Produção de bioetanol pelo consórcio com Zymomonas mobilis e Candida tropicalis em hidrolisado ácido da casca de soja (Glycine max)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Filogenia e taxonomia dos veados cinza (Mazama gouazoubira e M. nemorivaga)

Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento Animal - FCAV

Obtenção de compósitos de borracha natural com resíduo industrial de couro reticulados com diferentes peróxidos

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais - FC

Resíduo de abacaxi em programa de restrição alimentar qualitativa para suínos pesados

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS

Painel particulado composto por casca de eucalipto na camada intermediária

This work was developed to evalute the physical and mechanical properties of a panel of three particle layers from the test specification of NBR 14810-3 (2006), using wood of Eucalyptus sp. and Eucalyptus saligna and Eucalyptus urograndis bark. The mechanical properties were evaluated to obtain the bending modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) and Internal bond. The physical properties were obtained thickness sweeling, water absorption, moisture content and board density. Were evaluated four different compositions of panels containing 5, 10, 15 and 20% in the inner layer of bark. The results were compared with the Brazilian standard NBR 14810-2 (2006) and also with studies in the literature. The panels produced were adequate to all the optimal values suggested by the standard only in the composition with 5% skin in the inner layer. The other treatments showed satisfactory results in all tests except for moisture content

Recuperação de áreas degradadas por erosão hídrica em propriedades produtoras de café nos municípios de Getulina e Vera Cruz - SP

The Paulista West region has suffered through the decades an intense process of deforestation when substituting native areas of Atlantic rainforest and Cerrado by agricultural cultivation, mainly coffee in the 20th century. This occupation process without planning and management of the soil resulted in serious erosion problems. Besides, the soil erosion promoted the reduction of agricultural production and the silting of rivers. This paper aims identify the factors of natural scope (geological, geomorphologic and pedologic characteristics) which participate in unleash of erosion process in two agricultural properties producers of coffee in order to apply mechanical techniques of recovery in erosive focuses of furrow and ravine kinds. One of the properties is at the city council of Getulina, located on the sandstones of Adamantina Formation; the other is at the city council of Vera Cruz, located on the sandstones of Marília Formation. However, taking into consideration the analysis of the natural dynamics, they are not enough to explain the complexity of the phenomena which are processed in the geographic space. It made indispensable the incorporation of socio-economic factors, such as the use and occupation process of the soil considering the society as landscape transformers. In order to better understand the importance of each one of the elements that contributes to the unleash of the studied erosions, it was collected soil samples in the areas, general descriptions and texture and morphologic analysis. Finally, it was elaborated the maps of the use and occupation of the soil and the vegetal coverage surrounding the properties studied. It was observed in the rural property of Getulina the substitution of the coffee by pasture that finds degraded. It, in addition to the cattle stomp, which changed the texture and density characteristics among the soil horizons, and the concentration of superficial water flow intensified the occurrence of ...

Circuito espacial produtivo e círculos de cooperação dos café Fairtrade: análise da Associação dos Agricultores familiares do Córrego D'Antas (ASSODANTAS), Poços de Caldas/MG

The aim of this research project is to analyze the spatial productive circuit and circles of cooperation of Fairtrade coffee, taking as a case of study the Associação dos Agricultores Familiares do Córrego D'antas (ASSODANTAS), Poços de Caldas - MG. The main purpose is to analyze material flows (grains, supplies, etc.) established between geographically separated stages of production (production, exchange, distribution and consumption) and the relationships between the agents in order to analyze the organization and regulation of production of Fairtrade coffee. It is understood as the insertion of the Fairtrade ASSODANTAS to permit the creation of new production lines, adding value and providing greater identity and autonomy to their small farms, when compared with traditional coffee trade commodity

Análises moleculares como ferramentas voltadas ao estudo do boto-cinza (Sotalia guianensis) na região do Lagamar de Cananéia

Dentre os mamíferos marinhos presentes na costa brasileira, Sotalia guianensis (subordem Odontoceti, família Delphinidae) é um dos mais comumente encontrados, possuindo ampla distribuição pela América do Sul e Central. Pelo fato de apresentar hábito costeiro, esta espécie encontra-se diretamente relacionada com impactos de origem antrópica tais como poluição, pesca acidental ou degradação de habitats. Somado a estes fatores, a falta de informações relatada pela IUCN surge como outro ponto de preocupação, visto que não se sabe de fato qual o grau de conservação dessa espécie. Por este motivo o presente estudo pretende avaliar características populacionais existentes nos grupos de S. guianensis na região do Lagamar de Cananéia, litoral sul de São Paulo, utilizando-se de microssatélites. Para tanto, aspectos referentes à diversidade genética, grau de parentesco e fluxo gênico entre áreas estuarinas e de mar aberto foram considerados. A amostragem é composta por 22 tecidos oriundos de indivíduos de mar aberto e 11 estuarinos, coletados entre os anos de 1996 e 2009. O material foi amplificado por PCR utilizando-se de oito locos específicos para a espécie. O presente estudo concluiu que a diversidade genética (número de alelos, riqueza alélica, heterozigosidade esperada e observada) ocorrente no grupo de estudo é considerada como moderada quando comparada a outras populações de S. guianensis estudadas. Após a retirada dos locos com indício da presença de alelos nulos, a população mostrou-se em equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg, como revelado também pelo valor de FIS. Corroborando com o nível de diversidade genética encontrado, foram avaliados baixos índices de parentesco, sem diferenças significativas entre os grupos em comparação (estuário e mar aberto), bem como entre os sexos, indicando a ausência de dispersão sexo assimétrica... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Biodegradação da vinhaça resíduo da produção de etanol

The State of São Paulo is responsible for the largest sugar cane production in Brazil, as well as the largest production of ethanol made of this raw material – which is widely used as fuel for automobiles. This utilization began in the 1970’s, with the institution by the Brazilian government of the National Alcohol Program (PRO-ÁLCOOL), as a consequence of the petroleum crisis, rising again five years ago, with the development of flex fuel cars. The obtaining process of ethanol originates residues; amongst them, vinasse is the one that’s generated in the largest amount (an average of 10 to 13 litres/litre of ethanol produced). The disposal of this residue in waters was only forbidden in 1978, but before that, researchers had already been investigating its utilization as raw material. This paper had the objective of accompany the biodegradation of vinasse by evaluating the oxygen comsumption during it until the ultimate Biochemical Oxygen Demand (uBOD), performed in twenty days; another objective was to analyse the biomass production of Saccharomyces cerevisae in this residue. Physical and chemical analyses of the residue were also performed, as well as acute toxicity essays using Daphnia similis and Dugesia tigrina, before and after its biodegradation. The physical and chemical analyses pointed elevated acidness (pH = 3,98), conductivity (8,30 mS/cm) and COD (25.693,43 mg O2/L) and mean quantity of suspended solids (5.246 mg/L). The toxicity essays indicated absence of toxic potential in vinasse after biodegradation for both species. The uBOD degradated until 88,22% of the COD, demonstrating the possibility of biodegradation of most of the residue’s organic load in a relatively short period of time. S. cerevisae caused a 37,03% COD diminution in vinasse, diminished its conductivity and promoted a slight elevation of the pH; it obtained low biomass...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Avaliação da auto-suficiência energética de reatores anaeróbios no tratamento de esgoto sanitário e água cinza

The anaerobic treatment of sewage is widely employed in Brazil and it is an appreciated way for the treatment of effluents, helping to reduce the environmental impact in rivers. The methane gas obtained from the process can be applied to improve the energetic efficiency of the system, reducing the amount of waste and the cost of the treatment process. This work presents the net energy balance of anaerobic reactors applied to the treatment of sewage. The analysis was performed considering full-scale and laboratory-scale treatment systems. In laboratory scale, the results from three kinds of systems were compared regarding the biological treatment of greywater. Two of them (UASB7 and UASB12) were anaerobic and the other one was a combined anaerobic-aerobic system (UASB7/SBR6). Greywater methanization (compared to theoretical maximum) was calculated considering 100% removal (g BOD/day), the literature percentage removal and the anionic surfactant presence in the effluentt. For each of these three cases, the efficiencies were, respectively, 16.9%, 43.6% and 51.3% in UASB7 reactor, 25.6%, 50.3% and 59.2% in UASB12 reactor and 30.6%, 61.2% and 71.9% in UASB7/SBR6 reactor. The energetic potential was found to be 4.66x10-4, 7.77x10-4 and 5.12x10-4 kWh/L for the UASB7, UASB12 and UASB7/SBR6 reactors, respectively. The pumping system, the aeration (in the anaerobic-aerobic system) and the temperature controlled heating system were considered to calculate the energetic consumption. However, the third one was not employed since tropical regions like Brazil do not need heating systems and also because of its high energetic consumption. The calculated net energy balance in the reactors was negative in the case of greywater, respectively -0.16, -0.28 and -0.18 kWh/L for the reactors UASB7, UASB12 and UASB7/SRB6. In full scale (ETE Jardim das Flores - Rio Claro, SP), the average energy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Atividade in vitro do extrato hidroalcoólico da casca de Astronium fraxinifolium (Anacardiaceae) sobre trofozoítos de Giardia duodenalis

As investigações conduzidas para avaliar novas substâncias para o tratamento da giardíase justificam-se pelo fato dos medicamentos convencionais apresentarem inconvenientes relacionados à toxicidade, à resistência e aos custos. Diante disso, a busca por novas alternativas terapêuticas tem despertado grande interesse, principalmente, entre os extratos de plantas, produtos complexos com diferentes atividades biológicas e farmacológicas. Considerando que nas infecções por Giardia, a diarréia é um dos principais sintomas, tem sido crescente o interesse em se investigar o efeito de extratos de plantas com atividade antidiarréica. Com isso, o presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar in vitro o efeito do extrato hidroalcoólico da casca da planta Astronium fraxinifolium, espécie típica do Cerrado brasileiro e empregada na medicina popular no tratamento contra inflamações, diarréias e úlceras gástricas. Para este fim, avaliou-se a atividade sobre o crescimento e aderência de trofozoítos de cepa autóctone de Giardia duodenalis isolada e axenizada em Botucatu, São Paulo. Em todos os ensaios, 105 trofozoítos da cepa BTU-11 foram inoculados em tubos contendo 4,5ml de meio TYI-S-33 e 100μl do extrato nas concentrações de 125; 250; 375 e 500 μg/ml. Para avaliar a atividade sobre o crescimento, os parasitas foram incubados com o extrato durante 24, 48 e 72 horas a 37°C. Nos experimentos que verificaram o efeito sobre a aderência, somente os parasitas aderidos às paredes dos tubos foram incubados com o extrato, durante 24 e 48 horas a 37°C. Em cada ensaio, os trofozoítos recuperados foram contados em câmara de Neubauer e a atividade sobre... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Estimativa de abundância do Boto-Cinza, Sotalia Guianensis, no complexo estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia (SP): gerando subsídios para a carta SAO

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Amplificação, clonagem e sequenciamento de promotores de café (Coffea arabica cv Mundo Novo) específicos de fruto e ubíquos

The Coffee Genome Project made available to the scientific community relevant information that made practical the identification and cloning of important genes, as well as the identification of the major sequences involved on their regulation. The aim of the present study was to amplify, clone and sequence coffee promoters with specific expression patterns. For that, coffee ESTs which known expression profiles were employed. First, the promoter regions of coffee genes showing, respectively, fruitspecific and ubiquitous expression were amplified using the Genome Walking strategy. Amplified sequences were then inserted in the pGEM-Teasy vector (Promega) and sequenced. Once completed the sequencing, an expression cassette was constructed using the binary vector pCAMBIA-1381z (Cambia). These expression cassettes were cloned into Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and transgenic tobacco plants were generated aiming the functional characterization of these promoters

Avaliação da atenuação da toxicidade de lodo de esgoto por associação com resíduo vegetal da indústria sucro-alcooleira

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Regiões competitivas agrícolas e vulnerabilidade territorial: o papel do Consórcio Pesquisa Café

This academic work presents the final results of the undergraduate research about new agricultural technical systems developed by “Consórcio Pesquisa Café��� (CPC), which main objective was to analyze the impacts of scientific inputs in different coffee producing regions, particularly in South of Minas Gerais. The creation of the CPC meets the demands of a global scientific coffee-growing (SANTOS, 2000) under development in the current period technical-scientific-informational (SANTOS, 2009). On this period, also called globalization, the technoscience, the information and the finances guide the actions of companies and institutions submitted by imperative of competitiveness on international market. The Brazilian’s coffee-growing regions (South of Minas Gerais, Cerrado Mineiro, Espírito Santos Ridge’s, Western Bahia, among others) on search of higher productivities, begin gather technical, informational and communicational densities (SANTOS, 2009). Considering these facts, we detail in this research, the major agricultural technical systems developed by “Consórcio Pesquisa Café��� (CPC), expressed in new management techniques, new cultivars and new chemicals, mechanical and biological inputs. In the concluding part of this undergraduate research we analyze how these new technical systems contribute to increased competitiveness and vulnerability of South of Minas Gerais in front of international market