Efeito favorável da terapia farmacológica otimizada da insuficiência cardíaca sobre as arritmias ventriculares

FUNDAMENTO: Os eventos arrítmicos ventriculares têm forte impacto na mortalidade dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. O benefício do tratamento farmacológico otimizado da insuficiência cardíaca na redução da arritmia ventricular não foi ainda muito bem documentado. OBJETIVO: Análise dos efeitos do tratamento farmacológico otimizado da insuficiência cardíaca sobre a arritmia ventricular. MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico com desenho não aleatorizado, envolvendo 85 pacientes consecutivos (coorte aberta), não selecionados, idade média de 63,8±12,2 anos, 42 homens, 43 mulheres, com diagnóstico de insuficiência cardíaca, classes funcionais II a IV (NYHA - New York Heart Association), FE (fração de ejeção) < 0,40, que após otimização do tratamento foram acompanhados de janeiro de 2002 a maio de 2004, quanto ao comportamento da arritmia ventricular, à admissão e ao término do estudo. RESULTADOS: No início do estudo 60% dos pacientes apresentaram mais de 1000 extra-sístoles ventriculares/24h, 100% pares e 100% taquicardia ventricular não sustentada (TVNS). Num seguimento que variou de 8 a 27 meses (20,0 + 4,8 meses) observou-se redução significativa do número total de extra-sístoles ventriculares/24h, do número de pares e do número de episódios de taquicardia ventricular não sustentada (p<0,05). Observou-se também melhora da classe funcional e do desempenho ao teste de caminhada de seis minutos. Em relação à fase anterior à inclusão no estudo observou-se diminuição das internações hospitalares (4,8 hospitalizações/paciente/ano e ao término do estudo 2,7 hospitalizações/paciente/ano) (p<0,005). CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento otimizado da insuficiência cardíaca diminuiu a ocorrência de arritmias ventriculares. A melhora da classe funcional, do desempenho físico e do número de hospitalizações podem ser atribuídas ao tratamento otimizado.

Relevamiento crítico de la concepción de ciencia de textos escolares y docentes del área de Ciencias Sociales de escuela media.

El libro de texto escolar se conforma en uno de los recursos fundamentales para la enseñanza y en nuestro país, en muchos casos, en el único recurso disponible. Por tanto, en este trabajo nos preocupa la desde donde se enseña la ciencia y los procedimientos de desarrollo del conocimiento científico. Estudiar la concepción de ciencia que presentan los textos escolares y los docentes del área de Ciencias Sociales de los últimos años de escuela secundaria es una alternativa válida para comprender la forma en que se enseña ciencia en la institución educativa. Nuestra hipótesis sustantiva es que la concepción de ciencia y del proceso de investigación científica en el área de las Ciencias Sociales, tomando como unidades de análisis los libros de textos y las concepciones de los docentes no coincide con los procedimientos actuales y reales de producción de nuevos conocimientos científicos. Se supone que en los textos escolares subyace una concepción de ciencia alejada de los desarrollos actuales y como consecuencia los docentes –que solamente se valen de textos escolares- enseñan esa misma concepción. Los objetivos que nos proponemos son: a) identificar la concepción más habitual de ciencia que subyace en los libros de textos escolares del cuarto y quinto año de escuela media de una región educativa determinada; b) identificar la concepción de ciencia más frecuente que utilizan los docentes de esa misma región; c) describir y explicar las características generales que asumen ambas concepciones y d) confrontar esas concepciones con desarrollos epistemológicos actuales.Nos interesa un enfoque integrador que genere un espacio de reflexión acerca de la ciencia en sentido amplio, trascendiendo la visión de ciencia natural tradicional. La pertinencia de nuestra investigación fue claramente expresada por Teun Van Dijk,: “Para mí no hay duda que los libros de texto merecen mucho más estudio teórico y empírico sobre todos sus aspectos: sus géneros de discurso, sus estructuras textuales y multimodales, sus estrategias didácticas, su papel en la adquisición y la reproducción de conocimientos e ideologías, sus funciones sociales y culturales, su desarrollo y cambios históricos, su variación en diferentes países, entre muchos otros temas” (Entrevista, WebMEChile, 2010). En este marco buscamos que esta investigación pueda ser un aporte para el desarrollo interno de un campo de investigación y su transferencia a editores y autores, docentes y alumnos. Esta investigación se enmarca en una investigación de tipo exploratoria orientada a conocer hechos nuevos, a generar nuevas preguntas y nuevas hipótesis. Se trabajará con una grilla de revisión de textos escolares que será elaborada en el marco de la investigación y con un cuestionario sobre concepciones de ciencia docentes elaborado sobre la base del Inventario de creencias pedagógicas y científicas de los profesores (Porlán 1997, 2002; 2004).

Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der zweiten Deutschen Zentral-Afrika-Expedition, 1910-1911, unter Führung Adolf Friedrichs.

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Population dynamics of O-group plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L., on sandy beach nursery grounds in Galway Bay, the West Coast of Ireland, 2002 to 2006.

The recruitment of 0-group plaice to sandy beach nursery grounds in Galway Bay was examined, using a Riley push-net, from February to June in 2005 and 2006. Sampling was carried out every two weeks on spring tides. Three beaches were sampled, Ballyloughan, Silverstrand and Glann na Ri. Archived 0-group plaice, for Ballyloughan and Silverstrand, from 2004, were processed. Results were compared to findings from a previous study carried out in 2002 and 2003 (Allen 2004). Otolith microstructure analysis was used to determine hatching dates, larval duration, settlement dates, post-larval age and daily growth rates of 0-group plaice in April and May 2005. Results were compared to a previous study (Allen 2004). Hatching dates in Galway Bay ranged from late January to early April in 2005. No significant difference in hatching dates was observed between years or between beaches sampled. Larval duration of 0-group plaice in Galway Bay ranged from 21 to 45 days for fish sampled in April and May 2005. No significant difference was observed in larval age between beaches sampled in Galway Bay or between years in April 2003 and 2005. A significant difference was observed between larval age and years in May 2003 and 2005, however no significant difference was observed between beaches. Settlement timing was calculated using push-net data and otolith microstructure analysis. Settlement of 0-group plaice in Galway Bay generally started in early March and finished in May. Settlement patterns, calculated using otolith microstructure analysis, in 2003 and 2005, were not significantly different to one another. There was also no difference in settlement patterns between the beaches sampled. Results from the present study showed no spatial difference in the pelagic life cycle stages of fish caught in April and May 2003 and 2005.

Parteien - Scharniere im Bundesstaat? : die Interessendurchsetzung am Beispiel der SPD geführten Landesregierung von Sachsen-Anhalt in den Jahren von 1998 bis 2002

Magdeburg, Univ., Fak. für Geistes-, Sozial- und Erziehungswiss., Diss., 2007

Blutungskomplikationen der peptischen Ulkuskrankheit in der Klinik für Gastroenterologie des Universitätsklinikums Magdeburg im Zeitverlauf von 2001 bis 2002 und von 2006 bis 2010

Magdeburg, Univ., Med. Fak., Diss., 2014

Ecologia da ictiofauna de um córrego de cabeceira da bacia do alto rio Paraná, Brasil

Ecological studies were conducted in the ichthyofauna of Cedro, a small headwater stream located in a degraded area of State of São Paulo, Brazil, situated in the upper Paraná River basin. These are the results of two non-consecutive years observations and collections in two biotopes of that stream: a pool and a rapid. The ecological characteristics studied change in space and time. The present richness of species is high (21 species), nine of which are constant, six accessory and six accidental. The diversity is low (0.69 to 2.38), and the numeric predominance, from one to three species, occurred in both biotopes. The most frequent species are Poecilia reticulata (Peters, 1859) (28.1%), Corydoras cf. aeneus (Gill, 1858) (20.3%) and Hypostomus cf. ancistroides (Ihering, 1911) (19.8%). The density ranges from 0.7 to 19.8 specimens/m³. The similarity index indicates high similarity between the ichthyofauna (45.0% to 95.0%) inside the same or contiguous biotopes. The evenness (0.46 to 1.0) is comparable to those found in similar studies carried out in other streams.

Seasonal variability on the structure of sublittoral macrozoobenthic association in the Patos Lagoon estuary, southern Brazil

The aim of this study is to analyze and relate the spatial-temporal variability of macrozoobenthic assemblages to bottom characteristics and salinity fluctuations, in an estuarine shallow water region of Patos Lagoon. Monthly samples, between September 2002 and August 2003, were taken on six sampling stations (distant 90 m). Three biological samples with a 10 cm diameter corer, one sample for sediment analysis, fortnightly bottom topography measurements, and daily data of temperature and salinity were taken from each station. Two biotic and environmental conditions were identified: the first corresponding to spring and summer months, with low macrozoobenthos densities, low values of salinity, small variations in bottom topographic level and weak hydrodynamic activity. A second situation occurred in the months of fall and winter, which showed increased salinity, hydrodynamics and macrobenthos organisms. These results which contrast with previous studies carried out in the area, were attributed to failure in macrozoobenthos recruitments during summer period, especially of the bivalve Erodona mactroides Bosc, 1802 and the tanaid Kalliapseuses schubartii Mañe-Garzón, 1949. This results showed that recruitments of dominant species were influenced by salinity and hydrodynamic conditions.

Reproductive ecology of the invader species gekkonid lizard Hemidactylus mabouia in an area of southeastern Brazil

Hemidactylus mabouia Moreau de Jonnés, 1818 is a "fixed" clutch size exotic species well established in Brazil. In this paper we investigate some reproductive strategies adopted to minimize the costs of invariant clutch size to this invader species living in an environment with marked climatic seasonality in Southeastern Brazil (22°56’S; 46°55’W). The study was carried out from April 2002 to March 2003. Females and males attain maturity at 47.9mm and 46.9mm SVL, respectively. Larger females tended to produce larger eggs. The reproduction occurred throughout the year, but only at the wet season the females increase the clutch frequency. There was a significant variation in mean testis volume among the months throughout the year and the largest means were recorded between August and December. Maternal investment on egg size, increase on clutch frequency and seasonal increase on testis volume can represent important reproductive strategies of this invader species living in an non-urban habitat whit climatic seasonality (dry and cold weather season).