Mapeamento das formas do relevo para estimativa de custos de fertilização em cana-de-açúcar

A modelagem matemática associada ao conhecimento da variabilidade dos atributos do solo e mapeamento das formas do relevo pode auxiliar no manejo da fertilidade do solo em usinas sucroalcooleiras. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso da geoestatística e da modelagem matemática na estimativa de custos de fertilização, em diferentes formas do relevo. em uma área de 200 ha, foram identificadas duas formas de relevo, uma côncava e outra convexa, sendo os solos coletados nos pontos de cruzamento de uma malha, com intervalos regulares de 50 m, perfazendo um total de 623 pontos. As amostras foram submetidas a análises químicas, e, posteriormente, os dados foram avaliados por meio da estatística descritiva, geoestatística e modelagem matemática. Os resultados mostraram que, quando as formas do relevo são incorporadas às análises geoestatística e de modelagem matemática, ocorre aumento na eficiência de aplicação do calcário, fósforo e potássio no solo.

Comparison of logistic and neural network models to fit to the egg production curve of White Leghorn hens

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Modeling upper eyelid kinematics during spontaneous and reflex blinks

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estimativa da erodibilidade do solo para fins conservacionistas na microbacia córrego do Tijuco, SP

The soil erodibility factor is represented by the integrated effect of processes that regulate the water infiltration, soil resistance and the transport of soil particles. Therefore, this study had as objective to estimate the soil erodibility in the Corrego do Tijuco watershed, São Paulo State, Brazil, for guiding farmers in decision making for application of techniques for soil conservation. The soil samples were collected in a regular spacing of 500 m, resulting in a total of 310 points in a 0-20.0 m depth in an area of approximately 8,000 ha. For the estimation of soil erodibility (K) was applied a mathematical model which takes into account the soil organic matter content, the sand and silt size fractions, the soil permeability, and the particle mean diameter for each point of soil sampling. Estimated values greater than 0.040 Mg ha h ha(-1) MJ(-1) mm(-1) were considered very high for this factor. In areas with greater degree of erodibility occurs the Argisols order predominance, that shows high susceptibility to the development of interrill erosion due to its remarkable performance in relation to textural gradient, thereby, the interrill erosion rates can be very intensive due to rapid saturation of upper horizon, increasing the erosion process. At the Latosols (Oxisols) areas were also observed high soil erodibility values that under inappropriate conditions of soil occupation, concentrating runoff of rain water, leading to appear deep gullies.

Do hematologic constituents really increase due to endurance exercise in horses?

Este estudo objetivou avaliar o comportamento dos componentes do sangue em cavalos que concluiram com êxito provas de enduro em condições tropicais. Punção da veia jugular foi realizada para coletar o sangue antes, durante e após o evento. Os dados foram analisados por meio de uma abordagem matemática, com base no hematócrito e volume de sangue onde a variação percentual no volume plasmático foi utilizada para corrigir os valores de cada variável analisada. O nível de significância adotado foi P<0,05. O modelo matemático proposto para avaliar as concentrações de componentes do sangue permitiu a observação de um padrão diferente no comportamento de várias variáveis plasmáticas, destacando que a abordagem seguida pelos autores é mais sensível do que aquelas que não seguiram este procedimento. em conclusão, o método utilizado neste estudo permitiu acompanhar os processos fisiológicos que realmente ocorrem durante o esforço de resistência em condições tropicais.

Potencial de erosão da bacia do Rio Uberaba

Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar qualitativamente as áreas suscetíveis à erosão laminar na bacia do Rio Uberaba, localizada em Uberaba -MG, apoiado no modelo matemático da Equação Universal de Perda de Solo (EUPS). Foram utilizadas cartas de: solos, uso e ocupação das terras, redes de drenagem, declividade e dados pluviográficos, utilizando-se de um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG -IDRISI). A espacialização do potencial de erosão só foi possível a partir da estimativa da tolerância às perdas laminares para cada tipo de solo da bacia, e da profundidade dos solos, por entender que as perdas são mais significativas em solos mais rasos do que em solos muito profundos. Na análise dos resultados, verificou-se que 37% da área total da bacia do Rio Uberaba (905,24 km²) sofrem perdas de solos acima do limite de tolerância, sendo 12% em solos profundos e 25% em muito profundos, e a espacialização deste evento favorece a adoção de ações efetivas quanto à conservação dos solos da bacia.

Classificação numérica e modelo digital de elevação na caracterização espacial de atributos dos solos

One of needs of modern agriculture is the prediction of spatial variability of soil properties at more detailed scales for sustainable management and optimization of management practices. The mathematical model associated with knowledge of variability of soil attributes and mapping of relief forms has helped in agricultural planning. In this regard the aim of this study was to characterize the spatial variability of physical and chemical properties of Oxisols and Ultisols using numerical classification and the digital elevation model. Two distinct landforms: convex for the Oxisol (158 ha) and linear for the Ultisol (172 ha). 53 samples from the Oxisol and 57 samples from the Ultisol were taken. Multivariate analysis of clusters of attributes studied from their euclidean distances was performed. This analysis by dendograms along with digital elevation models for different soils characterized was more homogeneous in Ultisol groups, and less homogeneous for the Oxisol in convex landform. These quantitative methods showed that the landforms conditioned the spatial pattern of soil attributes.

Genetic associations of sexual precocity with growth traits and visual scores of conformation, finishing, and muscling in Nelore cattle

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genetic parameters and relationships between heifers rebreeding and hip height in Nellore cattle

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Metaheurísticas evolutivas para o problema de roteamento de unidades móveis de pistoneio

This paper presents metaheuristic strategies based on the framework of evolutionary algorithms (Genetic and Memetic) with the addition of Technical Vocabulary Building for solving the Problem of Optimizing the Use of Multiple Mobile Units Recovery of Oil (MRO units). Because it is an NP-hard problem, a mathematical model is formulated for the problem, allowing the construction of test instances that are used to validate the evolutionary metaheuristics developed

Genetic associations of conformation, finishing precocity and muscling visual scores with mature weight in Nelore cattle

Were estimate (co)variance and genetic associations between conformation, finishing precocity and muscling visual scores measured at weaning (SCW, SFW and SMW, respectively) and yearling (SCY. SFY and SMY, respectively) with mature weight (MW) in Nelore cows, in order to predict the possible changes that inclusion of visual scores in beef cattle selection indices would bring to female mature weight. The data set contained records of 36,757 females, born between 1993 and 2006, belonging to the Jacarezinho cattle raising farm. (Co)variance components were estimated by bivariate animal models using Bayesian inference method through Gibbs sampling, assuming a linear model for MW and a nonlinear (threshold) model for conformation, finishing precocity and muscling visual scores. The first 10,000 rounds were considered as the burn-in period and discarded. The posterior means of direct heritability distributions were: 0.16 +/- 0.02 (SCW); 0.20 +/- 0.02 (SFW); 0.19 +/- 0.02 (SMW); 0.24 +/- 0.02 (SCY); 0.31 +/- 0.02 (SFY); 0.32 +/- 0.02 (SMY) and 0.46 +/- 0.04 (MW). Estimates of genetic correlations between visual scores and MW were positive and moderate, ranging from 0.27 +/- 0.06 to 0.36 +/- 0.04. Visual scores and MW should respond favorably to direct selection. Mature weight can be used in Nelore breeding programs designed to monitor the cows' size. Selection of animals with higher conformation, finishing precocity and muscling scores, especially at yearling, should promote an increase in cows' mature weight. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Otimização de escalas de serviço de tripulações estudo de caso em uma empresa de transporte urbano na região metropolitana de Natal/RN

This work aims to "build" rostering urban bus crews to minimize the cost of overtime. For this purpose a mathematical model was developed based on case study in an urban transport company in the metropolitan region of Natal. This problem is usually known in the literature as the Crew Scheduling Problem (CSP) and classified as NP-hard. The mathematical programming takes into account constraints such as: completion of all trips, daily and maximum allowable range of home and / or food. We used the Xpress-MP software to implement and validate the proposed model. For the tested instances the application of the model allowed a reduction in overtime from 38% to 84%

Correlações genéticas entre escores visuais e características reprodutivas em bovinos Nelore usando inferência bayesiana

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a herdabilidade e as correlações genéticas entre escores visuais e características reprodutivas de animais da raça Nelore. As características avaliadas foram: precocidade, musculatura, e escores de conformação à desmama (PD, MD e CD, respectivamente) e ao sobreano (PS, MS e CS, respectivamente); idade ao primeiro parto (IPP); e perímetro escrotal (PE). Foram utilizadas informações de 66.244 animais, nascidos entre 1990 e 2006. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados em análises bicaracterísticas, com inferência bayesiana. Foi utilizado um modelo linear para IPP e PE, e um modelo não linear (threshold) para os escores visuais. As herdabilidades estimadas foram: CD, 0,19±0,02; PD, 0,23±0,02; MD, 0,20±0,02; CS, 0,26±0,01; PS, 0,33±0,02; MS, 0,32±0,02; IPP, 0,16±0,03; e PE, 0,36±0,02. As correlações genéticas estimadas entre os escores visuais e IPP foram negativas, de -0,18±0,03 a -0,29±0,02. Correlações genéticas positivas foram obtidas entre os escores visuais e o PE, de 0,19±0,01 a 0,31±0,01. A seleção de animais com os maiores escores visuais, principalmente ao sobreano, permite melhorar o desempenho reprodutivo dos rebanhos

Avaliação de características de crescimento pós-desmama de animais Nelore puros e cruzados no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo de estratégias de otimização para poços de petróleo com elevação por bombeio de cavidades progressivas

The progressing cavity pump artificial lift system, PCP, is a main lift system used in oil production industry. As this artificial lift application grows the knowledge of it s dynamics behavior, the application of automatic control and the developing of equipment selection design specialist systems are more useful. This work presents tools for dynamic analysis, control technics and a specialist system for selecting lift equipments for this artificial lift technology. The PCP artificial lift system consists of a progressing cavity pump installed downhole in the production tubing edge. The pump consists of two parts, a stator and a rotor, and is set in motion by the rotation of the rotor transmitted through a rod string installed in the tubing. The surface equipment generates and transmits the rotation to the rod string. First, is presented the developing of a complete mathematical dynamic model of PCP system. This model is simplified for use in several conditions, including steady state for sizing PCP equipments, like pump, rod string and drive head. This model is used to implement a computer simulator able to help in system analysis and to operates as a well with a controller and allows testing and developing of control algorithms. The next developing applies control technics to PCP system to optimize pumping velocity to achieve productivity and durability of downhole components. The mathematical model is linearized to apply conventional control technics including observability and controllability of the system and develop design rules for PI controller. Stability conditions are stated for operation point of the system. A fuzzy rule-based control system are developed from a PI controller using a inference machine based on Mandami operators. The fuzzy logic is applied to develop a specialist system that selects PCP equipments too. The developed technics to simulate and the linearized model was used in an actual well where a control system is installed. This control system consists of a pump intake pressure sensor, an industrial controller and a variable speed drive. The PI control was applied and fuzzy controller was applied to optimize simulated and actual well operation and the results was compared. The simulated and actual open loop response was compared to validate simulation. A case study was accomplished to validate equipment selection specialist system