Quality of Service in Distributed Stream Processing for large scale Smart Pervasive Environments

The wide diffusion of cheap, small, and portable sensors integrated in an unprecedented large variety of devices and the availability of almost ubiquitous Internet connectivity make it possible to collect an unprecedented amount of real time information about the environment we live in. These data streams, if properly and timely analyzed, can be exploited to build new intelligent and pervasive services that have the potential of improving people's quality of life in a variety of cross concerning domains such as entertainment, health-care, or energy management. The large heterogeneity of application domains, however, calls for a middleware-level infrastructure that can effectively support their different quality requirements. In this thesis we study the challenges related to the provisioning of differentiated quality-of-service (QoS) during the processing of data streams produced in pervasive environments. We analyze the trade-offs between guaranteed quality, cost, and scalability in streams distribution and processing by surveying existing state-of-the-art solutions and identifying and exploring their weaknesses. We propose an original model for QoS-centric distributed stream processing in data centers and we present Quasit, its prototype implementation offering a scalable and extensible platform that can be used by researchers to implement and validate novel QoS-enforcement mechanisms. To support our study, we also explore an original class of weaker quality guarantees that can reduce costs when application semantics do not require strict quality enforcement. We validate the effectiveness of this idea in a practical use-case scenario that investigates partial fault-tolerance policies in stream processing by performing a large experimental study on the prototype of our novel LAAR dynamic replication technique. Our modeling, prototyping, and experimental work demonstrates that, by providing data distribution and processing middleware with application-level knowledge of the different quality requirements associated to different pervasive data flows, it is possible to improve system scalability while reducing costs.

Smart guide: un'applicazione basata sulla ludicizzazione per la valorizzazione turistica delle risorse monumentali

La ludicizzazione (deriv. Gamification) è l’utilizzo delle dinamiche proprie dei giochi, quali livelli, punti o premi, in contesti che, senza di essa, non avrebbero alcuna caratteristica di tipo ludico. Il suo principale scopo è quello di ridurre la percezione di compiere azioni noiose, routinarie e ripetitive focalizzando l'attenzione sul maggiore coinvolgimento e divertimento degli utenti. Il campo di applicazione della ludicizzazione è potenzialmente sconfinato. Sono numerose le aziende che investono su processi di produzione mirati all'attribuzione di una caratteristica ludica ai propri prodotti, allo scopo di aumentare la soddisfazione e la fedeltà dei clienti finali. In questo senso, anche il settore del turismo ha iniziato ad introdurre strumenti e tecnologie "ludicizzate", in grado di valorizzare maggiormente le risorse monumentali e fornire al turista un'esperienza completamente nuova e rinnovata. Il presente studio analizza in primis gli aspetti fondamentali del processo di ludicizzazione di un generico sistema o prodotto. Nella seconda parte dell'elaborato, invece, viene illustrata l'applicazione di tali principi per la progettazione di un'applicazione Android il cui scopo è fornire una guida interattiva della città di Bologna basata sulla ludicizzazione.

Strategisches TV-Management: Erlösdiversifizierung privater deutscher Free-TV-Unternehmen

Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Erlösdiversifizierung privater deutscher Free-TV-Unternehmen. Im Zentrum stehen dabei die Entwicklung eines Nutzwerttheo-rie-basierten Modells zur Bestimmung attraktiver Diversifikationsfelder und dessen empirische Überprüfung. Zur Modellbildung werden sowohl der market-based als auch der resource-based View des strategischen Managements berücksichtigt und methodisch integriert. Zunächst werden anhand von Fallstudien der Mediengruppe RTL Deutsch-land und der ProSiebenSat.1 Media AG der strategische Optionsraum bestehend aus 15 Diversifizierungsmärkten identifiziert und die Kernressourcen deutscher Free-TV-Unternehmen untersucht. Aufbauend auf den gewonnenen Erkenntnissen wird das soge-nannte COAT-Diversifizierungsmodell als Rahmenmodell für die Planung und Bewer-tung von Diversifizierungsstrategien entworfen (COAT = Online Content Distribution, Offline Activities und Add-On Services/ Transaction TV). Durch eine ausführliche Be-fragung von 26 hochrangigen Managern, Senderchefs und Branchenbeobachtern der deutschen TV-Industrie wird das entworfene Modell überprüft und die Attraktivität der identifizierten Diversifizierungsmärkte ermittelt. Im Zentrum des Modells und der Ex-pertenbefragung steht die Durchführung einer Nutzwertanalyse, anhand derer zum einen die Marktattraktivität der verschiedenen Diversifizierungsmärkte ermittelt wird (market-based View), und zum anderen die Bedeutung der Kernressourcen eines Free-TV-Unternehmens in den verschiedenen Diversifizierungsmärkten untersucht wird (ressour-ce-based View). Hierzu werden für beide Dimensionen entsprechende Subkriterien de-finiert und eine Nutzwertbewertung für jedes Kriterium in jedem der 15 Märkte vorge-nommen. Aus den ermittelten Teilnutzwerten können für jeden untersuchten Markt ein übergreifender marktorientierter Nutzwert NM und ein ressourcenorienterter Nutzwert NR ermittelt werden. Im Resultat lässt sich ein Nutzwert-Portfolio aufspannen, in dem die 15 Diversifizierungsmärkte entsprechend ihrer ressourcen- und marktorientierten Nutzwertkombinationen in vier Gruppen kategorisiert werden: Diversifizierungsmärkte mit 1) sehr hoher Attraktivität, 2) hoher Marktchance, 3) hoher Opportunität oder rn4) geringer Attraktivität. Abschließend werden erste Normstrategien für die einzelnen Diversifizierungskategorien abgeleitet und die Eignung des COAT-Diversifizierungs-modells für die strategische Planung analysiert.rn

Smart hospitality. Intervento di recupero sostenibile a bertinoro

Intervento di recupero sostenibile a Bertinoro su edificio del centro storico. Il progetto prevede la rifunzionalizzazione e la riqualificazione energetica del complesso edilizio.

Power Converters and Electric Drives for Smart Grid Applications

The present dissertation aims to explore, theoretically and experimentally, the problems and the potential advantages of different types of power converters for “Smart Grid” applications, with particular emphasis on multi-level architectures, which are attracting a rising interest even for industrial requests. The models of the main multilevel architectures (Diode-Clamped and Cascaded) are shown. The best suited modulation strategies to function as a network interface are identified. In particular, the close correlation between PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) approach and SVM (Space Vector Modulation) approach is highlighted. An innovative multilevel topology called MMC (Modular Multilevel Converter) is investigated, and the single-phase, three-phase and "back to back" configurations are analyzed. Specific control techniques that can manage, in an appropriate way, the charge level of the numerous capacitors and handle the power flow in a flexible way are defined and experimentally validated. Another converter that is attracting interest in “Power Conditioning Systems” field is the “Matrix Converter”. Even in this architecture, the output voltage is multilevel. It offers an high quality input current, a bidirectional power flow and has the possibility to control the input power factor (i.e. possibility to participate to active and reactive power regulations). The implemented control system, that allows fast data acquisition for diagnostic purposes, is described and experimentally verified.

Simulation of Smart Materials

The aim of this thesis is the elucidation of structure-properties relationship of molecular semiconductors for electronic devices. This involves the use of a comprehensive set of simulation techniques, ranging from quantum-mechanical to numerical stochastic methods, and also the development of ad-hoc computational tools. In more detail, the research activity regarded two main topics: the study of electronic properties and structural behaviour of liquid crystalline (LC) materials based on functionalised oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene) (OPE), and the investigation on the electric field effect associated to OFET operation on pentacene thin film stability. In this dissertation, a novel family of substituted OPE liquid crystals with applications in stimuli-responsive materials is presented. In more detail, simulations can not only provide evidence for the characterization of the liquid crystalline phases of different OPEs, but elucidate the role of charge transfer states in donor-acceptor LCs containing an endohedral metallofullerene moiety. Such systems can be regarded as promising candidates for organic photovoltaics. Furthermore, exciton dynamics simulations are performed as a way to obtain additional information about the degree of order in OPE columnar phases. Finally, ab initio and molecular mechanics simulations are used to investigate the influence of an applied electric field on pentacene reactivity and stability. The reaction path of pentacene thermal dimerization in the presence of an external electric field is investigated; the results can be related to the fatigue effect observed in OFETs, that show significant performance degradation even in the absence of external agents. In addition to this, the effect of the gate voltage on a pentacene monolayer are simulated, and the results are then compared to X-ray diffraction measurements performed for the first time on operating OFETs.

Distributed Smart City Services for Urban Ecosystems

A Smart City is a high-performance urban context, where citizens live independently and are more aware of the surrounding opportunities, thanks to forward-looking development of economy politics, governance, mobility and environment. ICT infrastructures play a key-role in this new research field being also a mean for society to allow new ideas to prosper and new, more efficient approaches to be developed. The aim of this work is to research and develop novel solutions, here called smart services, in order to solve several upcoming problems and known issues in urban areas and more in general in the modern society context. A specific focus is posed on smart governance and on privacy issues which have been arisen in the cellular age.

Ultra-Low Power and Non-intrusive Wireless Monitoring for Smart Buildings

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) offer a new solution for distributed monitoring, processing and communication. First of all, the stringent energy constraints to which sensing nodes are typically subjected. WSNs are often battery powered and placed where it is not possible to recharge or replace batteries. Energy can be harvested from the external environment but it is a limited resource that must be used efficiently. Energy efficiency is a key requirement for a credible WSNs design. From the power source's perspective, aggressive energy management techniques remain the most effective way to prolong the lifetime of a WSN. A new adaptive algorithm will be presented, which minimizes the consumption of wireless sensor nodes in sleep mode, when the power source has to be regulated using DC-DC converters. Another important aspect addressed is the time synchronisation in WSNs. WSNs are used for real-world applications where physical time plays an important role. An innovative low-overhead synchronisation approach will be presented, based on a Temperature Compensation Algorithm (TCA). The last aspect addressed is related to self-powered WSNs with Energy Harvesting (EH) solutions. Wireless sensor nodes with EH require some form of energy storage, which enables systems to continue operating during periods of insufficient environmental energy. However, the size of the energy storage strongly restricts the use of WSNs with EH in real-world applications. A new approach will be presented, which enables computation to be sustained during intermittent power supply. The discussed approaches will be used for real-world WSN applications. The first presented scenario is related to the experience gathered during an European Project (3ENCULT Project), regarding the design and implementation of an innovative network for monitoring heritage buildings. The second scenario is related to the experience with Telecom Italia, regarding the design of smart energy meters for monitoring the usage of household's appliances.

Modelling and analysis of networked control strategies in smart power distribution grids: development of co-simulation tools

This thesis is focused on Smart Grid applications in medium voltage distribution networks. For the development of new applications it appears useful the availability of simulation tools able to model dynamic behavior of both the power system and the communication network. Such a co-simulation environment would allow the assessment of the feasibility of using a given network technology to support communication-based Smart Grid control schemes on an existing segment of the electrical grid and to determine the range of control schemes that different communications technologies can support. For this reason, is presented a co-simulation platform that has been built by linking the Electromagnetic Transients Program Simulator (EMTP v3.0) with a Telecommunication Network Simulator (OPNET-Riverbed v18.0). The simulator is used to design and analyze a coordinate use of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) for the voltage/var control (VVC) in distribution network. This thesis is focused control structure based on the use of phase measurement units (PMUs). In order to limit the required reinforcements of the communication infrastructures currently adopted by Distribution Network Operators (DNOs), the study is focused on leader-less MAS schemes that do not assign special coordinating rules to specific agents. Leader-less MAS are expected to produce more uniform communication traffic than centralized approaches that include a moderator agent. Moreover, leader-less MAS are expected to be less affected by limitations and constraint of some communication links. The developed co-simulator has allowed the definition of specific countermeasures against the limitations of the communication network, with particular reference to the latency and loss and information, for both the case of wired and wireless communication networks. Moreover, the co-simulation platform has bee also coupled with a mobility simulator in order to study specific countermeasures against the negative effects on the medium voltage/current distribution network caused by the concurrent connection of electric vehicles.

Sviluppo di una infrastruttura location-based per l'auto-organizzazione di smart-devices.

La tesi consiste nel realizzare una infrastruttura che mantenga il modello tipico dello Spatial Computing e coniughi al meglio le tecnologie location-based come GPS, NFC e BLE, per permettere ai moderni smart-devices Android di cooperare e auto-organizzarsi al fine di compiere un certo task definito a livello applicativo.

Le Pay TV in Italia: sviluppo tecnologico e strategie aziendali

Con questa tesi si è voluto evidenziare lo stretto rapporto di dipendenza delle aziende televisive con gli eventi sportivi al fine di poter guadagnare fette di mercato e quindi posizione strategiche rispetto ai concorrenti. Tra le aziende televisive e il settore sportivo c'è quindi un rapporto mezzo/contenuto decisamente complementare. Nessuno dei due può fare a meno dell'altro. Da una parte, come evidenziato, le emittenti televisive, durante la messa in onda di eventi sportivi, registrano elevati livelli di audience e ciò costituisce la "cassa di risonanza" preferita dagli sponsor. Dall'altra parte lo sport, che anno dopo anno ha visto aumentare la propria dipendenza dai network dal momento che la cessione dei diritti televisivi è diventata una delle maggiori fonti di reddito per le società sportive.

Doppiaggio e globalizzazione: La diffusione della cultura americana nel doppiaggio italiano e spagnolo di tre serie tv.

La presente tesi prende in analisi il doppiaggio italiano e spagnolo di tre serie tv, di tre periodi diversi: Happy Days, Beverly Hills 90210 e The OC. Confrontando il doppiaggio italiano e spagnolo con la versione originale di alcuni episodi a tematica natalizia, si vuole dimostrare come la cultura americana influenzi la lingua e la cultura italiana e spagnola. Per cui, assieme ad un'analisi comparativa, sarà presente anche una piccola analisi cronologica in modo da dimostrare come siano cambiati i riferimenti culturali natalizi nel corso del tempo.

The role of language in tv shows and its impact on the audience: A linguistic analysis of Game of Thrones

Through the analysis of American TV show Game of Thrones, this dissertation will focus on the linguistic issues concerning the adaptation from books to television, the power of language over the audience, and the creation of two languages, with all the linguistic and cultural implications related to this phenomenon.

Smart magnetic dispersions - from switchable release to well-defined hybrid nanofibers

The synthesis, characterization and application of aqueous dispersions of superparamagnetic/polymer hybrid nanoparticles and capsules is described. Implementation of the superparamagnetic moiety into the polymer matrix enables a response of the nanomaterials towards an external magnetic field. Application of the external field is used for two main purposes: i) As heat generator, when an alternating magnetic field is applied. ii) As structuring agent to self-assemble superparamagnetic nanoparticles in the external field.rnIn the first part, superparamagnetic nanoparticles were used as heat generators in order to achieve a magnetic field induced release of an active compound from nanocontainers. To achieve such a release in remote-controlled fashion, the encapsulation of superparamagnetic nanoparticles into polymer nanocapsules was combined with the integration of a thermolabile compound into the shell of the nanocontainers. The magnetic nanoparticles acted as generators for heat, which decomposed the thermolabile compound. Pores were created in the degrading shell and an active substance was released.rn Additionally, the self-assembly of polymer nanoparticles, which were labeled with a superparamagnetic moiety as structuring agent, could be demonstrated. A combination of a magnetic field induced self-assembly and a sintering of neighboring particles upon an increase in temperature above the glass transition temperature of the polymer was used to form stable architectures. Various structures with tunable periodicity could be obtained ranging from smooth linear nanofibers to zigzag fibers. Besides solely creating linear architectures, the frugal process additionally allowed the creation of arrangements in analogy to more complex polymer architectures: By the introduction of defined junction points, the generation of branched structures and networks was demonstrated. Additionally, by tailoring the interaction of differently sized particles, the preparation of nanoparticle arrangements in statistical or block copolymer fashion was shown. Moreover, a reversible linear assembly and linkage of the nanoparticles was demonstrated following a lock/unlock mechanism. Therefore, the particles were locked in their linear assembly by a stable iron(III) hydroxamato-complex and unlocked by addition of a reducing agent and formation of a less stable iron(II)-complex.Further, in various projects with collaboration partners, nanoparticles and nanocapsules were labeled with a superparamagnetic moiety for their use as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging or as magnetically separable dispersions.

Discovery di dispositivi embedded e raccolta di dati con bluetooth e bluetooth smart

L'obbiettivo di questa tesi è la produzione del prototipo di un sistema che sia in grado di ottenere dati da un insieme di sensori per poterli poi trasmettere all’utente, in modo che esso sia maggiormente cosciente del mondo che lo circonda. Affronteremo la sfida in uno scenario medico / di soccorso, dove un operatore si avvicinerà ad un gruppo di pazienti con l’intenzione di ottenere i parametri vitali di uno di essi. All'interno del documento saranno descritte le tecnologie sfruttate per la realizzazione del prototipo: Bluetooth e Bluetooth Smart, il sistema operativo Linux in esecuzione su un Raspberry Pi dotato di sensori, il sistema operativo Android in esecuzione su smartphone o tablet e iBeacon. Verranno poi analizzati i requisiti del sistema da realizzare. Infine verrà descritta l'implementazione utilizzata nel prototipo e analizzato il suo comportamento.