Catalunya o la república de les biblioteques: de l'estat natural a la cooperació

L'article presenta l'estat de la qüestió de la cooperació interbibliotecària -biblioteca nacional, biblioteques universitàries, especialitzades i públiques- a Catalunya entre l'any 1993, data de promulgació de la Llei del Sistema Bibliotecari de Catalunya, i el 2007. Prenent com a punt de partida la teoria del pacte social de Thomas Hobbes, s'ofereixen uns apunts històrics i terminològics, es mostra l'evolució de la cooperació pel que fa al model organitzatiu -sistemes, xarxes i consorcis-, els canvis en les activitats desenvolupades, els avantatges i inconvenients i les perspectives de futur.

Reading films through political classics : genres of politics in popular cultures

Abstract: Readin films through political classics

[Illustrations de Descriptio ac delineatio geographica detectionis freti supra terras Americanas in China atque, Japonem ducturi] / [Non identifié] ; Henry Hudson, aut. du texte

Comprend : [Fig. au verso de la Page de Titre : un trois-mâts, enseigne de l'imprimeur.] [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140] ; [pl. double après le Titre :] Planisphère. [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140] ; [Carte double et dépl. après le Prologue : carte nautique de l'Atlantique Nord. Blason armorié avec devise "Dieu est mon droit".] Tabula Nautica (...). [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140] ; [Fig. après folio C2 : un Samoyède sur son traineau. Idoles vôtives.] [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140] ; [Carte dépl. et double avant folio C3 : carte de l'Arctique.] [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140] ; [Fig. au verso du Second Titre : un trois-mâts, enseigne de l'imprimeur.] [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140] ; [Carte double en reg. folio A2 : carte du Pôle, Norvège, Groënland, Nouvelle-Zélande etc.] [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140] ; [pl. double après p.16 : morses du grand Nord. Région du Spitzsberghe.] [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140] ; [Fig. p.18 : baleine du cercle polaire. Région du Spitzsberghe.] [Cote : G 3486/Microfilm R 122140]

Looking for orders of magnitude : five essays in trade and the environment and economic geography

General Summary Although the chapters of this thesis address a variety of issues, the principal aim is common: test economic ideas in an international economic context. The intention has been to supply empirical findings using the largest suitable data sets and making use of the most appropriate empirical techniques. This thesis can roughly be divided into two parts: the first one, corresponding to the first two chapters, investigates the link between trade and the environment, the second one, the last three chapters, is related to economic geography issues. Environmental problems are omnipresent in the daily press nowadays and one of the arguments put forward is that globalisation causes severe environmental problems through the reallocation of investments and production to countries with less stringent environmental regulations. A measure of the amplitude of this undesirable effect is provided in the first part. The third and the fourth chapters explore the productivity effects of agglomeration. The computed spillover effects between different sectors indicate how cluster-formation might be productivity enhancing. The last chapter is not about how to better understand the world but how to measure it and it was just a great pleasure to work on it. "The Economist" writes every week about the impressive population and economic growth observed in China and India, and everybody agrees that the world's center of gravity has shifted. But by how much and how fast did it shift? An answer is given in the last part, which proposes a global measure for the location of world production and allows to visualize our results in Google Earth. A short summary of each of the five chapters is provided below. The first chapter, entitled "Unraveling the World-Wide Pollution-Haven Effect" investigates the relative strength of the pollution haven effect (PH, comparative advantage in dirty products due to differences in environmental regulation) and the factor endowment effect (FE, comparative advantage in dirty, capital intensive products due to differences in endowments). We compute the pollution content of imports using the IPPS coefficients (for three pollutants, namely biological oxygen demand, sulphur dioxide and toxic pollution intensity for all manufacturing sectors) provided by the World Bank and use a gravity-type framework to isolate the two above mentioned effects. Our study covers 48 countries that can be classified into 29 Southern and 19 Northern countries and uses the lead content of gasoline as proxy for environmental stringency. For North-South trade we find significant PH and FE effects going in the expected, opposite directions and being of similar magnitude. However, when looking at world trade, the effects become very small because of the high North-North trade share, where we have no a priori expectations about the signs of these effects. Therefore popular fears about the trade effects of differences in environmental regulations might by exaggerated. The second chapter is entitled "Is trade bad for the Environment? Decomposing worldwide SO2 emissions, 1990-2000". First we construct a novel and large database containing reasonable estimates of SO2 emission intensities per unit labor that vary across countries, periods and manufacturing sectors. Then we use these original data (covering 31 developed and 31 developing countries) to decompose the worldwide SO2 emissions into the three well known dynamic effects (scale, technique and composition effect). We find that the positive scale (+9,5%) and the negative technique (-12.5%) effect are the main driving forces of emission changes. Composition effects between countries and sectors are smaller, both negative and of similar magnitude (-3.5% each). Given that trade matters via the composition effects this means that trade reduces total emissions. We next construct, in a first experiment, a hypothetical world where no trade happens, i.e. each country produces its imports at home and does no longer produce its exports. The difference between the actual and this no-trade world allows us (under the omission of price effects) to compute a static first-order trade effect. The latter now increases total world emissions because it allows, on average, dirty countries to specialize in dirty products. However, this effect is smaller (3.5%) in 2000 than in 1990 (10%), in line with the negative dynamic composition effect identified in the previous exercise. We then propose a second experiment, comparing effective emissions with the maximum or minimum possible level of SO2 emissions. These hypothetical levels of emissions are obtained by reallocating labour accordingly across sectors within each country (under the country-employment and the world industry-production constraints). Using linear programming techniques, we show that emissions are reduced by 90% with respect to the worst case, but that they could still be reduced further by another 80% if emissions were to be minimized. The findings from this chapter go together with those from chapter one in the sense that trade-induced composition effect do not seem to be the main source of pollution, at least in the recent past. Going now to the economic geography part of this thesis, the third chapter, entitled "A Dynamic Model with Sectoral Agglomeration Effects" consists of a short note that derives the theoretical model estimated in the fourth chapter. The derivation is directly based on the multi-regional framework by Ciccone (2002) but extends it in order to include sectoral disaggregation and a temporal dimension. This allows us formally to write present productivity as a function of past productivity and other contemporaneous and past control variables. The fourth chapter entitled "Sectoral Agglomeration Effects in a Panel of European Regions" takes the final equation derived in chapter three to the data. We investigate the empirical link between density and labour productivity based on regional data (245 NUTS-2 regions over the period 1980-2003). Using dynamic panel techniques allows us to control for the possible endogeneity of density and for region specific effects. We find a positive long run elasticity of density with respect to labour productivity of about 13%. When using data at the sectoral level it seems that positive cross-sector and negative own-sector externalities are present in manufacturing while financial services display strong positive own-sector effects. The fifth and last chapter entitled "Is the World's Economic Center of Gravity Already in Asia?" computes the world economic, demographic and geographic center of gravity for 1975-2004 and compares them. Based on data for the largest cities in the world and using the physical concept of center of mass, we find that the world's economic center of gravity is still located in Europe, even though there is a clear shift towards Asia. To sum up, this thesis makes three main contributions. First, it provides new estimates of orders of magnitudes for the role of trade in the globalisation and environment debate. Second, it computes reliable and disaggregated elasticities for the effect of density on labour productivity in European regions. Third, it allows us, in a geometrically rigorous way, to track the path of the world's economic center of gravity.

Quantitative Assessment of Soil Physical Quality in Northern China Based on S-theory

ABSTRACT Quantitative assessment of soil physical quality is of great importance for eco-environmental pollution and soil quality studies. In this paper, based on the S-theory, data from 16 collection sites in the Haihe River Basin in northern China were used, and the effects of soil particle size distribution and bulk density on three important indices of theS-theory were investigated on a regional scale. The relationships between unsaturated hydraulic conductivityKi at the inflection point and S values (S/hi) were also studied using two different types of fitting equations. The results showed that the polynomial equation was better than the linear equation for describing the relationships between -log Ki and -logS, and -log Kiand -log (S/hi)2; and clay content was the most important factor affecting the soil physical quality index (S). The variation in the S index according to soil clay content was able to be fitted using a double-linear-line approach, with decrease in the S index being much faster for clay content less than 20 %. In contrast, the bulk density index was found to be less important than clay content. The average S index was 0.077, indicating that soil physical quality in the Haihe River Basin was good.

Positivismo e matemática escolar dos livros didáticos no advento da República

O estudo da presença da matriz positivista na história da educação brasileira vem sendo feito, muitas vezes, de forma mecânica e reducionista pela historiografia tradicional. A partir da perspectiva da história cultural, este artigo toma o livro didático como objeto cultural para mostrar que tipo de apropriação o cotidiano escolar realizou, por ocasião do advento da República, do pensamento positivista no ensino da matemática escolar. Tal análise concentra-se na resposta à questão: existiu, em algum momento da história da educação brasileira, uma matemática escolar positivista?

Euroopan yhteisöjen tuomioistuimen tuomio 1.6.1999 asiassa C-126/97 (Eco Swiss China Time)

Kilpailu - Välimiesoikeuden velvollisuus soveltaa omasta aloitteestaan 81 EY artiklaa (aiemmin 85 artiklaa) - 81 EY artiklan ordre public -luonne - Kansallisen tuomioistuimen velvollisuus kumota välitystuomio

Artes de musicar e de improvisar na cultura popular

O artigo explora bases de sustentabilidade do valor patrimonial das chamadas culturas marginais, tomando como referente empírico as artes de musicar e de improvisar. aos preconceitos que associam a cultura popular à frivolidade se contrapõem evidências da sua criatividade. para isso, comparam-se tendências e influências musicais de um e outro lado do atlântico (portugal e brasil), na base de uma matriz partilhada de repentes e improvisações. os exemplos do fado e do samba são usados para ilustrar as variações simbólicas, no decurso do tempo, das produções culturais: dos antros de marginalidade podem emergir ícones de nacionalidade. em seguida, em um estudo de caso envolvendo jovens portugueses afrodescendentes, sem motivação extrínseca ou intrínseca para as aprendizagens do ensino formal, mostram-se reais possibilidades de emancipação através da música e da dança. finalmente, equaciona-se a possibilidade de a educação, dada a sua aposta no conhecimento, poder constituir uma importante plataforma de reconhecimento do valor patrimonial das culturas populares.

El conte popular català com a eina de transmissió dels valors educatius

Al final dels anys setanta neix una nova manera d'explicar contes, a partir de contistes sovint urbans i cultes, utilitzant recursos no directament tradicionals, i amb una relació amb l'auditori que s'apropa més aviat a l'espectacle instituït que no pas a la transmissió de coneixements i fantasies deis nostres avantpassats. Es configura una etapa caracteritzada per l'arraconament i l'oblit del conte popular catala; paral-lelament van desenvolupant-se noves técniques que proporcionen educació i basicament distracció als nens i nenes.