The North American subspecies of Culicoides variipennis (Diptera, heleidae) /

References: p. 34-35.

The serphoid and chalcidoid parasites of the hessian fly /

Caption title.

An annotated bibliography of the hessian fly, phytophaga destructor (Say) /

Includes index.

The fruitflies of the genus Anastrepha /

Contribution from Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

Fruit fly genera south of the United States (Diptera: Tephritidae) /

Issued May 1980.

A Review of studies on the Mexican fruitfly and related Mexican species /

Contribution from Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine.

A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera) /

Issued June 1978.

Supplement I : annotated bibliography for the horn fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.), including references on the buffalo fly, H: irritans exigua (de Meijere), and other species belonging to the genus Haematobia /

Supplement to bibliography published in 1974.

Lullaby = Wiegenlied /

First line of English text: Sleep, oh my darling, now sleep!

A revision of the genus Trupanea in America north of Mexico (Diptera, Tephritidae) /

Caption title.

Effect of temperature and humidity on development and potential distribution of the Mexican fruit fly in the United States /

Caption title.

Don Dufek, UM Football, 1951 Rose Bowl game

[Michiganensian caption "Dust flies as Dufek, Big Bear tackler meet."]

The works of Alphonse Daudet

v.17. Tartarin of Tarascon, to which is added Tartarin on the Alps; tr. by Katharine P. Wormeley.--v.18. Port-Tarascon, to which is added Studies and landscapes; tr. by Katharine P. Wormeley.--v.19. Letters from my mill, to which is added Letters to an absent one; tr. by Katharine P. Wormeley.--v.20. Monday tales; tr. by Marian McIntyre.--v.21-22. Jack; tr. by Marion McIntyre.--v.23. The support of the family; tr. by G. B. Ives, to which is added Notes on life; tr. by Mary Hendee.--v.24. Memoir by L. Daudet, to which is added The Daudet family ("Mon frère et moi") by E. Daudet; tr. by C. De Kay

Gut content analysis to distinguish between seed feeding and mycophagy of a biphyllid beetle larva found on Acacia melanoxylon

In a search for potential biocontrol agents for Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. (Mimosaceae), larvae of the beetle Diplocoelus dilataticollis Lea (Coleoptera; Biphyllidae) were found within damaged seeds of A. melanoxylon. The gut contents of larvae and adults were examined to determine whether their diet included seeds, in apparent contradiction to the known mycophagous diet of members of this family of beetles. Calcofluor M2R White, a plant cell-wall staining optical brightener was used to differentiate between plant cell fragments and fungal tissue in the gut content smears. Gut contents of adults of a known seed predator of A. melanoxylon, a weevil of the genus Melanterius, were examined in the same way to provide a benchmark. The gut contents of D. dilataticollis differed from those of Melanterius sp. Fungal structures and microbes were found in the gut of D. dilataticollis, in contrast to plant cell fragments found in the gut of the weevil and from scrapes made directly from seeds. We conclude that larvae of D. dilataticollis feed primarily on fungi associated with damaged seed and therefore may not be the proximate cause of seed damage.

Factors supporting the non-persistence of fruit fly populations in South Australia

For purposes of interstate and international fruit trade, it is necessary to demonstrate that in areas in which fruit fly species have not previously established permanent populations, but which are subject to introductions of fruit flies from outside the area, the introduced population once detected, has not become established. In this paper, we apply methodology suggested mainly by Carey (1991, 1995) to introductions of Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly), Ceratitis capitata Weid., and Queensland fruit fly (QFF) Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt (Diptera: Tephritidae) to South Australia, a state in which these species do not occur naturally and in which introductions, once detected, are actively treated. By analysing historical data associated with fruit fly outbreaks in South Australia, we demonstrate that: (i) fruit flies occur seasonally, as would occur in established populations, except there is no evidence of the critical spring generation of either species; (ii) there is no evidence of increasing frequency of outbreaks, trapped flies or larval occurrences over 29 years; (iii) there is no evidence of decreasing time between catches of adult flies as the years progress; (iv) there is no decrease in the mean number of years between outbreaks in the same locations; (v) there is no statistically significant recurrence of outbreaks in the same locations in successive years; (vi) there is no evidence of spread of outbreaks outwards from a central location; (vii) the likelihood of outbreaks in a city or town is related to the size of the human population; (viii) introduction pathways by road from Western Australia (for Medfly) and eastern Australia (for QFF) are shown to exist and to illegally or accidentally carry considerable amounts of fruit into South Australia; and (ix) there was no association between the numbers of either Queensland fruit fly or Medfly and the spatial pattern of either loquat or cumquat trees as sources of larval food in spring. This analysis supports the hypothesis that most fruit fly outbreaks in South Australia have been the result of separate introductions of infested fruit by vehicular traffic and that most of the resultant fly outbreaks were detected and died out within a few weeks of the application of eradication procedures. An alternative hypothesis, that populations of fruit flies are established in South Australia at below detectable levels, is impossible to disprove with conventional technology, but the likelihood of it being true is minimised by our analysis. Both hypotheses could be tested soon with newly developed genetic techniques.