886 resultados para RYO tobacco
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从菠菜中克隆甜菜碱醛脱氢酶( betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase,BADH)基因并转化烟草, 研究转基因烟草光合作用对高温和盐胁迫等环境胁迫的抗性机理,利用外源甜菜碱研究在正常条件下对植物光合作用的影响以及在盐胁迫下外源甜菜碱对玉米幼曲光合作刚的保护机理。主要结果如下: 转BADH基因烟草中能合成甘氨酸甜菜碱,合成的甜菜碱主要积累于叶绿体中。转BADH 基因烟草提高了对高温胁迫的抗性,在中度高温胁迫下,转基冈烟草生长利光合作用对高温 的抗性增强。中度高温胁迫下,转基冈烟草光合作用的维持是由于甜菜碱对Rubisco活化酶的保护作用。在中度高温胁迫下甜菜碱通过维持Rubisco活化酶的活化态以及阻止Rubisco 活化酶山可溶性问质向类囊体的聚集,从而维持了Rubisco活化酶的活性,进而维持了C02 的同化。在严重高温胁迫下,烟草光系统II受到影响,转BADH基冈烟草通过提高体内抗氧化酶系统的功能,减轻了高温胁迫对光合机构造成的活性氧伤害,高温胁迫下转基因烟草体内抗氧化酶如SOD、APX、GR等酶活性明显高于野生型。在高温胁迫下,证明了甜菜碱对光系统II的保护作用主要在氧化侧,严重高温胁迫下,转基因烟草维持较高的PSII活性。 转BADH基因烟草提高了对盐胁迫的抗性,盐胁迫下转基因烟草光合作用的维持与盐胁迫下转基因烟草较高的气孔导度和抗氧化酶活性的提高有关。 外源甜菜碱在正常的非胁迫条件下对植物的生长有促进作用,而这一作用与光合速率的提高有关。通过对气孔导度、光合碳同化关键酶以及叶绿素荧光分析证明,甜菜碱对光合作用的促进与气孔导度的提高有关,同时甜菜碱提高了光系统ll的实际光化学效率。 外源甜菜碱提高了盐胁迫条件下植物的抗性,抗盐性的提高与盐胁迫下甜菜碱对气孔导度的提高以及维持较高的光系统II光化学活性有关。
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根瘤菌不但可以在豆科植物的根部形成共生固氮的根瘤,而且还可以在自然条件下与重要的谷类作物的根形成内生的联合作用。尽管内生菌在植物中广泛存在,但是关于根瘤菌在植物根内的定殖方式还有许多未知。根瘤菌作为内生菌与水稻相互作用的分子机制目前还不清楚。本研究应用显微镜观察、分子生物学和蛋白质组学的研究技术,对内生根瘤菌与植物相互作用,并促进生长的机制进行了探索。 我们用带有gfp标记的根瘤菌分别接种非豆科植物水稻、烟草和豆科植物,应用激光共聚焦显微镜和平板分离,检测其在健康植物组织内的侵染、定殖和分布过程及其对植物生长生理的影响。结果表明: 1.根瘤菌对水稻的侵染是一个动态的过程,它开始于根际表面的定殖,然后从根的裂隙进入根内,向上迁移到叶鞘和叶部分,并且发展为较高的群体密度。水稻接种不同种类的根瘤菌,显著增加了根和地上部分的生物量,提高了光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率和旗叶的叶面积,并且在植物体内积累了更高浓度的植物激素(生长素和赤霉素)。 2.根瘤菌同样可以在烟草体内由根部向植物地上部分的茎、叶迁移,并从叶的气孔溢出到叶的表面,具有附生-内生-附生生活方式的转换。同时,根瘤菌还可以沿植物的表面从根到地上部分迁移。在植物的生殖生长阶段,内生根瘤菌仍然保持活动性,可以进入烟草子房的子房壁、胎座和胚珠内,暗示根瘤菌通过种子向子代垂直传播的可能性。 3.根瘤菌与豆科植物形成共生固氮根瘤的同时,还可以以内生菌的生态方式定殖于豆科植物中,同样有类似于水稻、烟草的方式在体内由根向地上部分迁移。这种定殖和迁移与根瘤菌胞外多糖和鞭毛的有和无没有关系。 内生根瘤菌促进植物生长的原因是人们一直关心的问题。将根瘤菌固氮正调控基因nifA的启动子与gfp基因构建成融合质粒,设计其他nif相关基因的引物,对有内生根瘤菌的水稻和豆科植物的RNA,进行RT-PCR,表明,虽然定殖于豆科植物体内的内生根瘤菌nifA基因有表达,但是其他的nif基因不表达,因而内生根瘤菌对植物的促生作用不是固氮作用的结果。 我们还用蛋白质组学的方法,分析了Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021和Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS 571接种水稻根部后的植物根、叶鞘和叶组织的蛋白质表达的差异变化。结果表明Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021接种水稻引起的差异蛋白在根内有21个,叶鞘内有19个,叶内有12个;Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS 571接种水稻引起的差异蛋白在根内有7个,叶鞘内有 8个,叶内有8个。蛋白功能的归类中有防卫反应、光合作用、植物生长素、碳和能量代谢及氮代谢相关蛋白的变化。特别是光合作用、植物生长素等相关蛋白的表达,与生理测定光合作用和生长素有提高是一致的,为内生根瘤菌促进水稻生长提供了一个方面的分子证据。 综上所述,表明内生根瘤菌和植物的联合作用比以前所认识的更为复杂,更具有侵染力和动态性。因此,本研究提高了人们对根瘤菌的新认识,不仅与豆科植物根部结瘤,进行共生固氮,而且以内生菌与水稻等植物联合,提高光合作用和生长素含量,促进生长,从另一个方面补充了根瘤菌对植物的有益作用,为根瘤菌作为广谱生物肥料的发展策略奠定分子基础,对可持续农业有重要意义。
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茉莉酸(JA)是由脂肪酸衍生而来的环戊酮化合物,广泛存在于自然界中,在植物逆境胁迫响应和生长发育调节过程中起重要作用。因此,JA被认为是一种新型植物激素。植物JA生物合成的最初底物是三烯脂肪酸(含有三个双键的十八碳和十六碳脂肪酸,18:3和16:3),这些脂肪酸经过脂氧合酶(LOX)、丙二烯氧化物合酶(AOS)和丙二烯氧化物环化酶(AOC)等一系列酶促反应,最终生成JA。JA生物合成所需要的三烯脂肪酸来自叶绿体膜脂。高等植物叶绿体类囊体膜含有四种极性甘油脂,它们是:单半乳糖甘油二酯(MGDG)、双半乳糖甘油二酯(DGDG)、硫代异鼠李糖甘油二酯(SQDG)和磷脂酰甘油(PG)。但是人们尚不清楚JA生物合成所需要的三烯脂肪酸主要来自哪一种膜脂。 最近,我们利用RNA干扰技术获得了烟草MGDG部分缺失的突变体。MGDG是质体中最重要的甘油脂,其含量高达50%,其中含有的三烯脂肪酸约占总脂中三烯脂肪酸含量的65%。本研究的目的是以烟草MGDG缺失的突变体(mgd1)为材料,通过研究MGDG缺失对茉莉酸生物合成的影响,阐明半乳糖脂与JA生物合成的关系。 首先我们对野生型烟草(WT)和mgd1的相关生物学特性进行了研究,包括甘油脂和脂肪酸组成。结果表明,mgd1烟草叶片中MGDG含量降低了57%,同时,其三烯脂肪酸相对含量也大幅度降低。其中十六碳三烯酸(16:3)降低了78%,亚麻酸(18:3)含量减少了28%。因此,由于MGDG缺失,类囊体中的三烯脂肪酸降低了27%。这一结果说明了JA生物合成的底物大幅度减少。 为了说明MGDG缺失导致的三烯脂肪酸含量的减少是否影响到JA的含量,我们利用GC-MS方法比较了WT和mgd1烟草中JA的含量。结果表明,mgd1叶片中的JA含量较WT降低了50%,说明了MGDG的缺失影响了JA的生物合成。 伤害可以诱导JA在短时间内大量合成。我们比较了机械损伤后JA在WT和mgd1叶片中积累的动态过程。伤害同时可以使WT和mgd1叶片中的JA含量增加,并且在1小时达到最大值。但是,JA在两种烟草叶片中增加的幅度不同,WT叶片受伤1小时后JA含量是未受伤时的5倍,而mgd1叶片受伤1小时后,其JA含量只增加了1倍。这些结果说明了MGDG缺失可以严重影响伤害诱导的 JA 的积累,MGDG是JA的生物合成底物的重要来源。 我们进一步研究了MGDG缺失对JA生物合成相关酶基因表达的影响。 LOX1和AOC编码JA生物合成途径中的关键酶LOX和AOC。RT-PCR分析表明mgd1叶片中这两个基因受伤害激活的程度比WT弱。进一步说明突变体中JA合成受到影响。 植物受到伤害时内源JA含量增加,并激活防御基因的表达。我们的结果显示,当植物受伤害后,mgd1叶片中与JA信号转导相关的防御基因HPL,PI-I和PI-II的表达量增加幅度明显低于WT。这说明突变体中JA信号转导途径受到了抑制。 JA在植物对昆虫侵害的防御反应中起重要作用,上述结果表明突变体对伤害响应受到削弱。昆虫饲喂实验显示,棉铃虫更趋向食用mgd1植株叶片,取食mgd1植株的棉铃虫的体重增加较多。这些结果与WT和mgd1在JA含量、防御相关基因表达方面的差异相一致。外源施加茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)能够恢复mgd1的抗虫性和防御基因的表达,说明JA是恢复mgd1抗虫性所必须的。 上述结果表明MGDG缺失使JA生物合成受到影响,尤其是JA在植物受到伤害后的生物合成。对于这一现象的可能的解释是:MGDG是JA生物合成底物的主要来源,由于mgd1中缺少大量的MGDG,当植物受到伤害时,MGDG不能释放出足够三烯脂肪酸来合成JA,导致其含量降低,破坏了JA信号途径,最终使得植株表现出抗性降低等特性。我们的研究证明了MGDG可以作为JA生物合成的底物来源在JA信号途径中起重要作用。
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烟草野蛞蝓是云南省景东县太忠乡烟草苗期的重要害虫。该虫在太忠山区烟地1 年发生5~6 代,世代重叠严 重,以幼体、成体和卵堆在田埂裂缝、地块间隙越冬。3 月上中旬~5 月中下旬当气温升达25~30 ℃时,气候干燥,而烟 苗地浇水或潮湿,野蛞蝓以幼体、成体入烟苗地取食危害烟草幼苗,造成缺苗、断苗或缺墒少垄。在室内控光条件下人 工饲养,其日取食活动除具昼夜时空规律外,同时明显受光照条件的影响。通过综合防治后,连续3 年在云南省景东 县太忠乡基本控制了该虫的发生危害,烟苗期发生危害面积由原来的10 %~15 %降为1 ‰~1. 5 ‰。
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下载PDF阅读器已知导入未编辑atp9 mRNA的烟草表现细胞质雄性不育(CMS),因此认为线粒体基因atp9是引起高等植物CMS的主要基因.为了解atp9在CMS中的作用机制,从3对烟草不育系及其同型保持系中提取atp9,利用实验与理论结合来分析其mRNA在编辑前后以及在不育系及其同型保持系中的一维、三维信息差别.结果表明,atp9 mRNA一维信息方面的差异,更重要的是二级结构的差异和稳定性,可能是影响ATP合成而导致CMS的根本原因.
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田间释放烟蚜茧蜂能很好地抑制烟蚜种群数量的增长。以常规施药烟田、不施药烟田作对照 ,在前期其对烟蚜的相对防效分别为 8.4%和 5 2 .8% ,中期为 6 4.0 %~ 79.0 %和 6 8.6 %~ 82 .3% ,后期为 93.0 %和 93.5 %。放蜂田烟蚜茧蜂成虫喜欢在烟株中下部叶片活动 ,1 3∶0 0~ 1 4∶0 0是其在烟株中下部活动的高峰期。烟蚜茧蜂对烟株下部叶片上烟蚜的较强选择性与烟蚜密度无关 ,下部叶片上的僵蚜数量均显著高于中、上和顶部。 1 3∶0 0~ 1 4∶0 0利用生物农药对烟株上部叶片上的烟蚜进行防治 ,既是烟蚜茧蜂与生物农药集成组装的切合点 ,又是保护利用田间烟蚜茧蜂的有效措施。
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The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, is a major pest of tobacco, Nicotiana tabacum, in Yunnan province, China, where its control still depends on the use of insecticides. In recent years, the local government and farmers have sought to improve the biological control of this tobacco pest. In this paper, we present methods for mass rearing Aphidius gifuensis, a dominant endoparasitoid of M. persicae on tobacco plants in this region. The tobacco cultivar K326 (N. tabacum) was used as the host plant and M. persicae as the host insect. In the greenhouse, we collected tobacco seedlings for about 35 days (i.e., until the six-true-leaf stage), transferred them to 7.5-cm diameter pots, and kept these plants in the greenhouse for another 18 days. These pots were then transferred to an insectary-greenhouse, where the tobacco seedlings were inoculated with five to seven wingless adult M. persicae per pot. After 3 days, the infested seedlings were moved to a second greenhouse to allow the aphid population to increase, and after an additional 4 +/- 1 days when 182 +/- 4.25 aphid adults and nymphs were produced per pot, they were inoculated with A. gifuensis. With this rearing system, we were able to produce 256 +/- 8.8 aphid mummies per pot, with an emergence rate of 95.6 +/- 2.45%; 69% were females. The daily cost of parasite production (recurring costs only) was US$ 0.06 per 1000 aphid mummies. With this technique, we released 109 800 parasitoids in 1998, 196 000 in 1999, 780 000 in 2000, and 5 600 000 in 2001 during a 2-month period each year This production method is discussed with respect to countrywide usage in biological control and integrated control of M. persicae.
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With the widespread exposure of people to nicotine through recreational use of tobacco products, research into nicotine has attracted increasing attention. Tobacco smoking is by far the most important cause of lung cancer. As the world's largest producer and consumer of tobacco products, China bears a large proportion of the global burden of smoking-related disease; therefore, information on nicotine publications should be collected to formulate future research policy. In the present study, we investigated nicotine-related research articles published by Chinese authors that were indexed in the Science Citation Index (SCI) from 1991 to 2007. An indicator "citations per publication" (CPP) was used in the study to evaluate the impact of journals, articles, and institutes. The quantity of publications has increased at a quicker pace than the worldwide trend. Article visibility, measured as the frequency of being cited, also increased during the period. However, the overall quality of articles, based on the impact factor of journals publishing those articles, dropped behind the worldwide average level. There has been an increase in international collaboration, mainly with researchers in the USA. The average CPP of international co-authorship articles was higher than that of single country publications. Besides the USA, nicotine research in China will benefit from more collaboration with Taiwan, England, and Germany. Some 110 of 264 articles were published by a single institute, and the top six institutes were compared from various angles. Seventy-two subject categories were covered, and trends (in terms of both quantity and quality) of nicotine research in China were compared with worldwide trends. In addition, analysis of keywords in both nicotine and lung cancer research fields was applied to indicate research interests. Mutual cooperation among multiple disciplines needs further strengthening.
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赤霉素是一种高效能的广谱植物生长调节剂,为五大植物激素之一,具有重要的生物学功能。目前利用赤霉素突变体研究生物合成途径和信号转导已经成为热点。 GA 20-氧化酶是GA生物合成中的一类关键酶,它位于GA合成途径的中心位置。本研究根据烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)GA 20-氧化酶基因序列,设计2对分别含有特定酶切位点的特异引物,以烟草基因组DNA为模板,扩增目的基因(约250 bp)片段。将正、反向目的片段分别插入中间载体的内含子两侧,再经BamH I和Sac I双酶切回收约700 bp的目的片段,插入到双元载体质粒p2355中,成功构建了含GA 20-氧化酶基因片段反向重复序列的植物表达载体p23700。分别将p2355质粒和p23700质粒导入根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)EHA105中并转化烟草叶片细胞,经卡那霉素选择培养,PCR及GUS组织染色鉴定,获得转基因烟草植株。以EHA105-p2355转化的烟草,获得41株转基因植株,均没有矮化表型;而以EHA105-p23700转化的烟草,获得转基因植株14株,其中具有矮化表型的烟草10株,表明反向重复序列转录产物能形成发夹RNA(hpRNA),产生小分子干扰RNA(small interferring RNA,简称siRNA),干扰目的基因的表达。 赤霉素含量测定表明矮化植株中赤霉素合成途径的最终产物GA3总含量明显低于野生型烟草植株。荧光定量PCR结果表明,矮化转基因烟草的GA 20-氧化酶基因表达量受到明显抑制,表达量明显低于野生型对照。同时对上游内根-贝壳杉合成酶(Ent-kaurene synthase,KS)基因,下游的GA-3β羟化酶基因进行了RT-PCR分析,结果显示上游基因的表达没有规律性变化,而下游基因表达量亦降低。上述结果表明,GA 20-氧化酶基因的表达被有效地干扰了,表达受到抑制,从而影响植株体内GA3的合成,影响植株的生长发育,导致植株矮化。并推测,GA 20-氧化酶基因受到抑制,可能影响下游基因的表达。并且通过干旱胁迫测试,发现矮化植株相对于野生型植株及不含干扰片段的转基因植株,对干旱的耐受力有了很大的提高,具有更强的耐受力。 研究结果为进一步进行相关研究奠定基础。 Gibberellin(GA) is an efficient plant growth regulator. As one of five major plant hormones, it plays an important biological function. Using GA mutant for investigating biosynthetic pathways and signal transduction has become high lights. GA 20-oxidase is a crucial enzyme involved in gibberellin biosynthesis. According to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) GA 20-oxidase enzyme gene sequence and based on binary vector p2355, we constructed a plant expression vector p23700, which habors an inverted repeat DNA fragment of GA 20-oxidase gene drivered by Cauliflower mosaic virus promtor (CaMV 35Sp). Binary plasmid p2355 had no inverted repeat DNA fragment of GA 20-oxidase gene. The vector p2355 and p23700 were introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105 and tobacco leaf transformation was conducted. After selected by kanamycin and characterized by PCR and GUS hischemical reaction, transsgenic plants were obtained. Fourtheen transgenic plants, which were transformed by EHA105-p23700, were obtained. Among them, 10 were dwarf mutants. However, 41 transgenic plants with the same normal phenotype as wild type,which were transformed by EHA105-p2355, were obtained. Analysis of Gibberellin contents showed that it was lower in dwarf mutants than in normal phenotype plants. Moreover, comparing to normal phenotype plants including wild type and transgenic plants with no interference fragment, the drought tolerance of dwarf plants have greatly increased. And their proline content increased obviously after drought test. Fluorescence quantitative real time PCR (RT-PCR) showed that GA 20-oxidase gene expression was significantly inhibited in dwarf transgenic tobacco. Meanwhile, the expression of the upstream gene ent-kaurene synthase (KS) gene and downstream gene GA-3β hydroxylase gene was also detected by RT-PCR. The results presented that KS gene expression had no regular change while GA-3β hydroxylase gene expression reduced. It implied that inhibiting GA 20-oxidase gene probably reduce the expression of downstream genes. The results showed that the transcriptional products of the foreign inverted repeat fragment can form hairpin RNA (hpRNA) to induce RNAi. It presented that GA 20-oxidase gene expression was effectively interfered, resulting in reducing GA3 synthesis and inhibiting plant growth and development, then dwarf plants were produced. However, the dwarf plants had higher tolerance of drought.
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本文根据我们实验室建立的发酵产物中辅酶Q10定性定量检测方法,筛选得到一株可以代谢产生较多辅酶Q10的野生菌株放射形土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50)。 为了提高放射形土壤杆菌的辅酶Q10的产量,本实验利用液体培养研究了单因素对菌株辅酶Q10产量的影响,并用正交法确定了最佳液态发酵条件。最佳发酵培养基是:葡萄糖20g,蔗糖40g, 硫酸铵10g,玉米浆30g, 酵母膏3g,K2HPO4 3g,MgSO4.7H2O 1g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 7.0-7.2。最佳发酵条件是:转接斜面菌种到种子培养基, 转速220r/min、温度28。C培养24h后,转入发酵培养基(250mL三角拼装液量为50mL,pH 7.0), 接种量为10%,转速220r/min、温度28。C,培养120h。在此条件下,菌体湿重约为50g/L,辅酶Q10含量约为20mg/L。 本文以放射形土壤杆菌为出发菌株进行诱变育种,以期获得辅酶Q10高产菌。根据微生物育种原理、参照辅酶Q10的代谢调控机制,以野生型放射形土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50)为出发菌株,采用紫外线和亚硝基胍复合诱变技术,依次筛选得到菌体提取物M抗性菌ARM-7、烟草提取物T抗性菌株ARMT-26、Vk3抗性菌株ARMTV-25、链霉素抗性菌株ARMTVS-32,菌株ARMTVS-32产量达到了36.8mg/L,与原始出发菌株相比,产量提高了77%。 研究了茄尼醇、对羟基苯甲酸、橘子皮提取物D、胡萝卜提取物E、烟草提取物对ARMTVS-32合成辅酶Q10的影响,结果表明这些物质对菌体合成辅酶Q10有一定促进作用,添加0.2g/L茄尼醇时,辅酶Q10含量提高了17%,达到了40.7mg/L;添加1.2g/L橘子皮提取物D时,辅酶Q10含量提高了13.8%,达到了39.6mg/L;添加0.5g/L胡萝卜提取物E时,辅酶Q10含量提高了25.3% ,达到了43.6mg/L;添加8g/L烟草提取物时,辅酶Q10含量提高了12.6%,达到了39.2mg/L。 Production of Coenzyme- Q10 (CoQ10) by fermentation is considered as a process with broad prospects.Quantitative Analysis of CoQ10 in the culture of microbe by TLC—UV spectrophotometry was developed, by using this method we got the strain Agrobacterium radiobacter,which was isolated from forest soil of southwest of China. The effect of the single factor on CoQ10-production ability of the strain was examined by liquid cultured, and its best optimum cultivation conditions were established by orthogonal method. The results showed that the optimum fermentation conditions were as following: carbon sources glucose 20g/L,sucrose 40g/L; nitrongen sources (NH4)2SO4 10g/L,maize liquid 30g/L;yeast extract 3g; K2HPO4 3g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 1g/L; initial pH was 7 and volume of medium(medium volume vs flask volume) was 50mL/500mL, incubating for 120h on a rotary shaker at 220 rpm and 28℃.Under these conditions, the biomass and CoQ10 concentration reached 50g/L and 20mg/L respectively. According to the biosynthesis mechanism of CoQ10 and breeding theory, CoQ10 over-production strains were screened by UV--NTG. mutation using Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50 as parent strain. A microbe-juice resistant mutant ARMTVS-32, which also could resist tobacco-juice, VK3 and streptomycin, was screened out from an agar plate. The CoQ10 content of ARMTVS-32 reached 36.8mg/L, which was 77% higher than the initial strain. In addition, We discussed the effects of some organic substrates on the synthesis of CoQ10 in ARMTVS-32. The results showed that solanesol, orange juice D, carrot juice E and tobacco juice could promote the CoQ10 accumulation in the cells. The CoQ10 content of ARMTVS-32 reached 40.7mg/L when added 0.2g/L solanesol,it reached 39.6mg/L when added 1.2g/L orange juice D,it reached 43.6mg/L when added 0.5g/L carrot juice E. it reached 39.2mg/L when added 8g/L tobacco juice.
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通过盆栽试验 ,采用定位叶片的方法 ,进行不同钾肥用量试验 ,研究了增施钾肥对石灰性土壤上烤烟吸钾和土壤供钾的影响及提高石灰性土壤上烤烟含钾量的可能途径。结果表明 ,增施钾肥可以显著提高烟叶含钾量 ;而当施钾量达一定水平时 ,只有大幅度增加钾肥施用量 ,烟叶含钾量才显著增加 ,但对烟叶产量影响不大。施钾对烟叶含钾量的提高作用在生育后期最为显著。保证生育后期充足的钾素供应对提高烟叶含钾量可能具有重要意义
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通过大田试验 ,研究了不同供钾方式对烟叶含钾量的影响及提高石灰性土壤上烤烟含钾量的可能途径。结果表明 ,施钾能显著提高烟叶产量 ,其中以粉肥结合喷优丰处理效果最好。在干旱条件下 ,增施钾肥可以显著提高烟叶含钾量 ,尤其能较大幅度提高中上部烟叶含钾量。粉肥对提高烟叶含钾量的效果稍优于粒肥。采用喷施“优丰 98- 2”进行根外补钾 ,可显著提高烟叶含钾量。在石灰性土壤上 ,干旱是提高烟叶含钾量的障碍因子。仅凭土壤施钾来提高烟叶含钾量 ,效果不稳定 ,受气候影响较大。土施结合喷施叶肥 ,是提高该区烤烟烟叶含钾量的有效途径。
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The use of biofilms as nanostructure-engineering materials is discussed and exemplified using ZnO nanorods. Three examples are presented for illustration, the immobilization of ZnO-nanorod arrays on the inner wall of a polystyrene centrifuge tube using S. thermophilus, the morphological organization of ZnO "filters" using S. thermophilus. And the design and implementation of a ZnO-decorated Ag framework using E. coli.
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对当前卷烟厂制丝线计划与调度管理中存在的不足进行了介绍,并在建立制丝生产线生产过程模型的基础上,提出了用于解决问题的计划仿真系统,对所采用的仿真策略进行了详细介绍。采用这一策略实现的仿真系统能够很方便的适应于其他行业类型的仿真。
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PASSIM卷接机组原控制系统采用电路板进行逻辑控制,抗干扰性能差,故障率高,造成生产效率降低、原材料消耗增大、维修工作繁重等。为此,设计了一套新型卷接机组电气控制系统。该系统采用PLC进行过程控制,以工控机为上位机完成人机通信,采用交流伺服驱动,并通过高速信号处理专用系统完成重量检测控制及烟支质量检测功能;利用PROFIBUS、CAN及MPI多种总线方式完成各单元间的通讯,实现信号和数据间的传递和共享。改进后的PASSIM机组运行稳定可靠,采样速度快,实时性强,且维修方便。机组的有效作业率由85%左右提高到90%以上,降低了卷烟纸和烟丝等原材料的消耗。