Effects of Purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1→3)-β-Glucan on Venous Ulcer Healing

Water-insoluble glucan was isolated from the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast cells were treated with alkali and the residue then with acid. Chemical and NMR (1D and 2D) analyses showed that a linear (1→3)-β-glucan was purified that was not contaminated with other carbohydrates, proteins or phenolic compounds. The effects of the glucan on wound healing were assessed in human venous ulcers by histopathological analysis after 30 days of topical treatment. (1→3)-β-glucan enhanced ulcer healing and increased epithelial hyperplasia, as well as increased inflammatory cells, angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation. In one patient who had an ulcer that would not heal for over 15 years, glucan treatment caused a 67.8% decrease in the area of the ulcer. This is the first study to investigate the effects of (1→3)-β-glucan on venous ulcer healing in humans; our findings suggest that this glucan is a potential natural biological response modifier in wound healing

Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia - a diagnostic challenge. A report of two atypical cases

Objectives: The authors describe 2 atypical cases of patients with hypoglycaemia, suspected for insulinoma. Methods: The 2 reports are accompanied by a concise review of the literature. Results: Patient 1 had a distal pancreatectomy performed for suspected insulinoma, and was diagnosed with a glucagonoma and beta-cell hyperplasia (nesidioblastosis). To the authors’s knowledge, co-existing glucagonoma and nesidioblastosis had not been previously reported. Patient 2 was diagnosed with a benign insulinoma and 5 years later with metastatic disease. Conclusion: The authors conclude that insulinomas are rare entities which often present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. In such cases, patient referral to tertiary multidisciplinary centers is recommended.

Effects of Purified Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1→3)-β-Glucan on Venous Ulcer Healing

Water-insoluble glucan was isolated from the baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeast cells were treated with alkali and the residue then with acid. Chemical and NMR (1D and 2D) analyses showed that a linear (1→3)-β-glucan was purified that was not contaminated with other carbohydrates, proteins or phenolic compounds. The effects of the glucan on wound healing were assessed in human venous ulcers by histopathological analysis after 30 days of topical treatment. (1→3)-β-glucan enhanced ulcer healing and increased epithelial hyperplasia, as well as increased inflammatory cells, angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation. In one patient who had an ulcer that would not heal for over 15 years, glucan treatment caused a 67.8% decrease in the area of the ulcer. This is the first study to investigate the effects of (1→3)-β-glucan on venous ulcer healing in humans; our findings suggest that this glucan is a potential natural biological response modifier in wound healing

Summary study of gill ectoparasite infections and their histopathologic effects in four species of freshwater ornamental fishes

Ornamental fish are more expensive in comparison with the other fish. It especially highlights in non-breeding fish (in imported one for importation costs). But of course, with entering the new and unhealthy fishes to aquarium or ponds, they may transmit a pathogen to others (interfere with Iran ornamental fish parasitic fauna). In this study (Dec. 2008- Sep. 2009), 400 fish gill arch from 4 species of ornamental fish (within focus on imported fish); namely, i.e. Goldfish (Carassius auratus), platyfish (Xiphophorus maculatus), Dwarf gourami (Colisa lalia) and Catfish (Hypostomus plecostomus) were inspected for gill ectoparasites and then pathologic effects (but in high- affected gill). In this study, seven protozoan and ten metazoan species, indeed seventeen parasite species were identified. Protozan parasites consist of: Trichodina spp. and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis were found in four fish species; Ichthyobodo necatrix (Costia necator/C. necatrix) and Cryptobia branchialis, were respectively found in Dwarf gourami and goldfish. The highest prevalence belongs to Ichthyophthirius (47%) in platyfish. Metazoan parasites consist of: Ancyrocephalus sp. (Dwarf gourami), Ancylodiscoides spp. (catfish and platyfish), Dactylogyrus vastator, D. baueri, D. formosus (only in goldfish) and Gyrodactylus spp. (in four fish species). The highest prevalence was related to Dactylogyrus vastator(82%) in goldfish. Histological effects in case with high prevalence of parasite were also observed, e.g., hypertrophy, Lamellar hyperplasia and fusion. In high-parasitized gill, there is dysfunction of gill.

Satisfacción de la atención médica en el área del hospitalización del Departamento Gíneco -Obstetricia del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. 2014

Objetivo. Determinar el grado de satisfacción de las pacientes con la atención médica y de enfermería recibida en el Área de Hospitalización del Departamento de Gineco - Obstetricia del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. Metodología. Con un diseño descriptivo de corte transversal se recopiló información de 628 pacientes ingresadas a los servicios de Ginecología y Obstetricia entre marzo y mayo del 2014. Se analizó edad, instrucción, estado civil, residencia, diagnóstico al ingreso, al egreso y procedimiento realizado en los dos servicios y grado de satisfacción de las pacientes con el personal médico y el personal de enfermería. Resultados. Las pacientes del servicio de Ginecología representaron el 26.11 %, con un promedio de edad de 41.46 ± 11.41 años y las de Obstetricia el 73.89 % con una edad media de 28.62 ± 6.12 años. La instrucción más frecuente fue la secundaria, en la mayoría casadas y residen en el área urbana. El diagnóstico ginecológico más frecuente al ingreso y al egreso fue la hiperplasia endometrial con el 26.1 % en ambos casos. En el área Obstétrica, el embarazo a término sin complicaciones representó más del 50% de los diagnósticos tanto al ingreso como al egreso. La histerectomía fue el procedimiento ginecológico realizado con mayor frecuencia (25 %). La cesárea es el procedimiento obstétrico más frecuente (45.26 %). Conclusiones. Se obtienen valoraciones altas en la satisfacción de la atención médica en más del 65 % de las pacientes encuestadas tanto del personal médico como del personal de enfermería.

BPH and sexuality

Quality of life has become a very important parameter in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and one of the major concepts identified by the patients to be important is related to sexuality after BPH therapy. The impact on sexuality resulting from the various treatment modalities of BPH, either medical, surgical or instrumental has been too often neglected in the past and poorly investigated. The present article reviews the influence on sexual function of current therapies for symptomatic BPH.

Estudo clínico-laboratorial e histopatológico de cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania chagasi com diferentes graus de manifestação física

Canine Visceral Leishmania (CVL) is an important zoonotic disease that has a world wide distribution and has a large impact on public health on the American Continent, especially in Brazil, where the nature of endemic diseases in humans affects a large part of the nation. The influence of the prevalence of CVL in the increased rate of human cases in endemic areas and in the unleashing of epidemic outbreaks shows the need for a more profound understanding, that would generate significant advances in the current measures used to control the reservoirs of sickness that are practiced by the Programa Nacional de Vigilância e Controle da Leishmaniose Visceral. The present work describes and compares the clinical-laboratorial and histopathological findings of twenty-three dogs that were naturally infected by Leishmania chagasi, from endemic areas in metropolitan Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. These animals, that were selected and given physical and serological exams (IFI and ELISA rK-39), were classified according to the degree of clinical severity and had blood samples drawn (whole blood and serum) for a complete hemogram and a coagulogram to be done as well as biochemical tests for kidney and liver function. The confirmation of infection by L. chagasi was done after the euthanasia of the animals, through the direct demonstration of the parasite in the impression of the spleen and liver crowned with GIEMSA and through a cultivation by means of NNN/Schneider. According to the clinical evaluation, the animals were classified as asymptomatic (7), oligosymptomatic (7) and polysymptomatic (9). Among the animals that were chosen to be autopsied, there were 2 asymptomatic, 3 oligosymptomatic and 3 polysymptomatic, for the purpose of studying their histopathology, having collected fragments of the spleen, liver, kidneys and skin and were fixed in 10% tamponed formol. The comparison between the average parameters of the clinical-laboratory tested animals in the groups was done through the Student t test (a<0.05). The main clinical signals observed were lymphadenomegaly, alopecy, dermatitis, exfoliation, cutaneous ulcers, onicogriphosis and emaciation. The main clinical-laboratorial alterations established, mainly in the polysymptomatic group, were anemia, hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia, alterations in the albumin/globulin ratio and increased ALT activity. Renal alterations were not verified (urea and creatinine levels were normal). Thrombocytopenia was observed in three clinical groups. However, the other indicators of coagulation function (TAP and TTPA) did not have abnormal variations. There were inflammatory infiltrations and leishmania amastigotes in the skin of polysymptomatic dogs, however, they were not found in the skin of asymptomatic animals. Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the phagocyte mononuclear system, leishmania amastigote parasites were found in the macrophages, extramedullary hematopoiesis and degenerative alterations were detected in the spleen and liver of 8 of the animals submitted to histopathological exams. In accord with these results, it was demonstrated that the expected alterations in the hematological and biochemical parameters in function of their viscerotropic nature of CVL are mainly observed in the more advanced stages of the disease. The absence of inflammatory infiltration and parasite load in the skin suggest that infected animals without symptoms may have an importance irrelevant to the infectiousness of the vector

Efeitos ginecológicos do "tamoxifeno": contributo da radiologia

O “Tamoxifeno” (TAM) é a terapêutica anti-estrogénica de escolha nas doentes com cancro da mama. Os efeitos proliferativos do TAM em idade pós-menopausa têm sido associados a hiperplasia, pólipos, carcinoma e sarcoma do endométrio. As doentes tratadas com TAM têm também maior incidência de leiomiomas, adenomiose e endometriose, assim como maior risco de quistos do ovário. O método de primeira linha na vigilância das mulheres sob TAM é a ecografia transvaginal (US-TV). O endométrio apresenta-se frequentemente espessado e com áreas quísticas, aspectos passíveis de melhor caracterização por histerossonografia e ressonância magnética. Nas imagens ponderadas em T2, um endométrio espessado e heterogéneo com captação de aspecto reticulado e a opacificação da interface endométrio-miométrio associam-se a lesões de pior prognóstico (pólipos, hiperplasia atípica e neoplasia). O conhecimento dos efeitos ginecológicos do TAM e da sua tradução radiológica promove o diagnóstico precoce e adequado encaminhamento destas doentes.

Beers versus STOPP criteria in polyharmacy community-dwelling older patients

Objective: To assess potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) using Beers (2012 version) and STOPP (2008 version) criteria in polypharmacy, community-dwelling, older patients. Methods: From the information collected in the invoicing data of the prescriptions and the electronic medical records, a sample was selected of 223 ≥ 65-year-old patients who were taking simultaneously 10 or more drugs per day. Beers and STOPP criteria were separately applied, and the results obtained with the two methods were compared. Results: A total of 141 (63.2%) patients presented at least one Beers criterion. The two most frequently observed Beers criteria independent of diagnosis were the use of benzodiazepines and the use of non-COX-2-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. With regard to Beers criteria considering diagnosis, the most frequent were the use of anticholinergic drugs in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms or benign prostatic hyperplasia, and the use of benzodiazepines, antipsychotics, Zolpidem or H2-antihistamines, in patients with dementia or cognitive impairment. A total of 165 (73.9%) patients had at least one PIP according to the STOPP criteria. Duplicate drug classes and long-term use of long-acting benzodiazepines were the two most frequent STOPP criteria. Discussion: Our study identified a high frequency of PIP in poly-medicated community-dwelling older patients. Simultaneous application of Beers and STOPP criteria represents a useful tool to improve prescribing in this population group.

Identificación de infección del tracto urinario mediante el examen elemental microscópico de orina en los habitantes de la Comuna Sunicorral Tambo-Cañar 2015

Antecedentes: La infección del tracto urinario es una de las patologías más comunes y forma parte de las principales causas de consulta médica y hospitalización. (1, 2) Es frecuente en mujeres, personas con vida sexual activa, mujeres embarazadas y diabéticos. El 10 al 20 % de mujeres entre los 18 y 40 años experimentan infección del tracto urinario, en hombres mayores a 50 años se asocia a problemas por hiperplasia prostática y en personas de la tercera edad la frecuencia es similar tanto en hombres como en mujeres. (1) Objetivo: Identificar infección de vías urinarias mediante el examen elemental y microscópico de orina en los habitantes de la comuna Sunicorral Tambo- Cañar 2015. Metodología: Estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal en habitantes la comuna Sunicorral, la muestra fue de 202 personas. Luego firmar del consentimiento y asentimiento informado, se llenó las encuesta con información relacionada a las variables de estudio, se recolectaron las muestras de orina y el análisis se realizó en el laboratorio del Centro de Diagnóstico de la Universidad de Cuenca, los datos obtenidos fueron analizado en el programa SPSS y Microsoft Excel y presentados en tablas y gráficos estadísticos. Resultados: De 202 muestras el 15% reportó infección del tracto urinario, el 87,1% fue mujer, el 25,8% correspondió a la edad de 10 a 19 años, el 64,6% realizó su higiene intima pasando uno o más días, el 62,0% tiene actividad sexual siendo un factor importante.

Substituição da farinha de peixe pelo farelo de soja em dietas para juvenis de curimba

Replacement of fishmeal by soybean meal in juvenile curimba (Prochilodus lineatus) diets was evaluated. Five isonitrogenous (26% crude protein) and isocaloric (4,000 kcal of gross energy kg(-1)) diets with 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of replacement were used. Fish (3.71 +/- 0.54 g) were distributed in 25 tanks (120 liters). The diets were provided for 84 days. Total replacement of fishmeal (100%) by soybean meal worsened weight gain, feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio. An increase in carcass fat was observed at the expense of reducing protein percentage, as well as an increase in hepatosomatic index. It was concluded that replacing 75.0% fish meal by soybean meal (33.2% of inclusion) did not affect the animal growth, although there been observed changes in corporal composition and hepatic hyperplasia.

Causas de hemorragia uterina anormal en mujeres de 35 a 50 años que acudieron al departamento de ginecología en el Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga desde junio-diciembre del 2014

ANTECEDENTES: La hemorragia uterina anormal (HUA) es un problema común de mujeres en edad reproductiva, perimenopáusica y menopausia, por lo cual se realizó el presente estudio para conocer las causas de la hemorragia uterina anormal en nuestra población además de sus características demográficas y consecuencia del sangrado. OBJETIVO GENERAL: Determinar las diferentes causas del sangrado uterino anormal en mujeres de 35 a 50 años del departamento de gineco-obstetricia del hospital José Carrasco Arteaga en el periodo de junio-diciembre del 2014. METODOLOGÍA: Es un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo donde se indagó las historias clínicas de pacientes con diagnósticos de hemorragia uterina anormal en el Hospital “José Carrasco Arteaga”, del departamento de Ginecología en el periodo junio-diciembre 2014. La recolección de variables fue procesada, elaborada y codificada en el programa SPSS. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 178 casos, con una media de 43,47 años, de la región urbana (88,8%), la mayor frecuencia fue empleadas formal(72,5%), casadas (60,1%), con una media de gestas de 3, 91% con Papanicolaou en el ultimo año, 65,7% no tuvo planificación familiar, el principal diagnóstico fue hiperplasia endometrial (41%), segundo Leiomioma (36,7%), y el principal tratamiento fue: legrado (46,1%), seguida de histerectomía (43,3%), y 27,5% presento anemia moderada, a continuación, anemia leve (11,8%) y grave (9,6%). CONCLUCIONES: La causa más frecuente de hemorragia uterina anormal fue hiperplasia endometrial y el tipo de tratamiento escogido fue el legrado intrauterino

Toxicidade in vitro e in vivo de quantum dots de carbono recobertos com boronato

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, 2016.

Mercadeo farmacéutico de productos bajo prescripción: efectos de las estrategias Direct-to-Consumer-Advertising en el comportamiento de los consumidores y de prescripción de los médicos

Este proyecto se origina en el interés de analizar las estrategias actuales de promoción de productos farmacéuticos, en el marco del debate sobre el efecto persuasivo o informativo que la publicidad directa tiene sobre los consumidores. El objetivo es determinar el efecto de las estrategias de promoción directa para consumidores (Direct to Consumer Advertising [DTCA]) sobre el comportamiento de compra de pacientes y las prescripciones que formulan los médicos en el mercado de productos bajo receta en Estados Unidos. Para tal fin se propuso realizar una monografía que incluyera una revisión de literatura de carácter argumentativo, consultando información de nivel secundario en bases de datos científicas cuyos contenidos obedecieran a criterios metodológicos determinados por la naturaleza argumentativa del estudio. Adicionalmente, se analizó el debate sobre estos anuncios a la luz de dos estudios realizados a pacientes con cáncer de seno, próstata y colon, liderados por el Pennsylvania Cancer Registry con los productos biofarmacéuticos Avodart® y Flomax®. Finalmente, la investigación se fundamentó en la relación del mercado farmacéutico en Estados Unidos con cada uno de los agentes que interactúan en él; consumidores, médicos prescriptores y empresas farmacéuticas, así como el valor que estos comparten través de dichas interacciones. Se concluye que el comportamiento de compra de los consumidores está determinado por la naturaleza de la patología que padecen y el comportamiento de los profesionales que prescriben a sus pacientes se ve influenciado por los anuncios DTCA.