HDAC inhibition decreases XIST expression on female IVP bovine blastocysts

During initial development, both X chromosomes are active in females, and one of them must be silenced at the appropriate time in order to dosage compensate their gene expression levels to male counterparts. Silencing involves epigenetic mechanisms, including histone deacetylation. Major X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in bovine occurs between hatching and implantation, although in vitro culture conditions might disrupt the silencing process, increasing or decreasing X-linked gene expression. In this study, we aimed to address the roles of histone deacetylase inhibition by trichostatin A (TSA) on female preimplantation development.We tested the hypothesis that by enhancing histone acetylation, TSA would increase the percentage of embryos achieving 16-cell stage, reducing percentage of embryos blocked at 8-cell stage, and interfere with XCI in IVF embryos. We noticed that after TSA treatment, acetylation levels in individual blastomeres of 8-16 cell embryos were increased twofold on treated embryos, and the samewas detected for blastocysts. Changes among blastomere levels within the same embryo were diminished on TSA group, as low-acetylated blastomeres were no longer detected. The percentage of embryos that reached the 5th cleavage cycle 118 h after IVF, analyzed by Hoechst staining, remained unaltered after TSA treatment. Then, we assessed XIST and G6PD expression in individual female bovine blastocysts by quantitative real-time PCR. Even though G6PD expression remained unaltered after TSA exposure, XIST expression was eightfold decreased, and we also detected a major decrease in the percentage of blastocysts expressing detectable XIST levels after TSA treatment. Based on these results, we conclude that HDAC is involved on XCI process in bovine embryos, and its inhibition might delay X chromosome silencing and attenuate aberrant XIST expression described for IVF embryos. © 2013 Society for Reproduction and Fertility.

O plano de desenvolvimento da escola (PDE-Escola): instrumento de autonomia para as unidades escolares?

Pós-graduação em Educação - IBRC

O banco mundial e a política educacional brasileira: um olhar sobre o FUNDESCOLA e seu plano de desenvolvimento da escola (PDE)

Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

A democratização da gestão escolar no município de Santa Bárbara do Pará a partir do PDE

Este estudo sobre A democratização da gestão escolar no Município de Santa Bárbara do Pará a partir do PDE buscou identificar quais as contribuições do Plano de Desenvolvimento da Escola para a gestão escolar, a partir de análises das ações implementadas na Escola Municipal do Livramento. Ele contempla uma discussão sobre a reforma do Estado e a nova proposta de gestão pública, que tornou-se mais flexível, capaz de se adaptar ao desenvolvimento tecnológico e às novas exigências da economia globalizada, que fizeram a reforma do Estado ser orientada pelos valores da eficiência, da qualidade na prestação de serviços e pela cultura gerencial nas organizações. Este trabalho mostra, também, a articulação existente entre sistema escolar e capitalismo, que exigiu, devido a crise no setor agrário-exportador (nos anos vinte) e a emergência do setor urbano-industrial, melhor escolarização, principalmente para as populações dos centros urbanos, associando, dessa forma, a educação ao desenvolvimento e à economia como solução para a crise. Observa-se, a partir da pesquisa, que as políticas públicas educacionais emanadas dos organismos internacionais têm suscitado novas formas de regulação e de gestão no país, nesse contexto surge a perspectiva de gestão da proposta do Fundescola/ PDE, na qual é reforçado o papel da liderança do diretor. O estudo identifica que o atendimento educacional no Pará e na Região Norte está centrado no ensino fundamental, revelando uma desproporção com relação à educação infantil e ensino médio. A discussão, aqui apresentada, a respeito da modernização da gestão enfatiza a importância da autonomia e da participação na escola pública como meio de alcançar a qualidade desejável na educação. Revela, ainda, o caráter impositivo da proposta do PDE ao ignorar a comunidade escolar e externa na sua formulação, sendo distinta e até contraditória com a proposta estabelecida pela legislação educacional brasileira, apesar do discurso dos idealizadores apontarem-na como uma proposta participativa e democrática.

O Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação (PDE/MEC) e sua efetivação por meio do Plano de Ações Articuladas (PAR) em São Miguel do Guamá (PA)

Este estudo é sobre O Plano de Desenvolvimento da Educação (PDE/MEC), lançado no segundo mandato do Governo Lula (2006-2010). A sua efetivação se deu por meio do Plano de Ações Articuladas (PAR) no município de São Miguel do Guamá (Pará). Nosso objetivo é compreender e analisar como o PDE se implanta e vem se efetivando através da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Miguel do Guamá enfatizando o regime de colaboração na promoção de Políticas Públicas Educacionais no município no período de 2008 a 2011. A metodologia utilizada nessa pesquisa é qualitativa para isso utilizamos a revisão bibliográfica para a sustentação da temática no trabalho empírico e de analise documental, de entrevista semiestruturada e observação não participante. O PAR se constitui enquanto ferramenta de planejamento e ações que tem como propósito melhorar a qualidade da educação, permitindo uma relação direta entre Governo Federal e Governo Municipal. Em São Miguel do Guamá, o PAR segundo os entrevistados representou um avanço considerável na qualidade da educação, pela oferta de cursos e pela disponibilização de recursos técnicos e financeiros para as escolas, ao mesmo tempo que levou a SEMED ao planejamento e aplicação do Projeto Político Pedagógico das escolas, porém, esses avanços se desenvolveram por meio de imposição do Governo Federal ao Governo Municipal, devido o seu baixo IDEB e culminou em perda de autonomia municipal e adoção de medidas involuntárias por parte da comunidade escolar.

Possible involvement of A1 receptors in the inhibition of gonadotropin secretion induced by adenosine in rat hemipituitaries in vitro

We investigated the participation of A₁ or A₂ receptors in the gonadotrope and their role in the regulation of LH and FSH secretion in adult rat hemipituitary preparations, using adenosine analogues. A dose-dependent inhibition of LH and FSH secretion was observed after the administration of graded doses of the R-isomer of phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA; 1 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, 1 µM and 10 µM). The effect of R-PIA (10 nM) was blocked by the addition of 8-cyclopentyltheophylline (CPT), a selective A₁ adenosine receptor antagonist, at the dose of 1 µM. The addition of an A₂ receptor-specific agonist, 5-N-methylcarboxamidoadenosine (MECA), at the doses of 1 nM to 1 µM had no significant effect on LH or FSH secretion, suggesting the absence of this receptor subtype in the gonadotrope. However, a sharp inhibition of the basal secretion of these gonadotropins was observed after the administration of 10 µM MECA. This effect mimicked the inhibition induced by R-PIA, supporting the hypothesis of the presence of A₁ receptors in the gonadotrope. R-PIA (1 nM to 1 µM) also inhibited the secretion of LH and FSH induced by phospholipase C (0.5 IU/ml) in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest the presence of A₁ receptors and the absence of A₂ receptors in the gonadotrope. It is possible that the inhibition of LH and FSH secretion resulting from the activation of A₁ receptors may have occurred independently of the increase in membrane phosphoinositide synthesis.

Adenosine A1 receptor-mediated inhibition of in vitro prolactin secretion from the rat anterior pituitary

In previous studies, we demonstrated biphasic purinergic effects on prolactin (PRL) secretion stimulated by an adenosine A₂ agonist. In the present study, we investigated the role of the activation of adenosine A₁ receptors by (R)-N6-(2-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (R-PIA) at the pituitary level in in vitro PRL secretion. Hemipituitaries (one per cuvette in five replicates) from adult male rats were incubated. Administration of R-PIA (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 µM) induced a reduction of PRL secretion into the medium in a U-shaped dose-response curve. The maximal reduction was obtained with 0.1 µM R-PIA (mean ± SEM, 36.01 ± 5.53 ng/mg tissue weight (t.w.)) treatment compared to control (264.56 ± 15.46 ng/mg t.w.). R-PIA inhibition (0.01 µM = 141.97 ± 15.79 vs control = 244.77 ± 13.79 ng/mg t.w.) of PRL release was blocked by 1 µM cyclopentyltheophylline, a specific A₁ receptor antagonist (1 µM = 212.360 ± 26.560 ng/mg t.w.), whereas cyclopentyltheophylline alone (0.01, 0.1, 1 µM) had no effect. R-PIA (0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 µM) produced inhibition of PRL secretion stimulated by both phospholipase C (0.5 IU/mL; 977.44 ± 76.17 ng/mg t.w.) and dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM; 415.93 ± 37.66 ng/mg t.w.) with nadir established at the dose of 0.1 µM (225.55 ± 71.42 and 201.9 ± 19.08 ng/mg t.w., respectively). Similarly, R-PIA (0.01 µM) decreased (242.00 ± 24.00 ng/mg t.w.) the PRL secretion stimulated by cholera toxin (0.5 mg/mL; 1050.00 ± 70.00 ng/mg t.w.). In contrast, R-PIA had no effect (468.00 ± 34.00 ng/mg t.w.) on PRL secretion stimulation by pertussis toxin (0.5 mg/mL; 430.00 ± 26.00 ng/mg t.w.). These results suggest that inhibition of PRL secretion after A₁ receptor activation by R-PIA is mediated by a Gi protein-dependent mechanism.

Mobilização social pela educação e a legitimação das políticas educacionais no PDE

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Plano de Desenvolvimento da Escola (PDE-Escola): ferramenta de autonomia escolar?

Resumo O presente artigo objetiva promover uma análise da implantação do PDE-Escola em duas unidades educacionais do município de Limeira-SP, que apresentaram o IDEB/2007 abaixo da média nacional e que foram direcionadas a implantar o Programa a partir de 2009. O PDE-Escola trata-se de um programa do Governo Federal que se proclama capaz de viabilizar a autonomia, a obtenção de melhores resultados educacionais e a modernização da estrutura, organização e gestão escolar a partir da adoção de modelos administrativos gerenciais. A finalidade deste estudo foi constatar se os objetivos delineados por tal Programa, no que tange à garantia da autonomia escolar, ganham concretude na prática. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa qualitativa foi o estudo de casos, concretizado por meio de coleta de dados (entrevistas e questionários semiestruturados, análise documental e revisão bibliográfica). Os resultados obtidos acenaram para a imposição de uma metodologia padronizada e burocrática, pautada em mecanismos de monitoramento, cobrança e controle que dificultaram a conquista gradativa da autonomia das escolas pesquisadas. Palavras-chave: PDE-Escola. Autonomia Escolar. Gestão.

Inhibition of osteoblast activity by zoledronic acid

INTRODUCTION: Patients treated with nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates, such as zoledronic acid (ZA), have frequently shown oral bone exposure areas, termed osteonecrosis. In addition, these patients may also present low repair and regeneration potential, mainly after tooth extractions. These side-effects caused by bisphosphonates may be due to their inhibitory effects on oral mucosa and local bone cells. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ZA on the mineralization capacity of cultured osteoblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human immortalized osteoblasts (SaOs-2) were grown in plain culture medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium [DMEM] + 10% fetal bovine serum [FBS]) in wells of 24-well plates. After 48-hour incubation, the plain DMEM was replaced by a solution with ZA at 5 µM which was maintained in contact with cells for seven, 14 or 21 days. After these periods, cells were evaluated regarding alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineral nodule formation (alizarin red). Data were statistically analyzed by Mann-Whitney test, at 5% of significance level. RESULTS: ZA caused significant reduction on ALP activity and mineral nodules formation by cultured osteoblasts in all evaluated periods (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These data indicate that ZA causes inhibition on the osteogenic phenotype of cultured human osteoblasts, which, in turn, may reduce bone repair in patients subjected to ZA therapy.

Chemical inhibition of the contaminant Lactobacillus fermentum from distilleries producing fuel bioethanol

The purpose of this study was to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of pure or mixed chemicals for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus fermentum in the samples isolated from distilleries with serious bacterial contamination problems. The biocides, which showed the best results were: 3,4,4' trichlorocarbanilide (TCC), tested at pH 4.0 (MIC = 3.12 mg/l), TCC with benzethonium chloride (CBe) at pH 6.0 (MIC = 3.12 mg/l) and TCC mixed with benzalkonium chloride (CBa) at pH 6.0 (MIC = 1.53 mg /l). If CBa was used in sugar cane milling in 1:1 ratio with TCC, a 8 times reduction of CBa was possible. This formulation also should be tested in fermentation steps since it was more difficult for the bacterium to develop resistance to biocide. There was no inhibition of S. cerevisiae and there were only antibiotics as an option to bacterial control of fuel ethanol fermentation by S. cerevisiae.

Efeitos da política de avaliação do PDE no sistema municipal de ensino

Pós-graduação em Educação - FFC

Inhibition of tooth erosion by milk containing different fluoride concentrations: An in vitro study

Objectives: This in vitro study assessed the effect of milk containing different fluoride concentrations on tooth erosion.Methods: Bovine enamel and root dentine specimens were treated with: (1) bovine whole milk with 0 ppmF; (2) 2.5 ppm F; (3) 5 ppmF;(4) 10 ppmF (all after erosion); (5) whole milk with 0 ppm F (before erosion); (6) NaF (0.05% F, positive control, after erosion) or (7) 0.9% NaCl (negative control, after erosion). The specimens were submitted to pH cycles (4 x 90 s in soft drink) and treatments for 5 days. The specimens were immersed in the treatment solutions for 1 min(only at the first cycle each day) with further exposition to 1: 1 milk: saliva slurry for 10 min. The tooth loss was measured using a contact profilometer and statistically analysed (p < 0.05).Results: Rinsing with milk before erosive challenge significantly reduced tooth loss compared to negative control (67% and 24% reduction in dentine and enamel loss, respectively) and to milk after erosive challenge, only for dentine. The addition of fluoride to milk also reduced tooth loss compared to negative control, but with no significant differences among fluoride concentrations for enamel and dentine (mu m), respectively: 0 ppm (3.63 +/- 0.04 and 2.51 +/- 0.53), 2.5 ppm F (2.86 +/- 0.42 and 1.96 +/- 0.47), 5 ppm F (2.81 +/- 0.27 and 1.77 +/- 0.44), 10 ppm F (2.03 +/- 0.49 and 1.68 +/- 0.59). There was a negative and significant correlation between [F] and the tooth loss.Conclusions: Daily rinse with milk containing F is able to reduce both enamel and dentine erosion in vitro.Clinical significance: Since the prevalence of dental erosion is steadily increasing, rinse with milk or its derivate might be an important strategy to reduce the progression of tooth erosion. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide as a therapeutical target for acute pancreatitis induced by secretory phospholipase A(2)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Broad Escovopsis-inhibition activity of Pseudonocardia associated with Trachymyrmex ants

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)