains of Oreopithecus bambolii, a hominoid from the Miocene Mediterranean island of Tuscany–Sardinia (Italy), provides evidence that bipedal activities made up a significant part of the positional behavior of this primate. The mosaic pattern of its postcranial morphology is to some degree convergent with that of Australopithecus and functionally intermediate between apes and early hominids. Some unique traits could have been selected only under insular conditions where the absence of predators and the limitation of trophic resources play a crucial role in mammalian evolution.

How can statistical mechanics contribute to social science?

A model of interdependent decision making has been developed to understand group differences in socioeconomic behavior such as nonmarital fertility, school attendance, and drug use. The statistical mechanical structure of the model illustrates how the physical sciences contain useful tools for the study of socioeconomic phenomena.

The effects of stress on social preferences are sexually dimorphic in prairie voles.

Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are monogamous rodents that form pair bonds characterized by a preference for a familiar social partner. In male prairie voles, exposure to either the stress of swimming or exogenous injections of corticosterone facilitate the development of a social preference for a female with which the male was paired after injection or swimming. Conversely, adrenalectomy inhibits partner preference formation in males and the behavioral effects of adrenalectomy are reversed by corticosterone replacement. In female prairie voles, swim stress interferes with the development of social preferences and corticosterone treatments inhibit the formation of partner preferences, while adrenalectomized females form preferences more quickly than adrenally intact controls. Because sex differences in both behavior and physiology are typically reduced in monogamous species, we initially predicted that male and female prairie voles would exhibit similar behavioral responses to corticosterone. However, our findings suggest an unanticipated sexual dimorphism in the physiological processes modulating social preferences. This dimorphic involvement of stress hormones in pair bonding provides a proximate mechanism for regulating social organization, while permitting males and females to adapt their reproductive strategies in response to environmental challenges.

Behavior predicts genes structure in a wild primate group.

The predictability of genetic structure from social structure and differential mating success was tested in wild baboons. Baboon populations are subdivided into cohesive social groups that include multiple adults of both sexes. As in many mammals, males are the dispersing sex. Social structure and behavior successfully predicted molecular genetic measures of relatedness and variance in reproductive success. In the first quantitative test of the priority-of-access model among wild primates, the reproductive priority of dominant males was confirmed by molecular genetic analysis. However, the resultant high short-term variance in reproductive success did not translate into equally high long-term variance because male dominance status was unstable. An important consequence of high but unstable short-term variance is that age cohorts will tend to be paternal sibships and social groups will be genetically substructured by age.