Brazilian medical publications: citation patterns for Brazilian-edited and non-Brazilian literature

Today, the quality of a scientific article depends on the periodical in which it is published and on the number of times the article is cited in the literature. In Brazil, the criteria for the evaluation of this scientific production are improving. However, there is still some resistance, with authors arguing that Brazilian publications must be preferentially addressed to the national readers and, therefore, they should ideally be written in Portuguese. In order to determine the kind of scientific journals cited in the reference lists of articles published in medical periodicals edited in Brazil, in the present study we determine the rate of Portuguese/English citations. Three issues of 43 periodicals (19 indexed in SciELO, 10 in PubMed, 10 in LILACS, and 4 in the ISI-Thompson base) of different medical specialties were analyzed, and the number of both Portuguese and English citations in the reference list of each article was recorded. The results showed that in Brazilian-edited journals the mean number of citations/article was 20.9 ± 6.9 and the percentage of citations of international non-Brazilian periodicals was 86.0 ± 11.2%. Of the latter, 94.4 ± 7.0 are indexed by ISI-Thompson. Therefore, we conclude that Brazilian medical scientists cite the international non-Brazilian periodicals more than the national journals, and most of the cited papers are indexed by ISI-Thompson.

Westerners in search of the legendary potion : ayahuasca travel in the borderland between tourism and pilgrimage

The thesis examines the phenomenon most commonly known as “ayahuasca tourism” – i.e. the practice of westerners traveling to South America and partaking in ceremonies in which a powerful entheogenic brew, ayahuasca, is consumed. While this popular phenomenon has been steadily increasing during the last decades, it has, however, been insufficiently studied by scholars. An important question which has not been properly addressed in earlier studies is how ayahuasca tourism relates to the wider occurrence of travel and how it should be perceived with reference to the theoretical frameworks on the subject of travel. Drawing on theories regarding pilgrimage and tourism, the main purpose of this thesis is to examine the relationship between ayahuasca tourism and the broader spectrum of travel. In particular, the study tests the designations “pilgrimage”, “religious tourism” and “spiritual tourism” with reference to ayahuasca tourism. Utilizing earlier literature as well as ayahuasca tourists‟ reports obtained from an Internet forum as a basis for analysis, I search for a suitable terminology to be used for the phenomenon. The study lays special emphasis on the protagonists‟ motivations, experiences and outcomes in order to take note of various aspects of the wide-ranging occurrence of ayahuasca tourism. Key findings indicate that ayahuasca tourism is best understood as a combination of pilgrimage and tourism. On the basis of the analysis I argue that ayahuasca tourism should be labeled as “pilgrimage” and/or “spiritual tourism”, and the tourists respectively as “pilgrims” and/or “spiritual tourists”. The category of “religious tourism/tourist”, on the other hand, turns out to be an inappropriate designation when describing the phenomenon. In general, through my study I show that the results are consistent with the present trend in the study of travel to perceive pilgrimage and tourism as theoretically similar phenomena. The study of ayahuasca tourism serves thus as living proof of contemporary travel, in which the categories of pilgrimage and tourism are often indistinguishable. I suggest that ayahuasca tourism is by no means exceptional on this point, but can rather be used as an illustration of modern travel forms on a general level. Thus, the present study does not only add to the research of ayahuasca tourism, but also provides additional insights into the study of travel.

Rosai-Dorfman disease: a report of eight cases in a tertiary care center and a review of the literature

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a nonmalignant histiocytic disorder of unknown origin that is extremely rare. By immunohistochemistry, the RDD cells are characteristically S-100 positive and CD1a negative. Emperipolesis is a common histopathological finding, although not specific for RDD. Lymph node and cutaneous manifestations are most frequent, but diverse organs can be affected. The clinical course is unpredictable regardless of treatment. Here, we present a series of 8 cases presenting lymph node and/or cutaneous lesions. Lymph node involvement was seen in diverse regions, including mediastinal and retroperitoneal. The treatment response to steroids was diversified, and the chemotherapy response was disappointing. Associated autoimmune diseases (Sjögren syndrome and antiphospholipid syndrome) were observed in 2 patients. Regardless of therapy modality, these patients exhibited a favorable prognosis in a follow-up duration that ranged from 15 to 80 months.

Evaluation of a father and son with atypical chronic myeloid leukemia with SETBP1 mutations and a review of the literature

We report the case of a father and son diagnosed with atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML). Both patients harbored SETBP1 mutations, which are present in 24.3% of aCML patients. Moreover, both shared the variant encoding p.Pro737His, but the aCML severity was greater in the son because of the presence of two other missense mutations causing p.Asp868Asn and p.Ser885Arg alterations. SETBP1 mutations may be associated with an adverse prognosis, so their detection would help in the diagnosis of aCML and the determination of a patient's prognosis.

Development and applications of the SWAN rating scale for assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a literature review

This study reviewed the use of the Strengths and Weaknesses of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity-symptoms and Normal-behaviors (SWAN) rating scale in diagnostic and evolutive approaches to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and in correlational studies of the disorder. A review of articles published in indexed journals from electronic databases was conducted and 61 articles on the SWAN scale were analyzed. From these, 27 were selected to a) examine use of SWAN in research on attention disorders and b) verify evidence of its usefulness in the areas of genetics, neuropsychology, diagnostics, psychiatric comorbidities, neuroimaging, pharmacotherapy, and to examine its statistical reliability and validity in studies of diverse populations. This review of articles indicated a growing use of the SWAN scale for diagnostic purposes, for therapy, and in research on areas other than ADHD, especially when compared with other reliable scales. Use of the scale in ADHD diagnosis requires further statistical testing to define its psychometric properties.

Hardware Accelarated Visual Tracking Algorithms. A Systematic Literature Review

Many industrial applications need object recognition and tracking capabilities. The algorithms developed for those purposes are computationally expensive. Yet ,real time performance, high accuracy and small power consumption are essential measures of the system. When all these requirements are combined, hardware acceleration of these algorithms becomes a feasible solution. The purpose of this study is to analyze the current state of these hardware acceleration solutions, which algorithms have been implemented in hardware and what modifications have been done in order to adapt these algorithms to hardware.

Novel Interaction Techniques for Mobile Augmented Reality applications. A Systematic Literature Review

This study reviews the research on interaction techniques and methods that could be applied in mobile augmented reality scenarios. The review is focused on themost recent advances and considers especially the use of head-mounted displays. Inthe review process, we have followed a systematic approach, which makes the reviewtransparent, repeatable, and less prone to human errors than if it was conducted in amore traditional manner. The main research subjects covered in the review are headorientation and gaze-tracking, gestures and body part-tracking, and multimodality– as far as the subjects are related to human-computer interaction. Besides these,also a number of other areas of interest will be discussed.

Recent advances in monocular model-based tracking: a systematic literature review

In this paper, we review the advances of monocular model-based tracking for last ten years period until 2014. In 2005, Lepetit, et. al, [19] reviewed the status of monocular model based rigid body tracking. Since then, direct 3D tracking has become quite popular research area, but monocular model-based tracking should still not be forgotten. We mainly focus on tracking, which could be applied to aug- mented reality, but also some other applications are covered. Given the wide subject area this paper tries to give a broad view on the research that has been conducted, giving the reader an introduction to the different disciplines that are tightly related to model-based tracking. The work has been conducted by searching through well known academic search databases in a systematic manner, and by selecting certain publications for closer examination. We analyze the results by dividing the found papers into different categories by their way of implementation. The issues which have not yet been solved are discussed. We also discuss on emerging model-based methods such as fusing different types of features and region-based pose estimation which could show the way for future research in this subject.

Map matching by using inertial sensors: literature review

This literature review aims to clarify what is known about map matching by using inertial sensors and what are the requirements for map matching, inertial sensors, placement and possible complementary position technology. The target is to develop a wearable location system that can position itself within a complex construction environment automatically with the aid of an accurate building model. The wearable location system should work on a tablet computer which is running an augmented reality (AR) solution and is capable of track and visualize 3D-CAD models in real environment. The wearable location system is needed to support the system in initialization of the accurate camera pose calculation and automatically finding the right location in the 3D-CAD model. One type of sensor which does seem applicable to people tracking is inertial measurement unit (IMU). The IMU sensors in aerospace applications, based on laser based gyroscopes, are big but provide a very accurate position estimation with a limited drift. Small and light units such as those based on Micro-Electro-Mechanical (MEMS) sensors are becoming very popular, but they have a significant bias and therefore suffer from large drifts and require method for calibration like map matching. The system requires very little fixed infrastructure, the monetary cost is proportional to the number of users, rather than to the coverage area as is the case for traditional absolute indoor location systems.

Serbian ilmapuolustus Kosovon sodassa

Pro gradu -tutkimusprosessin käynnistävänä ajatuksena oli ymmärryksen lisääminen siitä, miten odotusarvoltaan heikompana pidetyn osapuolen (Serbia) ilmapuolustus kykeni toimimaan ja toiminnallaan häiritsemään ylivoimaisena pidetyn vastustajan (Nato) ilmahyökkäystä. Tutkimuksen tarkoitus oli selvittää, miten Serbian ilmapuolustus toimi Kosovon sodassa operaatio Allied Forcen aikana. Kysymykseen vastattiin alakysymysten kautta, joilla selvitettiin toimintaympäristön ja muiden olosuhteiden vaikutusta sodan kulkuun, Naton käytössä olleiden resurssien ja toimintatapojen vaikutusta ilmahyökkäyksen toteuttamiseen sekä Serbian ilmapuolustuksen käyttöperiaatteiden, resurssien ja toimintatapojen vaikutusta sodan kulkuun ja lopputulokseen. Tutkimus toteutettiin laadullisena tutkimuksena sisällönanalyysin tutkimusmenetelmiä käyttäen. Selittävänä tutkimuksena lähdeaineistosta pyrittiin löytämään syyseuraussuhteita. Lähdeaineiston kokoamisen ja kriittisen tarkastelun jälkeen perehdyttiin tutkimuksessa käytettyihin käsitteisiin ja muodostettiin teoreettinen käsitys sekä Naton ilmahyökkäysoperaatiosta että Serbian ilmapuolustuksen yleisestä toimintamallista. Tätä seurasi aineiston karkea luokittelu, tutkimustehtävän ja siinä käytettävien käsitteiden täsmentäminen sekä ilmiöiden esiintymistiheyksiin ja poikkeuksiin paneutuminen. Aineiston suppeudesta johtuen sen ristiinvalidointi jäi vähäiseksi, mutta yksittäiset tiedot pyrittiin varmentamaan muista saman kategorian lähteistä. Kosovon sotaa pidetään äärimmäisyyksien sotana, sillä ensimmäistä kertaa historian aikana tämäntasoinen konflikti kyettiin kukistamaan pelkän ilmavoiman toiminnalla. Kyseessä oli merkittävä sota myös siksi, että Naton joukot säästyivät kokonaan henkilöstötappioilta ja kärsivät vain vähäisiä kalustomenetyksiä. Muutaman päivän kestävään sotaan varautuneen Naton ennakko-oletuksesta poiketen ilmaoperaatio kesti kuitenkin pitkään eli 78 päivää. Vielä tänä päivänäkin kiistellään syistä, joiden ansiosta Serbian ilmapuolustus kesti näinkin kauan. Yleisesti ollaan kuitenkin sitä mieltä, että säällä ja toimintaympäristöllä oli merkittävä – ellei suorastaan ratkaiseva osuus Serbian ilmapuolustuksen toiminnassa. Lisäksi serbijoukkojen käyttämä taktiikka tarkasta tutkaemission kontrollista ja siten näkymättömissä pysyminen, pienissä ryhmissä liikkuminen sekä nopeiden sijoitusmuutosten toteuttaminen vaikeuttivat Naton yrityksiä lamauttaa Serbian ilmapuolustus. Paikallinen maasto suosi serbien liikkuvien järjestelmien naamiointia ja salaamista, mutta toisaalta se vaikeutti niiden siirtymistä ja optimaalisiin taisteluasemiin pääsemistä. Lisäksi serbien kiinteät tutkajärjestelmät jäivät altavastaajiksi Naton moderniin kalustoon verrattuna. Nerokas valemaalien käyttö ja harhauttaminen kuitenkin vaikeuttivat Naton operaation toteuttamista. Serbit olivat hyvin tietoisia Naton toimintatavoista saatuaan aitiopaikalta seurata sen ilmahyökkäystä Bosnia-Hertsegovinaan kolme vuotta aikaisemmin vuonna 1995. Itse asiassa he olivat jopa varautuneet vastaavaan vihollisdoktriiniin. Serbian kerroksellinen ilmapuolustusjärjestelmä, jossa eri korkeuksille kykeneviä ilmantorjuntayksiköitä oli sijoitettu samalle alueelle, pakotti Naton koneet lentämään yli 15 000 jalan korkeudella. Tämä puolestaan vaikeutti Naton pommitustehtäviä lisäten riskiä pommien putoamisesta siviilialueille. Suurimpana syynä sodan pitkittymiselle pidetään kuitenkin Naton päätöstä olla käyttämättä maajoukkoja, mikä mahdollisti serbien valitseman taktiikan käyttämisen.

Depth sensors in augmented reality solutions. Literature review

The emergence of depth sensors has made it possible to track – not only monocular cues – but also the actual depth values of the environment. This is especially useful in augmented reality solutions, where the position and orientation (pose) of the observer need to be accurately determined. This allows virtual objects to be installed to the view of the user through, for example, a screen of a tablet or augmented reality glasses (e.g. Google glass, etc.). Although the early 3D sensors have been physically quite large, the size of these sensors is decreasing, and possibly – eventually – a 3D sensor could be embedded – for example – to augmented reality glasses. The wider subject area considered in this review is 3D SLAM methods, which take advantage of the 3D information available by modern RGB-D sensors, such as Microsoft Kinect. Thus the review for SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) and 3D tracking in augmented reality is a timely subject. We also try to find out the limitations and possibilities of different tracking methods, and how they should be improved, in order to allow efficient integration of the methods to the augmented reality solutions of the future.

Inter-jurisdictional fiscal competition: a review of the literature and policy recommendations

This paper surveys the literature on fiscal competition. We consider tax and expenditure competition in a more general set up where different jurisdictions within a federation may compete in the provision of public goods in order to attract some residents (Tiebout, 1956) and expel others (Brueckner, 1999); and/or for business. We address the vast literature on welfare gains or losses of these types of competition. Then, we discuss the empirical evidence, focusing on estimates of the sensitiveness of production factors to tax differentials and on the importance of the strategic interdependence among jurisdictions. We combine econometric studies with some case studies. Last we discuss the design of mechanisms to cope with fiscal competition, especially under a more global environment where factors become more mobile.