Estudo de sobrevivência de uma coorte de pessoas de 60 anos e mais no município de Botucatu (SP) - Brasil

O aumento proporcional do número de idosos na população tem motivado estudos no sentido de melhorar a qualidade de vida desta faixa etária através de políticas sociais e, entre elas, o planejamento em saúde. Com o objetivo de conhecer riscos de mortalidade para a população de sessenta anos e mais, um estudo de sobrevida foi realizado rastreando, no ano de 1992, os idosos participantes de um inquérito de morbidade referida realizado na cidade de Botucatu em 1983/84. Foram localizados 89,6% destes idosos. Curvas de sobrevivência foram calculadas com o método de Kaplan-Meier e a análise de riscos, utilizando-se a Regressão Múltipla de Cox ajustando-se o modelo agregando as variáveis por blocos. Para o sexo masculino foram encontradas associadas, independentemente, ao aumento da mortalidade as seguintes categorias de variáveis: idade de 70 anos e mais: Hazard Ratio (HR)=2,4 (1,6 - 3,7); salário menor que um salário mínimo: HR=2,2 (1,3 - 3,8); ter outras rendas: HR=2,2 (1,3 - 3,9); ser o chefe da família ou seu cônjuge: HR=2,3 (1,2 - 2,4); referência de doenças do aparelho circulatório: HR=1,6 (1,1 - 2,4); referência de diabetes mellitus: HR=3,0 (1,3 - 7,0). Para o sexo feminino, foram encontradas associadas a idade de 70 anos e mais: HR=4,6 (3,0 - 7,1); referência de diabetes mellitus: HR=3,0 (1,7-5,3) e ter outras rendas: HR=2,0 (1,1 - 4,0).

Avaliação da conduta de profilaxia antirrábica indicada para pessoas envolvidas em agravos com cães e gatos no município de Jaboticabal, SP, no período de 2000 a 2006

Objetivando analisar as indicações de profilaxia antirrábica humana no Município de Jaboticabal-SP, foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo descritivo no período de 2000 a 2006, com levantamento de dados registrados nas fichas de investigação de atendimento e cálculo do custo com as vacinas destinadas à profilaxia pós-exposição. Constatou-se que 2.493 pessoas agredidas por animais foram submetidas à profilaxia com uso de vacina, num total de 7.108 doses e um custo de R$ 179.105,14. da totalidade de casos notificados, 2.184 (71,5 %) foram causados por cães e gatos clinicamente sadios no momento da agressão e que assim se mantiveram durante o período de observação, a qual foi feita pela própria vítima ou pelo dono do animal. Considerando este fato e também a situação epidemiológica da raiva no Município, pode-se inferir que essas vítimas poderiam ter sido dispensadas da profilaxia; entretanto, apenas 464 o foram, ou seja, 1.720 pessoas podem ter recebido vacina sem necessidade, ou seja 4.590 doses a um custo de R$ 114.420,81. em comparação com os números de outros municípios do Estado de São Paulo e com a média nacional, constata-se que o número de profilaxias pós-exposição contra raiva é muito alto em Jaboticabal, evidenciando que na conduta não se considerou o estado do agressor e a condição do Município de área controlada para raiva. Recomenda-se conscientização e capacitação permanentes das equipes de saúde pública quanto à epidemiologia da doença e à necessidade de observação adequada do animal agressor. É essencial a integração dos serviços médicos e veterinários no atendimento às vitimas, visando uma melhor avaliação do caso para que a decisão de se instituir ou não a profilaxia pós-exposição seja feita com critério e segurança.

Efeitos da deficiência de cálcio e/ou boro sobre o pedúnculo do capítulo do girassol

Foi conduzido, em casa de vegetação, um experimento em solução nutritiva de Steimberg modificada, cultivando-se o girassol (Helianthus annuus L.), cv. Anhandy, com cinco níveis de cálcio e cinco de boro combinados, em esquema fatorial completo 5 x 5, visando-se induzir sintomas tardios, no início do florescimento, de deficiência desses elementos. A deficiência isolada de cálcio induziu o sintoma de colapso do capítulo quando o nível inicial de cálcio na solução foi tal (15,24 ppm de Ca) que permitiu a manifestação do sintoma no início do florescimento. A deficiência de boro manifestou-se antes do florescimento, para todos os níveis iniciais do micronutriente em solução, e isto impediu sua avaliação, em relação ao capítulo.

Deficiência de Mn em soja, induzida por adubação potássica e calagem

Tanto a toxidez como a deficiência de Mn em soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), levam a um prejuízo na produtividade. Tem-se recomendado a calagem para superar os graves problemas de toxidez de Mn em soja, mas existem condições potenciais para ocorrer indução de deficiências de micronutrientes, inclusive o Mn. Com o objetivo de explorar esta possibilidade, a cultivar de soja Cristalina foi plantada em vasos, contendo dois Latossolos Vermelho- Escuro de textura média, na presença ou ausência de adubação potássica (50 ug/cm3), e calagem. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a adubação potássica pode ter como consequência uma menor absorção de Mn pela soja, e quando associada à calagem (pH 6,5) pode levar à ocorrência de deficiência induzida de Mn, que se manifesta como clorose internerval nas folhas do terço superior da planta.

Status sócio econômico e deficiência intelectual em escolares

Raven's Progressive Matrices were completed by 536 school children. Wechsler's Intelligence Scale for Children was applied to children who performed badly on Raven's Test (percentile 5 or less). Father's occupation and education, items of property and sums of spending money were assessed in all families. Clinical history and physical examination were recorded for deficient children. Mental deficiency was present in 94 children (17.5%); it was more frequent in those from lower socioeconomic classes (90 deficient children in a total of 427); it was more frequent in the peripheral school (69 deficient children) than in the midtown school (relatively less poor children); no significant difference was found in sex distribution among social classes. 67 children had an intelligence quotient between 50 and 69. Undernourishment was severe marked (18 children), moderate (48 children) or absent (26 children). Most children (67) were insufficiently stimulated by their parents.

Cinética do transporte jejunal de glicose em ratos com deficiência de niacina.

The kinetic of jejunal glucose transport was studied using perfused rat jejunum in vivo. Ninety rats were fed a diet deficient in niacin and 90 a control diet. The jejunal loops of 7 groups of animal were infused each group with one of following solutions of glucose: 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 and 300 mM/l. The Vmax and Km values were determined. The results showed that the vitamin-deficient rats absorbed less glucose independently of the amount infused and these animals had lower Vmax (133.7 microM/15 min/15 cm) and Km (192.1 mM/l) than control groups (294.1 microM/15 min/15 cm and 171.8 mM/l, respectively). In conclusion one can assume that niacin deficiency leads to a decreased glucose absorption in the jejunal loops, when tested as in our experimental model.

Transporte jejunal eletrogênico da glicose em ratos com deficiência de niacina.

The active electrogenic absorption of glucose was studied in 12 niacin deficient rats using a method for measuring changes in transmural potential difference across jejunal mucosa. The glucose was infused in 6 different concentrations (2.5; 5.0; 10.0; 20.0; 50.0 and 100.0 mM/L) at a constant rate of 1.7 ml per minute. The apparent kinetic parameters (Km and Pdmax) of active electrogenic transport were obtained graphically from curves of glucose transfer potentials. The results were compared with that obtained in a control group. The curve of glucose transfer potential in niacin deficient group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The apparent Km of niacin deficient group was greater than in the control group (16.1 x 12.7 mM/L). Furthermore, the Pdmax of the deficient group was lower than that of the control group (12.5 x 19.4 mV). The results showed that in niacin deficiency occurs a decreasing of the active electrogenic glucose absorption. One of the possible interpretation of the differences in the kinetic characteristics of electrogenic glucose transport would be a depleted energy supplement for the active transport in the enterocyte of the niacin deficient rats.

Diagnóstico da deficiência de fósforo em bovinos pelos exames histológicos e microrradiográficos de costelas

The objective of the present study was to show the efficiency of histologic and microradiographic techniques performed on rib bone samples as a mean of diagnosing the phosphorus status of cattle raised on phosphorus deficient pastures and receiving different mineral supplements. The rib samples were obtained from cattle of different ages which died from disease that was clinically and epidemiologically diagnosed as botulism. Ten out of 24 juvenile and adult animals studied exibited alterations of osteomalacia, while the others without those alterations served as controls. It is suggested that the method could be useful to improve the diagnosis of phosphorus deficiency of cattle in Brazil.

O papel do enfermeiro como educador junto a cuidadores familiares de pessoas com AVC.

This article was written based on bibliographical research aiming at making a thematic analysis of the production of knowledge in newspapers and magazines about the nurse's role as an educator toward people who care for BVA (brain vascular accident) patients. The analysis gathered articles published in the 80's and 90's, from the Medline, Lilacs and Cinahl databases. Content analysis was the methodological background that allowed the organization of knowledge in two categories: educational intervention in the acute stage and the post-discharge support.

Deficiência de ferro: Conseqüências biológicas e propostas de prevenção

Iron deficiency is the commonest nutritional deficiency in the world. Although it affects adults, particularly women of reproductive age and during gestation, the most vulnerable group is children under two years of age. It affects mainly people living in developing countries, who have less access to balanced diets and health services and are exposed to precarious sanitary conditions. Iron deficiency has an impact on the immunity, adult work capacity and the cognitive development of children. Combating and preventing iron deficiency is one of the priorities in promoting public health. The strategies to achieve this end include the evaluation and correction of iron deficiency in pregnant women, the encouragement of breast feeding, oral iron supplementation in premature and newborn babies of low birth-weight, food enrichment and mobilization of the community.

Dificuldades e alternativas encontradas por licenciandos para o planejamento de atividades de ensino de óptica para alunos com deficiência visual

Partial outcomes of a study aimed to verify future High School teachers performance during the development of a Teaching Practice undergraduate course. The student teachers were asked to plan, elaborate and teach, in a classroom situation, optics topics to a class which included visual handicapped pupils. Data analysis shows that the main difficulties found by the student physics' teachers are related to which approach will be used to perceive phenomena dependent on vision and also to the need to break away from traditional pedagogy.. On the other hand, as alternatives, future teachers have shown creativity in order to overcome passive aptitudes related to this educational problem, working out methodological strategies that do not require the knowing/seeing relation, as well as, emphasizing oral communication within the physics teaching context. Copyright by the Sociedade Brasileira de Física.

Germinação de sementes de pinho-cuiabano sob deficiência hídrica com diferentes agentes osmóticos

The species Schizolobium amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) commonly known as pinho-cuiabano or paricá, is one of the trees in Amazonian area used for plantings in degraded areas, reforestations and agroforestry systems. The present work evaluated the germinative behaviour of seeds of Schizolobium amazonicum in relation to the hydric stress, defining their levels of tolerance to those limitations in the environment. The seeds were collected from 30 trees in Alta Floresta-MT and submitted the dormancy treatment by submersion into water at 100°C for 1 minute; followed by treatment with fungicide Ridomil and Cercobin 0,25% each, then being left to germinate in a BOD camera at 30°C under a photoperiod of 12 hours. For evaluating the effect of different water potentials in the germinative process, polyethylene glicol (PEG 6000) was used and the salts NaCI and CaCl 2 used to simulate saline stress. The seeds were put to soak in potentials of 0 (control); -0.1 ; -0.2; -0.3; -0.4 and -0.5MPa. For each treatment 5 repetitions of 20 seeds were used in gerbox, placed between filter paper moistened with 20 mL of PEG, NaCI and CaCl 2 solutions. The solutions were changed at intervals of 24 hours for maintenance of the potential. The evaluations of percentages and germination speed were carry out daily for 8 days, being considered germinated the seeds that presented a 2mm root extension or longer. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and averages compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. It was concluded that osmotic potentials between -0.4 and -0.5MPa inhibited the germination of seeds of Schizolobium amazonicum completely. The osmotic stress caused by CaCl 2, and PEG injured the germination more than did the stress caused by NaCl.